状语从句重点难点归纳94126.pptx

一、概念一、概念 在句子中用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子的词，叫连词。二、分类二、分类1.按构成形式分类：按构成形式分类：简单连词：简单连词：and before after but for 关联连词：关联连词：both.and either.or.not.but neither.nor.分词连词：分词连词：considering that provided that providing that suppose that supposing that 复合连词：复合连词：as if as though even if even though except that but that as/so long as 第1页/共45页2.按性质特点分类：并列连词和从属连词 并列连词并列连词：用来连接并列的词、短语和句子的连词。主要表示两个分句之间的并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系的连词。如：属性属性连接词连接词并列关系并列关系and,not only.but also.,neither.nor.选择关系选择关系or,either.or.,otherwise,or else转折关系转折关系but,while,when,yet,still,however(副词）副词）因果关系因果关系for,so,thus,therefore(副词）副词）第2页/共45页从属连词：从属连词：用来引导从句，一般连接主句与从句并修饰或说明主句的连词。从属连词通常引导名词性从句和状语从句。引导名词性从句的从属连词有：whether/if/that Whether we will cancel evening classes depends on the coming education policy.The reason why we will cancel evening classes is that students burdens are overloaded.第3页/共45页状语类别状语类别从属连词从属连词时间时间when,whenever,as,while,before,after,till(until),since,ever since,once,as soon as,soon after,the moment,the minute,immediately等，等，each time,every time,last time,by the time no soonerthan,hardlywhen 地点地点where,wherever原因原因because,as,since,considering/seeing that,now that目的目的so that,in order that,for fear that,in case,lest结果结果so that,sothat,such that,with the result that条件条件if,unless,as(so)long as,as(far)as,in case,suppose that,supposing that,provided/providing that,on condition that比较比较as as,not as(so)as,than让步让步though,although,even if,even though,as,however,whatever,whenever,wherever,whoever,whetheror,no matter who/what/which/where/when/whether/how方式方式as,as if,as though第4页/共45页RevisionoftheAdverbialClauses状语从句状语从句第5页/共45页九九种种状状语语从从句句 1.时间状语从句时间状语从句2.地点状语从句地点状语从句3.原因状语从句原因状语从句4.条件状语从句条件状语从句5.让步状语从句让步状语从句6.结果状语从句结果状语从句7.目的状语从句目的状语从句8.方式状语从句方式状语从句9.比较状语从句比较状语从句 第6页/共45页九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句及及其其常常用用的的连连接接词词 1.时间状语从句时间状语从句 when,while,as,before,after,since,once,every time,each time,any time,the first/second/last time,by the time,as soon as,the moment,the minute,the instant,the dayimmediately,directly,instantly,hardly/scarcelywhen/before,no soonerthan,till,until,notuntil 一一.就就.区别第7页/共45页九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句及及其其常常用用的的连连接接词词 where,wherever because,since,as,for,now that,in that（因为）considering that,seeing thatif,unless,as(so)long as,假如；如果：on condition that,provided that,providing that suppose that supposing that2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句第8页/共45页九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句及及其其常常用用的的连连接接词词 6.结果状语从句结果状语从句so that,sothat,suchthat so that,in order that,in case,for fear(that）（注意:虚拟）as（正如，正像）,as if/as though than,asas,not so/asas,the+比较级,the+比较级7.目的状语从句8.方式状语从句9.比较状语从句5.让步状语从句although,though,as,even though/even if,while(虽然）,no matter+which/what/when/where/who/how,whichever,wherever,whatever,whoever,whenever,however,whetheror；第9页/共45页用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：1.Child as she is,she knows a lot of things.2.The more I can do for the class,the happier Ill be.3.He talks as if(as though)he knew all about it.4.He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.让步比较方式结果条件 时间第10页/共45页7.Where there is water,there is life.8.He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.9.Since you are very busy,I wont trouble you.10.Even if(though)I fail.Ill never lose heart.11.Once you begin the work,you must continue.12.Although the sun was shining,it wasnt very warm.用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：地点目的原因让步时间让步第11页/共45页第12页/共45页1、when,while,as 的区别2、it is since 和 it isbefore3、because,as,for,since 的区别4、状语从句倒装5、状语从句的省略。第13页/共45页1.when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当当的时候的时候”从句的从句的谓语动词可以是谓语动词可以是延续性延续性的，也可以是终止性的。的，也可以是终止性的。(区别区别while)如：如：When the film ended,they went back.2.When 常用于下列句式：常用于下列句式：when为为并列连词并列连词意为意为“就在这时就在这时”。be doing when be about to dowhen be on the point of doing.when had donewhen1.when,while,as（一）连接词whenwhen的用法小结第14页/共45页 1.while引导引导时间状语从句时间状语从句，意为，意为“当当的时候的时候”；从从句的动作必须是延续性的句的动作必须是延续性的，(区别区别when)如：如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.while引导引导时间状语从句时间状语从句,意为：意为：趁趁的情况赶紧做的情况赶紧做 Strike while the iron is hot.3.while引导引导让步状语从句让步状语从句，意为，意为“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”，相当相当于于although While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cant be solved.4.while作为作为并列连词并列连词，意为，意为“而，却而，却”，表示，表示对比对比。Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.（二）连接词while的用法小结 第15页/共45页1.as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一边”；“随着”She sang as she walked home all the way.(一边一边）She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older,she became more beautiful.（随着）As the day went on,the weather got worse.2.as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为、由于”As she is free today,she would like to do some shopping.3.as引导让步状语从句（从句必须倒装）意为“尽管”。Tired as he was,he refused to take a rest.（尽管）Hard as he worked,he cant work out the problem.Child as he is,he knows a lot.Try as he might,he wouldnt succeed.（三）连接词as的用法小结 注意：as从句通常将作表语的adj/n.、作状语的adv、作谓语的do(情态动词后的动词原形)提到句首,但单数名词前的冠词必须省略。）第16页/共45页when,while,as这三个连词都可表示“当的时候”。1)When通常表示一个时间点，如：When he came in,we were having supper.2)while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如：While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.3)as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行，表示“一边一边”;也可表示“随着”(with结构的互换）。She sang as she walked along.As the election approached,the violence got worse.连接词when,while,as的用法区别：第17页/共45页2.It is before 和 it is since 1）It will be/时间段before It will be two years before he leaves the country.2）It was+时间段+before It was three weeks before he came back 3）It will not be+时间段+before It wont be long before she comes back 4）It was not+时间段+before It wasnt long before he left the country.“要过才会”“过了才”“要不了就会”“没过就”It is before 结构从句和主句的时态：从句和主句的时态：1.1.一致：过去式一致：过去式 2.时态退一格：主句为将来时，从句为一般现在是时态退一格：主句为将来时，从句为一般现在是 第18页/共45页(1)(1)从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时或完成进行时（表示时间段时，可用一般现在是）。(2)(2)固定句型：It is/has beenIt is/has been段时间sincesince一般过去时。It is since 结构结构It is/has been时间段since如：It is/has been three years since she joined the army.主句和从句的时态：第19页/共45页3.because,as,for,since 表“因为”的区别1、because表示事情发生的直接原因或理由，它的语气很强。He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.1)回答why的提问,必须用because。Why didnt he come yesterday?_ he had something important to do.ABecause BAs CSince DFor2)当有only，,all,partly,merely 等强调词或not等否定词时，The two girls were late again,which was partly because they got up late.3)在强调原因状语从句时，只能用because。It was because it rained hard that they put off the football match.3 3种情况必须用 becausebecause第20页/共45页2、since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。如：Since you are here,why not stay for a few more days?3、as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”。如：As its getting darker,we must go home now.4、for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet第21页/共45页1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.(01 上海)A.I have felt B.have I felt C.I did feel D.did I feel2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.(95 NMET)A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realized C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realizeD DA A4.状语从句的倒装状语从句的倒装有哪些情况？第22页/共45页状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：否定词开头；否定词开头；notuntilso加加adj/adv或或such+n放开头；放开头；as/though引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句特别注意：特别注意：Hardly when /Scarcely when/No sooner.than(一一就就)【注意倒装中的时态：过去完成时注意倒装中的时态：过去完成时】Child as he is,【注意倒装的部分是哪些部分，另外，当倒装的部分是单数注意倒装的部分是哪些部分，另外，当倒装的部分是单数 可数名词，冠词必须省可数名词，冠词必须省略略】Hardly had he got to the station when the train left.No sooner had he got to the station than the train left.Child as he is,he can speak seven foreign languages.状语从句的倒装有哪些情况？第23页/共45页5.状语从句的省略While watching TV,_.A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the door bell ring D.we heard the doorbell ringsC第24页/共45页1.Dontspeakuntilyouarespokento.2.IllbuyaTVsetifitisnecessary.3.Shestoodatthegateasifshewaswaitingforsomeone.4.Hewasaswimmerwhenhewasachild.5.Thoughitiscold,heworeashirt.6.WhileIwaswalkingaloneinthestreet,mynamewascalled.什么时候可以省略?怎么省略?spokentonecessarywaitingforsomeone achild7.WhileIwaswalkingwalkingaloneinthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.Thoughcold,hewereashirt.Whilewalkingaloneinthestreet,mynamewascalled.walkingalonethestreet,第25页/共45页:什么时候可以省略?怎么省略?在含有状语从句的复合句中在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且从句中谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。