美国联邦民事诉讼规则(内含中文目录).pdf
美国联邦地区法院民事诉讼规则简称美国联邦民事诉讼规则 目录 美国联邦民事诉讼规则 导论 美国联邦民事诉讼规则 第 1 章本规则的适用范围和一种诉讼形式 第 1 条本规则的适用范围和目的 第 2 条一种诉讼形式 第 2 章诉讼开始；传唤令状、诉答文书、申请书及 命令的送达 第 3 条诉讼开始 第 4 条传唤状 第 4 条之 1 其他令状的送达 第 5 条诉答文书和其他文件的送达与提交 第 6 条期间 第 3 章诉答文书和申请书 第 7 条允许提出的诉答文书；申请书的格式 第 8 条诉答文书的一般规则 第 9 条诉答文书的特别事项 第 10 条诉答文书的格式 第 11 条诉答文书、申请书及其他文件的签名；向法院的陈述；制裁 第 12 条抗辩和异议提出的期间和方式 通过诉答文书或申请书基于诉答文 书请求判决的申请 第 13 条反请求和交叉请求 第 14 条第三当事人诉讼程序 第 15 条修改和补充诉答文书 第 16 条审理前会议；日程；管理 第 4 章当事人 第 17 条原告和被告；当事人能力 第 18 条请求和救济方法的合并 第 19 条为公正审判而必要合并的人 第 20 条当事人的许可合并 第 21 条当事人的合并错误及不合并 第 22 条互争权利诉讼 第 23 条集团诉讼 第 23 条之 1 股东的派生诉讼 第 23 条之 2 关于非法人团体的诉讼 第 24 条诉讼参加 第 25 条替代当事人 第 5 章庭外证言与发现程序 第 26 条规范发现程序的一般规定；出示义务 第 27 条诉讼之前和上诉系属期间的庭外证言 第 28 条参与作成庭外证言的人员 第 29 条关于发现程序的约定 第 30 条口头询问的庭外证言 第 31 条书面质问的庭外证言 第 32 条在法院的诉讼程序中庭外证言的使用 第 33 条对当事人的质问书 第 34 条提供文件和物件以及为调查或其他目 的而进入房地产 第 35 条身体和精神状态的检查 第 36 条要求自认 第 37 条不出示或不协助发现：制裁 第 6 章开庭审理 第 38 条要求陪审团审判的权利 第 39 条陪审团审判或法院审判 第 40 条为开庭审理而分配案件 第 41 条撤销诉讼 第 42 条合并；分开审理 第 43 条证言的取得 第 44 条官方记录证明 第 44 条之 1 外国法的确定 第 45 条传票 第 46 条不需要提出异议 第 47 条选定陪审团成员 第 48 条陪审团成员人数参与裁决 第 49 条特别裁决和质问书 第 50 条在陪审团审判的案件中作为法律问题 作出的判决；选择重新审理的申请；有条件的裁定 第 51 条对陪审团的指示：异议 第 52 条法院认定事实；部分认定事实的判决 第 53 条主事官 第 7 章判决 第 54 条判决；费用 第 55 条缺席 第 56 条简易判决 第 57 条宣告判决 第 58 条登记判决 第 59 条重新审理；判决的修改 第 60 条对判决或命令的救济 第 61 条无害的错误 第 62 条执行判决程序的中止 第 63 条法官不能继续执行职务 第 8 章临时性和终局性财产救济方法 第 64 条对人或财产的扣押 第 65 条禁止令 第 65 条之 1 担保：对保证人的诉讼程序 第 66 条被联邦法院任命的财产管理人 第 67 条向法院提存 第 68 条判决方案要约 第 69 条执行 第 70 条特定行为的判决；赋予权限 第 71 条有利于或不利于非当事人的第三人的 令状 第 9 章特别程序 第 71 条之 1 不动产征收 第 72 条补助法官；审理前命令 第 73 条补助法官；同意审判及上诉的选择权 第 74 条根据美国法典 第 28 编第 636 条 第 3 款（4）项和本规则 第 73 条第 4 款的规定，对补助法官作出的决定向 地区法院法官提起上诉的方式 第 75 条根据本规则第 73 条第 4 款的规定，对补助法官作出的决定向地区法院 法官提起上诉的程序 第 76 条根据本规则第 73 条第 4 款的规定向 地区法院法官提起上诉案件的判决 和诉讼费用 第 10 章地区法院及其书记官 第 77 条地区法院及其书记官 第 78 条申请期日 第 79 条书记官保管的登记簿和记录以及登记 第 80 条速记员；用作证据的速记员报告及速 记译回文字 第 11 章一般条款 第 81 条一般适用性 第 82 条管辖区域及审判地不受影响 第 83 条地区法院的规则；法官的指令 第 84 条诉讼文书格式 第 85 条本规则的称谓 第 86 条生效日期 附件一：诉讼文书格式 附件二：美国联邦民事诉讼规则 中的词汇英中文语义对照表 美国联邦证据规则 导言 美国联邦证据规则介绍 第 1 章一般规定 第 101 条适用范围 第 102 条目的和结构 第 103 条关于证据的裁定（a）错误裁定的后果（1）异议（2）提供证明（b）关于提供证据和裁定的记录（c）陪审团审理（d）显见错误 第 104 条初步询问（a）关于可采性的一般询问（b）以事实为条件的相关性（c）陪审团审理（d）被告人作证（e）重要性和可信性 第 105 条有限的可采性 第 106 条书面或录音证词的剩余部分或相关 部分 第 2 章司法认知 第 201 条关于裁判事实的司法认知（a）适用范围（b）事实种类（c）任意采用（d）强制采用（e）被听证的机会（f）采用司法认知的时间（g）指示陪审团 第 3 章民事诉讼中的推定 第 301 条民事诉讼中推定的一般规定 第 302 条民事诉讼中州法的适用性 第 4 章相关性及其限制 第 401 条“相关证据”的定义 第 402 条相关证据一般可以采纳；无相关性的 证据不能采纳 第 403 条因偏见、混淆或浪费时间而排除相关 证据 第 404 条品格证据不能采纳来证明行为；例外；其他犯罪（a）品格证据的一般规定（1）被告人的品格（2）被害人的品格（3）证人的品格（b）其他犯罪、错误或行为 第 405 条证明品格的方法（a）名声或评价（b）特定行为实例 第 406 条习惯；日常工作 第 407 条随后的补救措施 第 408 条和解和要求和解 第 409 条支付医疗或类似费用 第 410 条答辩、答辩讨论和有关陈述不可采纳 第 411 条责任保险 第 412 条性犯罪案件；与被害人过去行为相关 第 5 章特权 第 501 条一般规则 第 6 章证人 第 601 条关于证人能力的一般规则 第 602 条缺乏亲身体验 第 603 条宣誓或郑重声明 第 604 条译员 第 605 条法官作为证人的能力 第 606 条陪审员作为证人的能力（a）参加审理（b）对陪审团裁决或起诉书合法性的调查 第 607 条谁可以提出质疑 第 608 条关于证人品格和行为的证据（a）关于品格的评价证据和名声证据（b）行为的具体实例 第 609 条以曾被定罪的证据提出质疑（a）一般规则（b）时间限制（c）赦免、撤销或证明恢复名誉的效果（d）未成年人的裁判（e）上诉未决 第 610 条宗教信仰或主张 第 611 条询问和举证的方式和次序（a）法庭控制（b）交叉询问的范围（c）诱导性问题 第 612 条使用书面材料来唤醒记忆 第 613 条证人先前的陈述（a）就证人先前的陈述进行询问（b）有关证人先前陈述不一致的外部证据 第 614 条法庭传唤和询问证人（a）法庭传唤证人（b）法庭询问（c）异议 第 615 条排除证人 第 7 章意见证据和专家证词 第 701 条一般证人的意见证词 第 702 条专家证词 第 703 条专家意见证词的基础 第 704 条关于最终争议的意见 第 705 条公开专家意见所依据的事实和数据 第 706 条法庭指定专家（a）指定（b）补偿（c）将指定公开（d）当事人自己选择专家 第 8 章传闻证据 第 801 条定义（a）陈述（b）陈述者（c）传闻（d）不是传闻的陈述（1）证人的先前陈述（2）为对立当事人承认 第 802 条传闻证据规则 第 803 条传闻证据的例外；陈述者可否作证无关 紧要（1）表达感觉印象（2）刺激的发泄（3）当时存在的精神、感情或身体状态（4）出于医疗诊断或治疗目的的陈述（5）被记录的回忆（6）关于日常行为、活动的记录（7）在第（6）项规定的记录中缺乏记载（8）公共记录或报告（9）重要统计资料（10）缺乏公共记录或没有记载（11）宗教组织的记录（12）婚姻、洗礼或类似证明（13）家庭记录（14）反映财产利益的文件记录（15）文件中反映财产利益的陈述（16）在陈年文件中的陈述（17）市场报告商业出版物（18）学术论文（19）关于个人或家庭历史的名声（20）关于边界和一般历史的名声（21）性格方面的名声（22）先前定罪的判决（23）关于个人、家庭、或一般历史、或边界的 判决（24）其他例外 第 804 