2021届东莞厚街湖景中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及参考答案.pdf

2021 届东莞厚街湖景中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A The Origins of Famous Brands Our lives are full of brand names and trademarked products that we use every day.Although many brand names are simple acronyms(首字母缩略词)or versions of their founders names,some of the companies we trust every day actually have fascinating and surprising back stories.Starbucks It seems fitting that the most famous coffee brand in the world would take its name from one of the worlds greatest works of literature.The inspiration for the name of the coffeehouse came from Herman MelvillesMoby Dick.The founders original idea was to name the company after the Captain Ahabs ship,but they eventually decided that Pequot wasnt a great name for coffee,so they chose Ahabs first mate,Starbucks,as the name instead.Google Google was originally called Backrub,for it searched for links in every corner of the Web.In 1997,when the founders of the company were searching for a new name showing a huge amount of data for their rapidly improving search technology,a friend suggested the word“googol”.When a friend tried to register the new domain(域)name,he misspelled“googol”as“google”.Nike Originally founded as a distributor for Japanese running shoes,the company was originally named BRS,or Blue Ribbon Sports.In 1971,BRS introduced its own soccer shoe,a model called Nike,which is alsothe name for the Greek goddess of victory.In 1978,the company officially renamed itself as Nike,Inc.The right name is essential to a companys success,and a great origin story is just as important as a great product.An attractive origin story is one more thing that keeps customers guessing,wondering,and buying its products.1.What is the name of the Captain Ahabs ship?A.Moby Dick.B.Starbucks.C.Pequot.D.Herman Melville.2.Why did the founders of the Google want to change its name?A.They mistook their name.B.They wanted new customers.C.The companys original name was too long.D.The companys search technology was improving rapidly.3.Where does the importance of the origin story of one company lie in?A.It can change the companys image.B.It can add myth to the company.C.It explains the development of the company to customers.D.It makes customers imagine and purchase its goods.B A growing body of research is revealing associations between birth defects(缺陷)and a fathers age,alcohol use and environmental factors,say researchers atGeorgetown University Medical Center.They say these defects result from epigenetic changes that can potentially affect multiple generations.The study,published in theAmerican Journal of Stem Cells,suggest both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring a common sense conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate,says the studys senior investigator,Joanna Kitlinska,PhD,an associate professor in biochemistry,and molecular and cellular biology.“We know the nutritional,hormonal and psychological environment provided by the mother permanently influences organ structure,cellular response and gene expression in her offspring,”she says.“But our study shows the same thing to be true with fathers his lifestyle,and how old he is,can be reflected in molecules that control gene function,”she says.“In this way,a father can affect not only his immediate offspring,but future generations as well.”For example,a newborn can be diagnosed with fetal(胎儿的)alcohol spectrum disorder(FASD),even though the mother has never consumed alcohol,Kitlinska says.“Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics,suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring.”Advanced age of a father is correlated with elevated rates of certain diseases,and birth defects in his children.A limited diet during a fathers preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren.Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells,changes in metabolic regulation,diabetes,obesity and development of brain cancer.Psychosocial stress on the father is linked to defective behavioral traits in his offspring.And paternal alcohol use leads to decreased newborn birth weight,marked reduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.“This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinically applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations,”Kitlinska says.“And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child,we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects,as opposed to considering each in isolation.”4.Whats the message the writer conveys in the passage?A.Both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring.B.Fathers age and lifestyle are tied to birth defects.C.Father plays a more critical role in birth defects.D.Birth defects can potentially affect multiple generations.5.What can we infer from the example in Paragraph 5?A.FASD can only be diagnosed in a newborn whose father is addicted to alcohol.B.A newborn will not contract FASD if his mother has never consumed alcohol.C.A fathers lifestyle can negatively impact his offspring.D.Most children have biological fathers who are alcoholics.6.Which of the following situations is less likely to lead to childrens birth defects?A.Having a father with a limited diet.B.Having a father who is an alcoholic.C.Having an overweight father.D.Having a father with psychosocial stress.7.What will the research probably continue to focus on in the part that follows?A.The maternal epigenetic influences of a child.B.The ways to avoid negative paternal influence on children.C.The clinical application of the research findings.D.The interaction between maternal and paternal effects.C When visitors enter Planet Word,a new museum in Washington,D.C,they will see Speaking Willow,a tall art piece representing a tree.As they pass under the artwork,they can hear recordings of speech in hundreds of languages coming from the tree.Most words sound foreign to the listeners.The different voices also speak at the same time.The resultingclamoris similar to that made in a crowded theater before a show begins.Rafael Lozano-Hemmer completed the piece last year.On his website,the artist says that Speaking Willow“reminds us that language is what defines our specific communities and connects our many cultures.”Lozano-Hemmer made the piece specially for the museum.It is the first of many immersive(身临其境的)experiences for visitors at Planet Word,a museum all about words and language.The exhibits playfully explore the lager and complex subject of language.In one room,a video plays,showing babies saying their first words.Another room,called“Where Do Words Come From”,teaches the history of some common English words.The space includes a 22-foot-tali“Wall of Words”,where visitors speak into devices and learn about the roots of the English language.Another room invites listeners to speak and learn about different languages.Native speakers of 28 languages and two sign languages teach people sayings in those languages.They also explain how language shapes their understanding of the world and how words cannot be separated from culture.Other rooms explore the different ways language is used from humor and song writing to public speaking and advertising.Visitors can sing karaoke while learning about song writing,record a famous speech,play a joke-telling game,and teach