1._(在北京的时候),IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.2._(当是个年轻人的时候),AbrahamLincolnwasastorekeeperandapostmaster.3.Hehasnomoney._(要是有的话),hewillgiveus.4._(除非修理),themachineisofnouse.5._(要是给更多的关注),Theboycouldhaveturnedoutbetter.6.Agirlstoodatthegateoftheschoolasif_(跟老师讲话).When/WhileinBeijingWhen/AsayoungmanIfanyUnlessrepairedIfgivenmoreattentiontotalkingwithateacher第26页/共45页一、一、在含有状语从句的复合句中在含有状语从句的复合句中 1.1.when，while，as,once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；2 2.if，unless引导的条件状语从句；3.3.though，although，evenif，eventhough引导的让步状语从句；4.4.asthough，asif，as引导的方式状语从句；5 5.whereverwherever引导的地点状语从句 若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。再强调：第27页/共45页1.1.The man we followed suddenly stopped and The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.(NMET 2003 the right direction.(NMET 2003 安徽春安徽春)A.seeing B.having seen A.seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to seeC.to have seen D.to seeasifhewasgoingtoseewhetherHeshookhisheadasif(hewasgoing)tosay:“Donttrusther”.特别强调as if 引导的状语从句的省略第28页/共45页:省略在省略在As ifAs if引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多.1.Tomraisedhishandasif(hewasgoing)tosaysomething.2.Heactedasif(hewas)afool.3.Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasif(shewas)angry.4.Hestaredatthegirlasif(hewas)seeingherforthefirsttime.5.Theplayerisrollingonthegroundasif(hewas)hurtbadly.6.Heopenedthedrawerasif(hewas)insearchofsomethingimportant.:as ifas if用于省略句中,如果as if as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as ifas if后就只剩下不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。_(好象要说什么)_(好象他是个傻瓜)_(好象生气了)_(好象是第一次看到她)_(好象严重受伤了)._(好象在寻找重要的东西)第29页/共45页:省略在省略在As ifAs if引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多.1.Tomraisedhishandasif(hewasgoing)tosaysomething.2.Heactedasif(hewas)afool.3.Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasif(shewas)angry.4.Hestaredatthegirlasif(hewas)seeingherforthefirsttime.5.Theplayerisrollingonthegroundasif(hewas)hurtbadly.6.Heopenedthedrawerasif(hewas)insearchofsomethingimportant.第30页/共45页高考链接：高考链接：1.1.When first _ to the market,these When first _ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.(NMET 2004products enjoyed great success.(NMET 2004全全国卷国卷II)II)A.introducing B.introduced A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being introduced C.introduce D.being introduced 2.2.It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.(NMET 2004_ at the meeting by my boss.(NMET 2004全国卷全国卷IV)IV)A.questioning B.having questioned A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned 第31页/共45页第32页/共45页1._heheardthis,hegotveryangry.2.ImetLucy_Iwaswalkingalongtheriver.3._achild,helivedinthecountryside.A.whenB.whileC.as对比训练1ABC第33页/共45页1.Wewereabouttoleave_itbegantorain.2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,_,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.3.HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition_thebellrang.A.whenB.whileC.asD.duringABA对比训练 2第34页/共45页1.Child_sheis,sheknowalot.2.Hedidtheexperiment_hewastold.3.Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnot_good.A.duringB.asC.soD.thoughE.bothBandC 对比训练3EBB第35页/共45页1.Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores_hewenttotown.2.Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,_happens.3.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,weovercomeanydifficulty,_greatitis.4.Illgivethebookto_likesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however对比训练4ACDB第36页/共45页对比训练51.Itwillbeyears_wemeetagain.2.Itistenyears_Icametothistown.3.Itistenyearsago_Icametothistown.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.sinceCDB第37页/共45页对比训练6DBA1._itrains,thegamewillbeplayedontime.2._Iwastwenty,Ihadneverbeenawayfrommyhometown.3._hewerethere,hecouldnthelpus.A.EvenifB.UntilC.TillD.Unless even if/even though 主从句时态一致不能放于句首第38页/共45页对比训练71.Goandgetyourcoat.Itis_youleftit.2.Youarefreetogo_youlike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.when BC第39页/共45页1.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish_allofuscanreadit.2.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish_allofuscanread.A.thatB.whichC.asD.sothat对比训练8CA第40页/共45页对比训练91.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_greatitis.2.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_greatitis.3.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_difficultyitis.4.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_difficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whateverBCDA第41页/共45页第42页/共45页延续性动词：指能够延续的动作learn,study,work,stand,know,walk.终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即停止 open,die,close,begin,finish,come,arrive,buy,go第43页/共45页第44页/共45页谢谢您的观看！第45页/共45页