新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程Book4-Unit7-SectionB-A-worldwide-food-crisis课件.ppt

SectionB 47UNITAworldwidefoodcrisis?TomasterthereadingskillTounderstandthetextTopracticethephrasesandpatternsTolearnaboutarticlewritingObjectivesEnergy and Food CrisesWarming-upReadingSkillsTextStudyComparativeStudyContentsUnitProjectBSectionA worldwide food crisis?A worldwide food crisis?3Warming-upLead-inBackground InformationBSectionA worldwide food crisis?A worldwide food crisis?Video Watching1.Whatcanwefindaboutthefoodfromthevideo?TipsTipsTipsTips2.Whatpoliticswillbecarriedoutforthefoodcrisis?5BacklTheworldfoodpricessoaredby6percentbecauseofunfavorableweatherconditions.lThefoodharvestsisdowninmanycountries.lMorepeoplearegoingtobedhungry.lAfoodcrisisislooming.lTipsTips1.Whatcanwefindaboutthefoodfromthevideo?7lProvidehelptotheneedy.lTreasure and economizeonfood.lForbid biofuels producedbyfood.l2.Whatshouldwedotomeetthefoodcrisis?TipsTips81.Whathappenedinthe2007-2008worldfoodpricecrisis?2.Whatwasthemainreasonofthe2007-2008worldfoodpricecrisis?TipsTipsTipsTips9Worldfoodpricesincreaseddramaticallyin2007andinthefirstandsecondquartersof2008,creatingaglobalcrisisandcausingpoliticalandeconomicalinstabilityandsocialunrestinbothdevelopinganddevelopednations.1.Whathappenedinthe2007-2008worldfoodpricecrisis?TipsTips102.Whatwasthemainreasonofthe2007-2008worldfoodpricecrisis?TipsTipsInitial causes ofthe2007-2008 price spikesincludeddroughtsingrain-producingnationsandrisingoilprices.Oilpriceincreasesalsocausedgeneralescalationsinthecostsoffertilizers,foodtransportation,and industrial agriculture.Rootcausesmaybetheincreasinguseofbiofuelsindevelopedcountriesandanincreasingdemandfor a more varied diet across the expandingmiddle-class populations of Asia.All of thesefactors,coupledwithfallingworldfoodstockpiles,contributedtotheworldwideriseoffoodprices.11ReadingSkillsPresentation of the SkillReading Skill PracticeBSectionA worldwide food crisis?A worldwide food crisis?12Asweknow,everyauthorwritesforapurpose.Therearethreecommonpurposesofwriting:toinformtoprovidethereaderwithinformationaboutatopic;topersuadetoconvincethereadertobelieveacertainviewpointortotakeacertaincourseofaction;toentertaintoamusethereaderinsomeway.Identifyingtheauthorspurpose13Therearecluesthateffectivereaderscanuse to help them identify what kind ofwritingtheyredealingwith.Informativewritingfeaturesfactsandevidence,notopinionsorvaluejudgments.Itoftencontainsdates,statisticsorotherfigures,orquotesfromexpertsorwitnesses.Dependingonthesubject,thelanguagemayormaynotincludetechnicalterms.Identifyingtheauthorspurpose14Persuasivewritingfeaturesevidenceand/oremotionalappeals:opinionsandarguments,rhetoricalquestions,evaluatinglanguageandjudgmentallanguageopposingviewsorcounter-arguments.Textswrittenmainlytoentertaincanbevaried.Theyoftenuseinformallanguage,simplesentencestructures,dialogs,orfigurativespeeches.Identifyingtheauthorspurpose15For example,text A is a cause-and-effectessaywithapersuasivepurpose.You might have asked yourself somequestions and made some predictions.The questions could have