英语五个基本句型.pptx

学习目标：1、学会分析句子成分及五个基本句型结构2、能运用五个基本句型结构翻译句子第1页/共25页.自主学习Task1 句子成分分析：请找出下列句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、或表语。1.She is happy2.She came3.She likes English.4.She gave John a book5.She bought a book for me.6.She makes her mother angry7.The teacher asked me to read the passage.小结：句子的组成部分分为：_、_、_、_、_、_、_，其中_与_是主要成分，一般不可缺少。主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语主语谓语第2页/共25页.探究合作基本句型一：主语+系动词+表语(+)本结构主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。该句型中,谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。第3页/共25页Task2 分析下列句子成分，找出每个句子的系动词及表语。1.Our English teacher is a beautiful lady.2.The cake tastes delicious.3.Their boss seems satisfied with the work.4.The potatoes went bad in the fields.5.Deep water stays still.6.John is in good health.7.My hobby is collecting coins.8.Her dream is to become a teacher.9.The reason for my failure was that I hadnt put my heart into my study.第4页/共25页1.系动词be。2.表感官的系动词，如look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear等3.表变化的系动词，如become,get,turn,grow,come,go,fall,run等。4.表持续的系动词，如remain,keep,stay,stand,rest,lie,hold等。名词形容词介词短语动名词短语动词不定式表语从句小结：系动词有：做表语的词有:_(例1)，_(例2、3、4、5)，_(例6)，_(例7)，_(例8)，_(例9)等。第5页/共25页Task3：请用“主语+系动词+表语”句型完成下列句子1.他失业了。_ 2.树叶已经变黄了。_3.这个报告听起来很有趣。The report_4.冬季白天短，夜晚长。In winter,the days_ and the nights _.He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.sounds interesting.are shortare long第6页/共25页5.十五岁他就成为有名的歌手了。At the age of fifteen,_6.孩子们很少保持安静。Children seldom_7.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。_in the nursery.he became a famous singer.keep quiet.Her job is to look after the chilren 第7页/共25页基本句型二：主语+不及物动词 （+）本身能表达一个完整意思的动词,叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。如：The machine works The machine works smoothlysmoothly.机器运转顺畅。(副词)They stopped They stopped to take a short restto take a short rest 他们停下来休息。(不定式)He is standing He is standing by the windowby the window.他站在窗户边。（介词短语）第8页/共25页Task4：请用“主语+不及物动词”句型完成下列句子。1.我们正在排队等候。_2.我们勤奋学习。_3.他每年旅游好几个月。_4.他昨晚很晚回家。_5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(take place,great changes)_in the past ten years.We are waiting in line.We study hard.He travels for several months every year.He went home very late last night/yesterday evening.Great changes have taken place in my hometown第9页/共25页基本句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语（+）及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、不定式等。如：Mary enjoys music.玛丽喜欢音乐。(名词)He loves her.他爱她。(代词)I want to get your help.我想得到您的帮助。(不定式短语)I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(疑问词+不定式)The old man enjoys living in the countryside.那老人喜欢住在乡村。(动名词短语)I dont think hes right.我认为他不对。(宾语从句)第10页/共25页Task5：请用“主语+及物动词+宾语”句型完成下列句子。1.我们在368名学生中进行了一次调查。_ among 368 students.2.我承诺以后要把主要精力放在学习上。I_mainly on my study.3.这比赛目的在于提高学生的环保意识。(aim to do sth)The contest _ students awareness of protecting the environment.4.我们已决定什么时候出发。(set off)_5.我不知道该怎么办。_We did a surveypromise to focus aims to improveWe have decided when to set off.I dont know what to do.第11页/共25页基本句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 （+IO+D）该句型中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面,直接宾语在后面。如：Tom left Mary a message.汤姆给玛丽留下了口信。This will save you much time.这将为您节约大量的时间。有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时,间接宾语前应加上介词to,for或of。第12页/共25页1.主+及物动词+物(直宾)+to+人(间宾)。如：He offered a job to her.他向她提供了一份工作。I owe my success to you.我的成功要归功于您。归纳：间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give,tell,lend,sell,teach,send,write,show,return,bring,pass,leave,offer,hand等。第13页/共25页2.主+及物动词+物(直宾)+for+人(间宾)。如：He ordered some food for the two of them.他为他们俩点了一些食物。Mother made a nice dress for the little girl.妈妈给小女孩做了条美丽的裙子。归纳：间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy,choose,get,make,order,sing,do,play，save等。3.主+及物动词+人(间宾)+of+物(直宾)。如：They robbed the old man of his money.他们抢了老人的钱。Hes warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危险。归纳：直接宾语前加介词of的动词有：cure,convince(使信服),inform,rob,rid(摆脱,赶走,清除),warn。第14页/共25页Task6：请用“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”句型完成下列句子。1.我想为父亲挑选一份合适的礼物。I want to _ a suitable _ _ my father.2.母爱给我们力量。Mothers love _ _ _.3.请在本周末把所借的书都还给图书。Please _by this weekend.4.Tom使Mary相信了他的诚实。Tom _ _ _ his honesty.5.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told _ _ last night.choosegift/present forgivesreturn all the books to the libraryuspower/gives power to usconvincedMaryofusan interesting story第15页/共25页基本句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+OC)此结构由“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词(仅限少数几个)，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：1.The news made me happy.2.They made Tom their monitor.3.I found myself in dark.(我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。)4.He encouraged her to work harder.5.I heard him singing.6.You must get your hair cut.7.He used to do his homework with his radio on.第16页/共25页用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.第17页/共25页Task7：请用“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补”句型完成下列句子。1我们叫她Alice。_2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。_3我要你把真相告诉我。(the truth)_4.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。We _ aloud every morning.5.他踢足球时摔断了腿。(have sth done)He _while playing football.6.他感到很难跟你交谈。_.We all call her Alice.We all consider him honest.He felt/found it hard/difficult to talk with youhear him reading Englishhad his leg brokenI want you to tell me the truth.第18页/共25页III.练习巩固 Task8 用简单句翻译下列各句，然后通过适当添加细节和关联词将其合并成5句话的连贯短文，这5句话依然是简单句。1.这是我的妈妈。This is my mother.(主+系+表)2.她是一个普通的家庭妇女。She is an ordinary housewife.(主+系+表)3.刚才她坐在那儿。My mother was sitting there.(主+谓)第19页/共25页4.她在看电视。4.She was watching TV.(主+谓+宾)5.我感到意外。5.I felt surprised.(主+系+表)6.她在哭泣。6.She was weeping/crying.(主+谓)第20页/共25页7.什么事才可使她高兴？What could make her happy?(主+谓+宾+宾补)8.我给她讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事。I told her a very funny story.(主+谓+双宾)9.她情不自禁地笑了起来。She couldnt help laughing.(主+谓+宾)第21页/共25页 This is my mother,an ordinary housewife.Just now,she was sitting there,watching TV.Much to my surprise,I found her weeping.In order to make her happy,I told her a very funny story.Sure enough,she couldnt help laughing.合并：第22页/共25页 IV.反思小结：反思小结：1.今天学到了什么？今天学到了什么？2.归纳错题，总结自己常犯的错误，该如归纳错题，总结自己常犯的错误，该如何应对？何应对？3.学到了哪些解题思路及技巧。学到了哪些解题思路及技巧。第23页/共25页Thank you!第24页/共25页感谢您的观看！第25页/共25页