条传闻证据的例外；陈述者不能到庭作证（a）不能出庭的定义（b）传闻证据的例外（1）先前证词（2）临终陈述（3）对己不利的陈述（4）关于个人或家史的陈述（5）其他例外 第 805 条传闻中的传闻 第 806 条攻击和支持陈述者的可信性 第 9 章鉴定和辨认 第 901 条要求鉴定或辨认（a）一般规定（b）说明（1）具有知识的人的证明（2）对笔迹的非专家意见（3）由审判者或专家证人进行比较（4）与众不同的特征或类似品质（5）声音辨认（6）声音通话（7）公共记录或报告（8）陈年文件或数据汇编（9）过程或系统（10）法律或规则规定的方法 第 902 条自我鉴定（1）国内盖有印章的公文（2）国内未盖印章的公文（3）外国公文（4）经证实的公共记录的副本（5）官方出版物（6）报纸和期刊（7）商品注册或类似标记（8）被承认的文件（9）商业票据和相关文件（10）根据国会立法推定 第 903 条不必要有补强证人证词 第 10 章文字、录音和照相的内容 第 1001 条定义（1）文字和录音（2）照相（3）原件（4）复制品 第 1002 条要求原件 第 1003 条复制品的可采性 第 1004 条其他关于内容的证据的可采性（1）原件遗失或毁坏（2）原件无法获得（3）原件在对方掌握中（4）附属事项 第 1005 条公共记录 第 1006 条摘要 第 1007 条当事人的证词或书面承认 第 1008 条法庭和陪审团的职能 第 11 章综合规则 第 1101 条规则的适用性（a）法院和治安法院（b）诉讼范围（c）关于特权的规则（d）不适用规则的情况（e）部分适用的规则 第 1102 条修改 第 1103 条标题 FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE I.SCOPE OF RULES ONE FORM OF ACTION Rule1 Scope and Purpose of Rules These rules govern the procedure in the United States district courts in all suits of a civil nature whether cognizable as cases at law or in equity or in admiralty,with the exceptions stated in Rule 81.They shall be construed and administered to secure the just,speedy,and inexpensive determination of every action.Rule 2 One Form of Action There shall be one form of action to be known as civil action.II.COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION;SERVICE OF PROCESS,PLEADINGS,MOTIONS,AND ORDERS Rule 3 Commencement of Action A civil action is commenced by filing a complaint with the court.Rule 4 Summons (a)Form.The summons shall be signed by the clerk,bear the seal of the court,identify the court and the parties,be directed to the defendant,and state the name and address of the plaintiffs attorney or,if unrepresented,of the plaintiff.It shall also state the time within which the defendant must appear and defend,and notify the defendant that failure to do so will result in a judgment by default against the defendant for the relief demanded in the complaint.The court may allow a summons to be amended.(b)Issuance.Upon or after filing the complaint,the plaintiff may present a summons to the clerk for signature and seal.If the summons is in proper form,the clerk shall sign,seal,and issue it to the plaintiff for service on the defendant.A summons,or a copy of the summons if addressed to multiple defendants,shall be issued for each defendant to be served.(c)Service with Complaint;by Whom Made.(1)A summons shall be served together with a copy of the complaint.The plaintiff is responsible for service of a summons and complaint within the time allowed under subdivision(m)and shall furnish the person effecting service with the necessary copies of the summons and complaint.(2)Service may be effected by any person who is not a party and who is at least 18 years of age.At the request of the plaintiff,however,the court may direct that service be effected by a United States marshal,deputy United States marshal,or other person or officer specially appointed by the court for the purpose.Such an appointment must be made when the plaintiff is authorized to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to1915 or is authorized to proceed as a seaman under1916(d)Waiver of Service;Duty to Save Costs of Service;Request to Waive.(1)A defendant who waives service of a summons does not thereby waive any objection to the venue or to the jurisdiction of the court over the person of the defendant.(2)An individual,corporation,or association that is subject to service under subdivision(e),(f),or(h)and that receives notice of an action in the manner provided in this paragraph has a duty to avoid unnecessary costs of serving the summons.To avoid costs,the plaintiff may notify such a defendant of the commencement of the action and request that the defendant waive service of a summons.The notice and request.