2021届上海桐柏高级中学高三英语期末试题及答案解析.pdf

2021 届上海桐柏高级中学高三英语期末试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Experts say that if food were a country,it would rank second behind theUSas one of the biggest greenhouse gas polluters.The reason is the rising demand for meat.Animal farming is responsible for 14.5 percent of global methane emissions.While cowsare the worst contributors,pigs,sheep,donkeys and other animals play a part as well.Animal agriculture also causes land to become damaged,water to be polluted and forests to get destroyed.With the world population forecast to rise to 9.8 billion by 2050,things are only looking worse for our already decreasing natural resources.While going vegetarian would help,meat consumption is too deep-rooted in most Western diets to allow for such a sharp,permanent change.That is why experts are advocating substituting some of the beef,chicken,or pork with ordinary insects!Insects,which grow into adults within a matter of months,if not weeks,are ready for consumption much faster than domestic animals.They also require much less room,use less water and food,and produce far less greenhouse gas than animals.Of the 1.1 million insect species worldwide,scientists have identified 1,700 as eatable.Among them are ants,grasshoppers,grubs,and earthworms.Just like animals,each insect has a different taste.Tree worms taste just like pork,and grubs are similar to smoked meat.While eating insects might be a new concept for Western people,over 2 billion people worldwide consume insects as a regular part of their diet.Besides being delicious,insects are high in protein,have very few calories,and are free of the saturated fat found in animal meat.Insects can be prepared in many ways.Creative cooks can use them to cook protein-rich soup,make baked treats,and even fry a few with vegetables.So eat insects-both your body and Mother Earth will thank you for it!1.Which of the following animals contribute the most to global methane emissions?A.Sheep.B.Donkeys.C.Cows.D.Pigs.2.How is the third paragraph developed?A.By making comparisons.B.By providing examples.C.By listing data.D.By asking questions.3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Few people eat insects regularly.B.Ordinary insects are high in fat.C.Insects contain various vitamins.D.Saturated fat is harmful to health.B The World Wildlife Fund(WWF)says more than half of the worlds wildlife population has been lost,whichthe conservation group says has placed the health of the planet at risk.The WWF recently released its 10th Flagship Living Planet Report.The group warns the condition of the worlds animals is worse than its earlier reports showed,indicating worldwide action is needed.The WWF is worried about the loss of and damage to Earths environment.The report provides information about more than 10,000 animal populations from 1970 to 2010.These populations are called“vertebrate species,”or animals with backbones like fish,birds,mammals,amphibians and reptiles.The report shows these populations have dropped by 52 percent in just 40 years.It warns freshwater species have fallen by 76 percent,which is almost twice the loss of land and ocean species.Most of these losses are in the tropics,with the biggest drop inLatin America.Marco Lambertini,the WWFs International Director-General said,“This is about losing natural habitats.This is aboutconvertingforests,grasslands,and wetlands into agriculture mainly,and it is about unsustainable use of wildlife.Illegal hunting has been actually increasing over the last 10 years,which definitely a driving force for extinction,particularly of large species.”The report also notes what it calls the worlds“Ecological Footprint”,that is,the effect of human activities on the planet.Mr.Lambertini says there has been an increase in carbon dioxide gases and the pouring of nitrogen into oceans and rivers from fertilizers used in agriculture,which certainly cannot continue.“We are consuming on average every year about the equivalent of about 1.5,one and a half times the resources available to the planet.That means we are cutting trees more quickly than they can be restored.We are fishing the oceans more quickly than fishing stocks can reproduce,and we are emitting in the atmosphere more CO2than the natural systems can actually absorb,which is clearly not sustainable.”Mr.Lambertini warns climate change affects almost everyone on the planet and that whole species may disappear if the world does not reduce the effects of humans on the climate.4.According to the passage,what kind of species faces the biggest drop in population?A.Land and ocean species.B.Animals with backbones.C.Freshwater species inLatin America.D.Freshwater species in the tropics.5.All the following can contribute to the loss of worlds wildlife population EXCEPT _.A.turning wildlife habitats into agriculture land.B.making sustainable use of wildlife.C.hunting illegally.D.emitting CO2 gases and pouring nitrogen.6.Which does the underlined word“converting”in paragraph 4 mean?A.Conserving.B.Conveying.C.Exchanging.D.Transforming.7.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A.Marco is much concerned about humans current behaviors towards wildlife.B.what the planet provides now can satisfy humans sustainable development.C.more than half of the worlds wildlife population has been lost.D.if humans reduce the effects on the climate,the whole species will not disappear.C When Chip heard the mail truck arriving on his sixth birthday,herushed outnot knowing that hed come back with a treasure.Outside the house,which was decorated with birthday balloons,postwoman Shelley held a pile of boxes.One was marked with Chips name and a greeting for his Special day,November 5.“So,”when he came running out the door,she said,“You must be Chip!”And he said,“Yes.”She said,“Todays your birthday?”And he started smiling.Shelley said,“So,let me see if I can find you something for your birthday.”She checked her pocket and surprised him with a gift:a dollar bill and four quarters.On this day,the 42-year-old postwoman made one little boy very happy.“He was very excited,”said his mom,Bonnie.“He came running back in the house just waving his money.”Chip is saving up to buy a Spider-man action figure.“Our family has had money problems since I lost my job.Gestures like that are valuable memories.”Her hope is that Chip and his eight-year-old sister,Bennett,will remember this when they grow up.