a computer how to make cartoons.Almost every exhibit is interactive and most ask visitors to speak aloud.One exhibit room is all about books.It is designed to look like an old,rich library.Books line the shelves.When a book is placed on the table,a recorded reading begins and pictures appear.8.What does the underlined word“clamor”in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Scene.B.Noise.C.Language.D.Appearance.9.The SpeakingWillowwas created _.A specially B.accidentally C.on request D.out of curiosity 10.What can we learn from the video in the room?A.Words and cultures.B.Different languages.C.The history of words.D.The first words newborns say.11.In which paragraph can you find the methods of using languages?A.3.B.4.C.6.D.7.D A cheap printed sensor could transmit wildfire warnings.Wildfires have recently destroyed regions across the world,and theirgravityis increasing.Hoping to reduce harm,researchersled by Yapei Wang,a Chinese chemist ofRenminUniversity,say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such fires earlier with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness,which can delay an effective response.Most wildfires are reported by the general public,and other alerts come from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers.Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something,but“the fire first appears on the ground,Wang says.“When you see the fire from the sky,it is too late.”The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is a dramatic temperature increase.That heat also powers the sensor itself,without replacing batteries.The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just$0.40.But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial to address,says Graham Kent,an earthquake expert at theUniversityofNevada,Reno,who was not part of the study.Kentis director of ALERTWildfire,a network that uses cameras and crowd sourcing to watch for fires inCalifornia,NevadaandOregon.“The whole way that you respond to a fire until its put out is like a ballet,he says.“Youd have to choreograph(设计)it just so,with resources precisely used at the right time and place and in the right order from detection to confirmation to assignment to extinguishment(熄灭).Fire detection is just step one.Wang says his teams next steps are to extend the devicessignal range beyond the current 100 meters,which can limit practical use,and to develop a protective shield for it.The transmitters effectiveness,he notes,will also need to be examined in the field ahead.12.What does the underlined word“gravity”in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Pull.B.Extinction.C.Popularity.D.Severity.13.What do we know about the sensor?A.Its price remains high.B.Its batteries are replaceable.C.It can detect fires earlier and easier.D.It can reduce firefighters pain.14.What doesKentmean in paragraph 4?A.Firefighting is easy but crucial.B.Fire detection resources are rich.C.Putting out a fire is an orderly activity.D.Technology is the key to extinguishing a fire.15.Whats the plan for the new sensor according to Wang?A.Improving and testing it.B.Limiting its use and transmission.C.Examing and reducing its signal range.D.Getting it on the market ahead of time.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Are you consciously designing your life?Do you really understand what that means and how to do it?This matters because when online marketers are selling their services or products,theyll give you the time and financial freedom._16_It is important for you to understand what designing your life actually looks like and how to do it effectively.Get clear on what you want.At the core of designing your life is the question of what you actually want and what will help you wake up excited to live every day._17_ Create a plan.Think about your life like a beautiful work of architecture.A bunch of builders didnt just walk out there one day and start throwing things together in the hope that something nice would turn out._18_And they did it long before they ever even broke ground on building it.Be flexible and open-minded.Even when there is a plan in place,those who live the most fulfilled and joyful lives are those who are flexible and open-minded to change and new opportunities._19_It is that fluid(流动的)nature of life that brings uncertainty and adventure into the picture.Therefore,the plans you make today may no longer be relevant tomorrow._20_We live in a society where“busy”is celebrated.The problem is that when busy becomes your way ofliving,the things you care most about have a way of getting buried under others.Thats why the art of learning to say“no”more often is necessary if you want to start designing your life.One truth about life is that you cant do two things at onceat least not effectively.A.Say“no”more often.B.Then you need to create your“life by design”.C.There exists a culture where“no”has a negative suggestion.D.To achieve this,you have to make it clear what you exactly want.E.Many aspects of your lifeare constantly developing and changing.F.Be like the architect and take the time to create the plan before you start.G.Instead,they did the dull work of mapping out every single detail of that structure.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 That was a happy evening for the little Down syndrome(唐氏症)girl a teenager the size of a ten-year-old.She and her family were_21_themselves at McDonalds.She made her way to the restroom.Her younger,but_22_,brother sat quietly.He noticed something,which_23_,she had not noticed.Four teenagers had taken an interest in the little girl the moment they_24_her.They were openly laughing and pointing.The brother_25_for his sister.He walked to the guys.They paledslightly and looked alarmed when this total stranger their_26_by a year or two placed his hands_27_on their table.They studied each other while he was clearly in their_28_,and while they were most definitely out of their comfort zones.The brother_29_with one hand for one of them to move over.He_30_to sit right down next to them.Somewhat in_31_,and caught completely unprepared,they made space for him.“I was watching you making fun of my sister,”he quietly_32_them.All four stumbled(磕磕绊绊)over their words in their rush.“Who?That was your sister?We werent making fun of her!We_33_we would never_34_ anyone.We just felt sorry for her.”But he told them again,“I watched you.”They_35_,knowing they had been caught red-handed and maybe even realizing their_36_and cruelness.Maybe they even sense the love this brother had for his sister.The brother turned_37_them and then he said_38_“I feel sorry for people like YOU!”Then he walked away.When the sister went back to her seat,the four looked away,_39_sure they looked ly anywhere_40_that little girl.21.A.caring B.cooking C.enjoying D.helping 22.A.elder B.smaller C.bigger D.smarter 23.A.thankfully B.hopefully C.greatly D.cautiously 24.A.robbed B.spotted C.blocked D.caught 25.A.made up B.put up C.took up D.stood up 26.A.colleague B.class C.group D.junior 27.A.cautiously B.carefully C.strangely D.ly 28.A.turn B.mind C.space D.view 29.A.remarked B.signed C.drew D.fought 30.A.intended B.promised C.agreed D.ordered 31.A.joy B.surprise C.peace D.pride 32.A.informed B.commanded C.convinced D.ordered 33.A.resist B.complain C.swear D.insist 34.A.look up at B.look up to C.look down a