2021届中山市四沙中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案.pdf

2021 届中山市四沙中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A A medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted.Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule.Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis,with sensors that“feel,”and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.But in practice,Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch(从头开始)is costly,time-consuming and requires advanced skills.“The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,”said Valdastri in an interview.“And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch,which didnt make sense.”Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components:a microprocessor,communication submodules,an energy source,sensors,and actuators(致动器),Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease.They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos.The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule,down to about 14 mm.Additionally,they compiled(编译)a library of components that designers could choose from,enabling hundreds of different combinations.They arranged it all in a free online system.Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch,people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,”Valdastri said.Now,the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding.Researchers at Scotlands Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠).One research group,led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong,is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.One limitation of Valdastris system is that its only for designing models.Researchers can confirm their hypotheses(假设)and do first design using the platform,but will need to move to a custom approach to develop their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.1.According to the passage,Valdastri and his team created the platform to _.A.adopt the latest technologies B.make their robots dream come true C.help build specialized capsule robots D.do preciser observation and diagnosis 2.What does the underlined phrase“work in concert”mean in Para.3?A.Perform live.B.Run independently.C.Act in a cooperative way.D.Carry on step by step.3.What can be learnt from the passage?A.Valdastris system cant provide a complete capsule creation.B.The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.C.The capsules can move in humans body automatically.D.It costs more to module the capsules on the board.B Jose Hernandez made his dream of becoming an astronaut a reality and he did so despite unbelievable difficulties“I was workingin a field near Stockton,and I heard on my radio that Franklin Chang-Diaz had been selected for the Astronaut Corps,said Jose,who was a senior in high school at the timed was already interested in science and engineering,Jose remembered,but that was the moment I said,I want to fly in space.As one of four children in a migrant（移民）farming family from Mexico,Jose-who didnt learn English until he was 12 years old-spent much of his childhood traveling with his family from Mexico to southern California each March,then working northward to the Stockton area by November,picking strawberries and cucumbers at farms along the route.They would then return to Mexico for Christmas and start the cycle all over again in the spring.Some kids might think it would be fun to travel like that,“Jose laughed,but we had to work”.After graduating from high school,Jose was admitted into the University of the Pacific,In 1987,he accepted a full-time job with Lawrence National Laboratory.In 2001,Jose joinedtheJohnson Space Center,where he came face-to-face with Franklin Chang-Diaz.“We actually had common experiences asimilar upbringing,the same language issues.That built up my confidence.Any barriers that existed,he had already overcome them.”Jose smiled.Now its my tum!,“NASA rejected me not once,not twice,not three times but 11 times.It wasnt until the 12th time that I got selected,he said.Jose was selected as part of the 19th class of astronauts in 2004.He circled the globe 217 times but remains a down to Earth guy.Jose Hernandez received the 2016 National Hispanic Hero Award and he continues his long history in the field of engineering and space.4.What made Jose determined to be an astronaut?A.The influence of Astronaut Corps.B.The success of Franklin Chang-Diaz.C.His interest in science and engineering.D.The experience of working in the field.5.What can we learn about Jose as a child?A.He did much farm work.B.He travelled a lot for fun.C.He hated learning English.D.He obeyed his family in everything.6.How did Jose feel when he met FranklinChang-Diaz personally?A.Inspired.B.Valued.C.Relaxed.D.Puzzled.7.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Climb over Barriers B.Reach for the Stars C.Work the Hard Way D.Learn from Your Past C There have been many fine films over the past several years aboutcharacters struggling with Alzheimers disease.But few of them have gone as deeply and frighteningly into the corners of adeterioratingmind as The Father,a powerful new drama built around a spellbinding performance from Anthony Hopkins.At this point in his long career,Hopkinswould seem to have exhausted his ability to surprise us,but his work here is nothing short of astonishing.His character,also named Anthony,is 80 years old and has dementia.At the beginning of the movie,his daughter,Anne played by Olivia Colman stops by hisLondonapartment to check on him.Her fathers condition has taken a turn for the worse,and his temper has become severe enough to send his latest live in nurse packing.Anthony is stubborn and defiant and insists that he can manage on his own.But thats clearly not the case,given his habit of misplacing his things and his inability to remember names and faces,Annes included.As The Father goes on,the more it becomes clear that its his own mind thats playing tricks on him.What makes the movie so unsettling is the way it wires us directly into his subjective experience,so that the foundations of the story seem to shift at random from scene to scene.A man suddenly appears in the apartment,claiming to be Annes husband,which is odd,since just a few moments earlier,Anne seemed to be single.Anne goes out shopping for groceries,but when she returns,shes played not by Olivia Colman but by another actress,Olivia Williams.Even the apartment itself begins to shift.You notice puzzling differences-wasnt there a lamp on that hallway table just a moment ago?The story in The Father may be complicated but its also heartbreakingly simple:man grows old