(A)shall be in writing and shall be addressed directly to the defendant,if an individual,or else to an officer or managing or general agent(or other agent authorized by appointment or law to receive service of process)of a defendant subject to service under subdivision(h);(B)shall be dispatched through first-class mail or other reliable means;(C)shall be accompanied by a copy of the complaint and shall identify the court in which it has been filed;(D)shall inform the defendant,by means of a text prescribed in an official form promulgated pursuant to Rule 84,of the consequences of compliance and of a failure to comply with the request;(E)shall set forth the date on which request is sent;(F)shall allow the defendant a reasonable time to return the waiver,which shall be at least 30 days from the date on which the request is sent,or 60 days from that date if the defendant is addressed outside any judicial district of the United States;and (G)shall provide the defendant with an extra copy of the notice and request,as well as a prepaid means of compliance in writing.If a defendant located within the United States fails to comply with a request for waiver made by a plaintiff located within the United States,the court shall impose the costs subsequently incurred in effecting service on the defendant unless good cause for the failure be shown.(3)A defendant that,before being served with process,timely returns a waiver so requested is not required to serve an answer to the complaint until 60 days after the date on which the request for waiver of service was sent,or 90 days after that date if the defendant was addressed outside any judicial district of the United States.(4)When the plaintiff files a waiver of service with the court,the action shall proceed,except as provided in paragraph(3),as if a summons and complaint had been served at the time of filing the waiver,and no proofs of service shall be required.(5)The costs to be imposed on a defendant under paragraph(2)for failure to comply with a request to waive service of a summons shall include the costs subsequently incurred in effecting service under subdivision(e),(f),or(h),together with the costs,including a reasonable attorneys fee,of any motion required to collect the costs of service.(e)Service Upon Individuals Within a Judicial District of the United States.Unless otherwise provided by federal law,service upon an individual from whom a waiver has not been obtained and filed,other than an infant or an incompetent person,may be effected in any judicial district of the United States:(1)pursuant to the law of the state in which the district court is located,or in which service is effected,for the service of a summons upon the defendant in an action brought in the courts of general jurisdiction of the State;or (2)by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally or by leaving copies thereof at the individuals dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.(f)Service Upon Individuals in a Foreign Country.Unless otherwise provided by federal law,service upon an individual from whom a waiver has not been obtained and filed,other than an infant or an incompetent person,may be effected in a place not within any judicial district of the United States:(1)by any internationally agreed means reasonably calculated to give notice,such as those means authorized by the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents;or (2)if there is no internationally agreed means of service or the applicable international agreement allows other means of service,provided that service is reasonably calculated to give notice:(A)in the manner prescribed by