“Not the ugly that is out there right now,but the good and the kind and the giving.”A photo of a smiling Chip and Shelley next to the mail truck has been shared widely on social media.Shelley said she was just trying to give back,because people are often nice to her eight-year-old son,Joshua.On a recent day,Chip heard the mail truck and rushed out again,this time to deliver an envelope with a thank-you card for his favorite mail carrier.Since that day,the families have kept in contact.Shelley has struggled to find someone who can take care of her son,and Bonnie has agreed to watch him at her home while his mom is on her mail route.8.Why did Chip rush out when he heard the mail truck the first time?A.To thank the postwoman.B.To get a gift box mailed to him.C.To receive birthday wishes from the driver.D.To watch the mail truck.9.What did Shelley do to make Chip happy?A.She gave him some pocket money.B.She sent him some birthday balloons.C.She presented him with a greeting card.D.She bought him a Spider-man action figure.10.What is Chips mothers attitude towards Shelley?A.Grateful.B.Curious.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.11.What does Chips mother do to help Shelley?A.She offers to deliver the mails for her.B.She often helps drive her mail truck.C.She looks after her son when she is at work.D.She posts pictures of her mail truck on social media.D A Bridge Linking Art and the Audience According to a 2018 report,people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers.Similarly,people aged over35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size.We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but havent yet determined how to bridge the gap.Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways.In 2018,a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience.It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics.Art history is about storytelling;art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion.More traditional institutions are paying attention.Recently theGettyMuseumissued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home.Users displayed incredible creativity,and the museum was flooded with submissions.This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing.Since many people feelintimidatedand think that theres a base level of understanding required to join the conversation,the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks.The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite,for example,made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings.His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures.It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art.Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table.Anyone can recognise a gap in the field and address it.Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers.They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories,and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within.We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections.We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board.Ensuring that art-and writing and talking about art-is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers,inside and outside of institutions,getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part.12.What challenge is the author trying to tackle?A.People doubt a great diversity of artworks.B.Fewer and fewer young people go to museums.C.Art appears too distant from common audience.D.Adult audience has a different understanding of art.13.What does the underlined word“intimidated”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Tired.B.Worried.C.Annoyed.D.Surprised.14.In the authors opinion,the museums and galleries should _.A.make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way.B.change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge.C.limit the number of storytellers both in and out of institutions.D.improve the permanent collections by adding famous artworks.15.We can conclude from the passage that common audience _.A.lacks the channels to understand and talk about art history.B.prefers to view artworks and hear art stories on social media.C.feels satisfied with people and interests represented on board.D.refuses to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Weight loss is a hard topic.Lots of people arent satisfied with their present weight,but most people arent sure how to change it.You may want to look like the models or actors in magazines or on TV,but those goals might not be healthy or realistic for you._16_So what should you do about your weight control?Being healthy is really about being at a weight that is right for you.The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to a doctor or dietitian._17_If it turns out that you can benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions listed below to get started._18_People who lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measures usually gain back all of the pounds they lost,because they havent permanently changed their habits.Therefore,the best weight management ways are those that you can maintain for a lifetime.Small changes are a lot easier to stick with than large ones.Try reducing the size of what you eat._19_Once you have that done,start gradually introducing healthier foods and exercise into your life._20_ A.Try giving up regular soda for a week.B.Weight management is about long-term success.C.Try to pay attention as you eat and stop when you re full.D.Besides,no magical diet will make you look like someone else.E.Changing from whole to nonfat or low-fat milk is a better choice.F.Its a good idea to maintain a healthy weight because its just that:healthy.G.They will compare your weight with healthy standards and help you set goals.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on stress management.As she raised a glass of water,everyone in the class_21_they would be asked the“half-empty or half-full”question._22_,with a smile on her face,she asked the students,“How_23_do you think this glass of water weighs?”Answers called out_24_from 100ml to 300ml.She quieted the students down and then replied,“It does not matter on the weight.It_25_on how long you hold it.If I hold it for a minute,it is OK.If I hold it for an hour,I will have an ache in my right_26_.If I hold it for a day,my arm will feel numb.In each case,the_27_of the glass of water doesnt change,but the_28_I hold it,the heavier it becomes.Why?”Lost in_29_,all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully.“Our_30_and worries in life are like that glass of water.If we_31_our burdens all the time,sooner or later,we will feel exhausted,even_32_to carry on._33_you have to do is put all your burdens down,as_34_in the evening as possible.Dont carry_35_through the evening into the night;by doing this,we can get_36_next morning and are able to move forward.More_37_than not,life gets terrible when we think too much.And the moment you_38_your burdens,youll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed.So rather than being upset and feeling_39_for yourself,start doing something about it.After all,life is too short to_40_yourself to anything that is not making you happy.21.A.wondered B.agreed C.expected D.argued 22.A.Instead B.Meanwhile C.Anyhow D.Therefore 23.A.full B.little C.heavy D.much 24.A.replied B.ranged C.read D.remained 25.A.holds B.calls C.takes D.depends 26.A.finger B.foot C.arm D.leg 27.A.shape B.function C.size D.weight 28.A.