been:Whatcanyoulearnfromthetitle“Thecomingenergycrisis”?Whereisthejudgmentallanguageusedinthetext?Whataretheauthorspersonalopinions?Identifyingtheauthorspurpose16LookatTextB.Readonlythetitle,thefirst paragraph,the first sentences ofParagraphs2-11,andthelastparagraph.Makepredictionsaboutthefollowingquestions.Previewing17Willtherebeaworldwidefoodcrisis?Willcurrentfoodpricesstayhighandvolatile?Howcanwesolvetheproblemscausedbythefoodcrisis?QuestionsIdentifyingtheauthorspurposeTextStudyText ComprehensionLanguage FocusCritical ThinkingBSectionA worldwide food crisis?A worldwide food crisis?191.ReadthetitleoftextBandpredictwhatmaybethetopicofthetextandwhatthewriterspurposeis.2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatthefoodcrisiscanquicklybecomeaworldwidephenomenon?(Para.1)3.Accordingtothetext,theconsultancyfirmsdontthinkthefoodcrisiswillbeworldwide.Why?(Paras.2-3)4.Whatisthemainfactorthatwillcontributetohighfoodpricesoverthenextseveralyears?(Para.4)5.Whyisfoodnotlikegarmentsorotherproductstradedonworldmarkets?(Para.5)6.Whataretheenormousstructuralproblemswiththeagricultureindustrythathavecausedthegreatimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.?(Paras.6-8)7.Whatadviceisgivenbytheauthortoneutralizethisproblemanddodgethefuturecrisis?(Paras.9-12)201.ReadthetitleoftextBandpredictwhatmaybethetopicofthetextandwhatthewriterspurposeis.TipsTipsThetitleisaquestion.Byusingaquestionasthetitle,theauthortriestoattractthereadersattentionandgetthemtothink.Fromthetitle,wecanseethatthearticleisaboutthepossibilityofaworldwidefoodcrisis.212.Whydoestheauthorsaythatthefoodcrisiscanquicklybecomeaworldwidephenomenon?(Para.1)TipsTipsRecentdroughtsalongtheequator,andinRussiaandUkrainetwocountrieswhichaccountforone-fourthofworldwheatexportscausedwheatpricesurge.22原句原句：They fear the sky-rocketing grain costs in 2007,which harshly struck the worlds poor and led to food riots,will recur.(Para.1,L.5)解释解释:Theyfearthattheexcessivelyhighgraincostsin2007,whichseriouslyhitthepoornationsofthe world and caused food-related publicviolence,willhappenagain.译文：译文：他们害怕2007年使世界穷人遭受重创并引发 食品骚乱的飞涨的粮食价格会再次出现。23Stocksofwheatareatsufficientlyhighlevels,andharvestturnoutfromotherbigproducersisexpectedtostaystrong,meaningwheatpricesshouldeventuallycalmdownandleveloff.3.Accordingtothetext,theconsultancyfirmsdontthinkthefoodcrisiswillbeworldwide.Why?(Paras.2-3)TipsTips24原句原句：Is their fear grounded?Consultancy firms measuring the status of commodities like wheat dont think so.(Para.2,L.1)解释解释:Is there a good reason for them to feelworried?Consulting firms that study theconditionoftradegoodslikewheatdontthinkso.译文：译文：他们的担心有根据吗？负责对像小麦这样的商品现状进行评估的咨询公司并不这样认为。254.Whatisthemainfactorthatwillcontributetohighfoodpricesoverthenextseveralyears?(Para.4)TipsTipsThoughthereisagrowingglobalconsensusabouttheneedforreforminfarming,repairingworldagriculturalpracticesisexpensiveprocess,andwerereallyonlyatthebeginningofalongway.26原句原句：Were really only at the beginning of a long,expensive process of repairing world agricultural practices.(Para.4,L.6)解释解释:We have really just started a long andexpensiveprocessofreformingthetraditionalmethodsofagricultureintheworld.