and loses his memory,and his daughter,after lifetime of love and devotion,must begin the long painful process of saying goodbye.Hopkinsshows us Anthonys struggle to keep his sense about him.Its a striking performance-and an impossible one to forget.8.What does the underlined word“deteriorating”mean in the first paragraph?A.Worsening.B.Narrowing.C.Recovering.D.Improving.9.What do we learn about the character Anthony in the movie?A.He can take care of himself B.He drives away the nurses.C.He is easy-going and forgetful.D.He lives with his daughter all the time.10.The shift of scenes in the movie is designed to .A.build the dramatic tension in the family.B.show off the well-designed story line.C.frighten the movie-goers with mysterious plot.D.involve the viewers into thedisordered memories.11.What does the author think ofHopkins?A.He has run out of his talent.B.He is not suitable for the role C.He masterly plays the old man.D.He presents an odd performance.D Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer.He apologized for lack of training,but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conradys Applied Optics and Optical Design,one for his office and a second for his bedside table,he was hired on the spot.Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahls Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as black boxes,although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties.Buchdahls book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics,but it is not about how to design lenses.It is,however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designers needs very much in mind.Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems.Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory,as such,has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design.The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance.The indirect effects have been large,however,both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other,more practical,theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist,but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory.Buchdahls approach has,over the last decade,had a major impact on modern lens design with computers.Thus,he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical,and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician.From the point of view of many physicists and engineers,it will appear to be quite mathematical.Moreover,this is a tightly written book.The subject matter is developed with precision,and the author expects the reader,at very point,to be master of the preceding exposition.12.Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of _.A.newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light B.very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers C.too much mathematical detail in the theory D.not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters 13.The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to _.A.the students who are major in mathematical geometry B.those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems C.the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs D.those who are interested in physics 14.The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is _.A.indirect ways of learning mathematics B.a fundamental power within the theory C.the conceptual elegance of the theory D.the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems 15.This passage is probably excerpted from _.A.a review of a book B.a chemistry textbook C.an opticians essay D.a general science text 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day,littering(乱丢废物）is often taken lightly.But its more severe than we may think._16_This seems to be a completely harmless action due to the fact that if s part of a fruitright?Actually,no.A banana peel(皮）can take up to two years to decompose(分解)，and with a third of drivers admitting to littering while driving,thats a whole lot of banana peels,or much worse.An orange peel or a cigarette butt has a similar decomposing term to that of a banana.But tin and aluminium(铝）cans last up to 100 years._17_ Its true that longer-lasting materials will damage the environment and its animals for longer._18_For example,despite its fairly short decomposing term,more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is discarded(丢弃）in the UK every day.Besides，our annual littering,which has increased by 500 percent since the 1960s,has caused the UK*s rat population to increase by 60 million.Its not a cheap habit either:_19_So,ifs not surprising that if caught littering you could face a 20,000 fine or even jail time and,if you throw away something dangerous,the court could give you five years to serve.The punishments might seem severe._20_So we still have some way to go in making sure people follow the rules.To take back our beautiful countryside and cities we need to do more than simply not littering.We need to truly care more about the world around us.A.Banana peels are among the most frequent littered stuff.B.But fear of the environmental impact of litter is on the rise.C.Imagine throwing a banana peel out of your car while driving.D.UKtaxpayers pay 500 million in order to keep our streets clean.E.And plastic bottles last forever,as do glass bottles and plastic bags.F.However,among the reported cases only 2,000 out of 825,000 were punished.G.But we cant simply measure the seriousness of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 I was working on a novel based on the lives of chimpanzees(黑猩猩).To_21_them,I read every book written by Dr.Jane Goodall.One day,while visiting the website about chimpanzees,I_22_the chance to complete a six month internship(实习)with the Jane Goodall Institute(JGI)in Tanzania._23_having a full time job,I knew I had to go.I was offered an unpaid internship after_24_.But then my logical mind jumped in,“You cant_25_.What are you going to do with your house and your life?”The_26_were continuous,so I hesitated.I wanted answers to my questions about why this trip_27_so much to me,why I had so much_28_and what would happen if I let go of my_29_version of life.I did have answers in my heart that helped me walk through my fear and take on a new_30_.So after several weeks struggle,I_31_made my decision.I drove to my company headquarters and_32_.Soon I boarded a plane toTanzania.On the trip,my heart pounded with_33_ unsure of what Id find at my_34_.During my six-month internship,I slowly_35_my soul.I met wonderful friends and completed several community projects for JGI.I also visited Gombe which is home to chimpanzees and the_36_staff there who offered to take us