the law of the foreign country for service in that country in an action in any of its courts of general jurisdiction;or (B)as directed by the foreign authority in response to a letter rogatory or letter of request;or (C)unless prohibited by the law of the foreign country,by (i)delivery to the individual personally of a copy of the summons and the complaint;or (ii)any form of mail requiring a signed receipt,to be addressed and dispatched by the clerk of the court to the party to be served;or (3)by other means not prohibited by international agreement as may be directed by the court.(g)Service Upon Infants and Incompetent Person.Service upon an infant or an incompetent person in a judicial district of the United States shall be effected in the manner prescribed by the law of the state in which the service is made for the service of summons or like process upon any such defendant in an action brought in the courts of general jurisdiction of that state.Service upon an infant or an incompetent person in a place not within any judicial district of the United States shall be effected in the manner prescribed by paragraph(2)(A)or(2)(B)of subdivision(f)or by such means as the court may direct.(h)Service Upon Corporations and Associations.Unless otherwise provided by federal law,service upon a domestic or foreign corporation or upon a partnership or other unincorporated association that is subject to suit under a common name,and from which a waiver of service has not been obtained and filed,shall be effected:(1)in a judicial district of the United States in the manner prescribed for individuals by subdivision(e)(1),or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer,a managing or general agent,or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process and,if the agent is one authorized by statute to receive service and the statute so requires,by also mailing a copy to the defendant,or (2)in a place not within any judicial district of the United States in any manner prescribed for individuals by subdivision(f)except personal delivery as provided in paragraph(2)(C)(i)thereof.(i)Serving the United States,Its Agencies,Corporations,Officers,or Employees.(1)Service upon the United States shall be effected (A)by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the United States attorney for the district in which the action is brought or to an assistant United States attorney or clerical employee designated by the United States attorney in a writing filed with the clerk of the court or by sending a copy of the summons and of the complaint by registered or certified mail addressed to the civil process clerk at the office of the United States attorney and(B)by also sending a copy of the summons and of the complaint by registered or certified mail to the Attorney General of the United States at Washington,District of Columbia,and (C)in any action attacking the validity of an order of an officer or agency of the United States not made a party,by also sending a copy of the summons and of the complaint by registered or certified mail to the officer or agency.(2)(A)Service on an agency or corporation of the United States,or an officer or employee of the United States sued only in an official capacity,is effected by serving the United States in the manner prescribed by Rule 4(i)(1)and by also sending a copy of the summons and complaint by registered or certified mail to the officer,employee,agency,or corporation.(B)Service on an officer or employee of the United States sued in an individual capacity for acts or omissions occurring in connection with the performance of duties on behalf of the United States whether or not the officer or employee is s