译文：译文：在修复全球农业作业这样一项耗时长、代价高的工作中，我们还只处于起步阶段。27Theissueoffoodisfilledwithemotion.Intermittentuncertaintyinfoodmarketswillanimatepeopletoactwhentheywouldotherwiseremaincalm.5.Whyisfoodnotlikegarmentsorotherproductstradedonworldmarkets?(Para.5)TipsTips28原句原句：The overreaction of market players will act like a pistol to the head,creating a crisis when none should exist.(Para.5,L.7)解释解释:Theexcessivereactionofpeoplewhomanipulatethefoodmarketwillactlikeagunpointingatyourhead,causingacrisiswhichshouldnotoccur.译文：译文：市场操纵者如果反应过度，其作用就如同指向头部的手枪，会无中生有地制造危机。296.Whataretheenormousstructuralproblemswiththeagricultureindustrythathavecausedthegreatimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand?(Paras.6-8)TipsTipslGlobalfundingforruralinfrastructureortechnologicalresearchtokeepyieldsgrowinghasbeenverysmall.lMoregraingetsturnedintolivestockfeedinsteadoffoodforpeople.lThenewdemandforbio-fuels.30原句原句：Add in the new demand for bio-fuels,and you get a recipe for disaster.(Para.8,L.3)解释解释:Withthenewdemandforbio-fuelsaddedin,itis extremely likely that a food crisis willhappen.译文：译文：再加上对生物燃料的新需求，灾难的发生就是可能的了。317.Whatadviceisgivenbytheauthortoneutralizethisproblemanddodgethefuturecrisis?(Paras.9-12)TipsTipslGivemoresubsidiestoagriculture.lCreateacoherentinternationalplantodealwithhunger.lBuildthecapacityofthedevelopingworld.32原句：原句：Like climbing a staircase,we must do it carefully and consistently if we are to reach our goal and prevent a global food crisis.(Para.12,L.3)解释解释:Just like climbing a long set of stairs,wemustdoitcarefullyandwithconsistenteffortifwewanttoreachourgoalandpreventaworldwidefoodcrisis.译文：译文：如果我们要实现目标并预防全球性的粮食危机的话，和爬楼梯一样，我们必须谨慎而且坚持如一。33Aworldwidefoodcrisis?Today,thefoodcrisiscanquicklybecomeaphenomenon.Unlikein2007,thewheatpricesshouldeventuallyand.However,thefighttofeedtheworldwillbeahugechallengefacingtheglobaleconomyoverthenext20years.Thereareenormouswiththeagricultureindustrythathavecausedthegreatbetweensupplyanddemand.leveloffworldwidecalmdownimbalancestructuralproblems34Firstly,globalfundingforruralinfrastructureortechnologicalresearchtohasbeenverysmall.Secondly,citizensofwealthiercountrieshavegrowntoconsumingmorefoodthantheyneed.Forthefuturecrisis,wemustspendmoremoneyandtime.Weneedtodevelopthefoodproductionindevelopingcountries.Wemustdoitcarefullyandconsistentlyifwearetoandpreventaglobalfoodcrisis.accustomedkeepyieldsgrowingdodgingtoalmostdoublereachourgoal35PracticalPhrasesPracticalPhrasesSpecificSpecificMeaningsMeanings1.accountfor（在数量或比例上）占，占据（在数量或比例上）占，占据2.calmdown恢复平静；恢复正常恢复平静；恢复正常3.leveloff变得平稳；保持稳定变得平稳；保持稳定4.bestarvedof缺乏缺乏5.runoutof用光用光；耗尽；耗尽6.rescuefrom.挽救；营救挽救；营救7.keep.atbay使使某某事事物物无无法法接接近近；防防止止某某结结果产生果产生8.pointto表明（真相或重要性）表明（真相或重要性）36（在数量或比例上（在数量或比例上）占占，占据，占据(account for/commercial electricity consumption)Computersaccount for 5percentofthecountryscommercialelectricityconsumption.accountfor短语逆译短语应用电脑用电占这个国家商业用电的5%。意群提示37恢复平静；恢复正常恢复平静；恢复正常calmdown短语逆译(calm down)Thesituationhereisreallybad.Youdbetterstaywithafriendorrelativeuntilthingscalmdown.短语应用这里的情况实在糟糕。在一切恢复平静之前，你最好呆在朋友或亲戚那儿。意群提示变得平稳；变得平稳；保持稳定保持稳定(for a short while/somewhat higher/level off)Thereportsays,forashortwhile,meatpricesmaybesomewhathigher,butwithinafewweekstheywilllevel off toaveryreasonablelevel.leveloff短语逆译短语应用这份报告说，肉价短期内也许偏高，但几周内会稳定到合理的价位水平。意群提示39缺乏缺乏(people in this region/be starved of sth./drinking water)Peopleinthisregionare starved of drinkingwater.bestarvedofsth.短语逆译短语应用这个地区的人们缺乏饮用水。意群提示用光用光；耗尽；耗尽(running out of/prepare something special for/)Imrunning out of timetopreparesomethingspecialforValentinesDay.runoutofsth.短语逆译短语应用我用来为情人节做点特别准备的时间所剩不多了。意群提示挽救；营救挽救；营救(rescue sth./sb.from sth./sb./lifeboats)Aretheystillrescuing people from thelifeboats?rescue sth./sb.from sth./sb.短语逆译短语应用他们仍然在从救生艇中救人吗？意群提示42使某事物无法接近；使某事物无法接近；防止某结果产生防止某结果产生(spray/keep mosquitoes at bay)Manypeopleusethespraytokeep mosquitoes at bay.keep/hold sth.at bay短语逆译短语应用许多人都用这种喷剂驱蚊子。意群提示表明（真相或重要性）表明（真相或重要性）(point to/human resources management)Theresultsofthesurveypoint to theneedforchangesinhumanresourcesmanagementinourhospitals.point to短语逆译短语应用调查结果表明我们医院的人事管理需要做些调整。意群提示FunctionalFunctionalPatternsPatternsFunctions&UsagesFunctions&Usages1.Thereisagrowingabout用于表达“人们对有越来越多的”。2.Allsignpostspointto用于表达“所有的迹象都表明”。3.Itdoesnttakeanoracletoforetellthat用于表达“毫无疑问，未来将会发生”。4.havetheforesightto用于表达“有远见”Moreandmorepeopleareintriguedbytheissueandthereisagrowingglobalconsensusabouttheneedforreforminfarming.(Para.4,L5)句型提炼句型提炼现在越来越多的人对这一问题表示出兴趣，对农业耕作进行改革的需要也获得全球越来越广泛的认同。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习46Thereisagrowingabout句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“人们对有越来越多的”。句型应用句型应用47(dramatic news/There is a growing about)Despite the often dramatic news in the press,there is a growing interest about this city,particularlyitshistoryandculture.典型例句尽管经常有戏剧性的消息见诸媒体，人们对这座城市,尤其是它的历史与文化,越来越感兴趣。意群提示所有的迹象都表明，有必要把发展中国家的粮食产量翻一番。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习Allsignpostspointtotheneedforfoodproductionindevelopingcountriestoalmostdouble.(Para.11,L1)句型提炼句型提炼49Allsignpostspointto句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“所有的迹象都表明”。句型应用句型应用50(all signposts point to /bright future)All signposts point to abrightfutureforusall.典型例句所有的迹象都表明我们都有着光明的前途。意群提示未来20 年，让世界上所有人都吃饱饭将是全球经济所面临的巨大挑战，这一点很明确，不需要通过行家来预言。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习It doesnt take an oracle to foretellthatthefighttofeedtheworldwillbeahugechallengefacingtheglobaleconomyoverthenext20years.(Para.4,L1)句型提炼句型提炼52Itdoesnttakeanoracletoforetellthat句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“毫无疑问，未来将会发生”。句型应用句型应用53(it doesnt take an oracle to foretell)It doesnt take an oracle to foretell that ourtrainingwillequipusforthefuturejob.典型例句毫无疑问，我们的训练使得我们能够胜任将来的工作。意群提示54印度、塞内加尔等一些国家的议员、立法人员及政府机构已经独具慧眼地认识到了这一事实，并且正在给予农业更多的资助。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习Councilors,legislatorsandbureaucraticagenciesofsomecountrieslikeIndiaandSenegalhavehadtheforesighttorealizethisfactandaregivingmoresubsidiestoagriculture.(Para.9,L4)句型提炼句型提炼55hadtheforesightto句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“有远见”。句型应用句型应用56(have the foresight to/look at a distant objective/stand up against)Thewisestofleadershave the foresight to lookat a distant objective and in its name stand upagainstallpressures.典型例句最明智的领导人具有远见卓识，可以高瞻远瞩，并为了遥远的目标而抗拒一切压力。意群提示 1.重创harshlystruck 2.短暂的安心temporarysecurity 3.揭示的现实不容乐观disclosearealitynotsooptimistic 4.充满感情色彩befilledwithemotion 5.时断时续的不确定性intermittentuncertainty 6.有两面性haveadualnature 7.大规模挨饿large-scalestarvation 8.规避未来的风险dodgethefuturecrisis 9.食物链上的高端食品foodshigheruponthefoodchaina.Theoverreactionofmarketplayerswillactlikeapistoltothehead,creatingacrisiswhennoneshouldexist.市市场场操操纵纵者者如如果果反反应应过过度度，其其作作用用就就如如同同指指向向头头部部的的手手枪枪，会会无无中中生生有地制造危机。有地制造危机。59b.These problems have adualnature,onepartofitontheproductionside,andtheother on the consumptionside.这这些些问问题题具具有有两两面面性性，一一个个是是生生产产方方面面的的，另另一个是消费方面的。一个是消费方面的。c.They desire not only thebasic essentials of life,butalsomoresophisticatedtechnologies like automobilesthatusebio-fuels!他他们们不不仅仅渴渴望望生生活活的的必必需需品品，也也渴渴望望享享受受高高端端的的技技术术产产品品，比比如如使使用用生物燃料的汽车！生物燃料的汽车！如如果果我我们们要要实实现现目目标标并并预预防防全全球球性性的的粮粮食食危危机机的的话话，和和爬爬楼楼梯梯一一样样，我我们们必必须须谨谨慎慎而而且且坚坚持持如一。如一。d.Likeclimbingastaircase,we must do it carefully andconsistently if we are toreachourgoalandpreventaglobalfoodcrisis.TipsTips1.Besidesthefactorsmentionedinthetext,whatotherfactorsdoyouthinkcancausefoodpricestorise?2.Whatproblemscanbecausediffoodpricesrisetooquickly?3.WhateffectivemeasurescanbetakenforChinatoavoidfoodcrises?TipsTipsTipsTips631.Besidesthefactorsmentionedinthetext,whatotherfactorsdoyouthinkcancausefoodcriestorise?TipsTipsOtherfactorswhichcancausefoodpricestorisemayinclude:lrisingoilprices,lclimatechange,lnaturaldisasters,lcommoditymarketspeculation.642.Whatproblemscanbecausediffoodpricesrisetooquickly?TipsTips1)Familieswillbeforcedtoallocatealargershareoftheirincometomilk,breadandotherbasics,andtheywillbeunabletospendasmuchonclothes,toys,entertainmentandotherthings,affectingoverallconsumerspending.2)Peoplewilleatcheaper,lesshealthyfood,whichcanhavebadlifelongeffectsonthephysicalwell-beingofthem.lEnsure a fair distribution of food supplies toallowenoughnutritionalfoodsforeveryone.lAssist development of sustainable agriculturalpractices.lDrop plans for bio-fuels as transport fuel andfocusinsteadondoublingvehicleefficiencyandreducingdemandforfuel.lTipsTips3.WhateffectivemeasurescanbetakenforChinatoavoidfoodcrises?TalkaboutaChineseslangmin yi shi wei tian（民以食为天民以食为天）.TheChineseslang民以食为天isequalto“foodsecurity”,whichmeans“whenallpeopleatalltimeshave access to sufficient,safe,nutritious food tomaintainahealthyandactivelife”.TipsTipsHowdoyouunderstandtheChineseslangmin yi shi wei tian（民以食为天）?68Thematic studyComparativestudyThematic StudyLanguage Features AnalysisBSectionA worldwide food crisis?A worldwide food crisis?692.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorspurposefromthetext?1.Whats the authors purpose we can learnfromthetitle?Illustrateitsimportanceforthetext.TipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTips1.Whatstheauthorspurposewecanlearnfromthetitle?Illustrateitsimportanceforthetext.Thetitle“Thecomingenergycrisis”suggeststhat the article is likely to be persuasive inpur