2021年荆门市海慧中学高三英语下学期期中考试试题及答案解析.pdf

2021 年荆门市海慧中学高三英语下学期期中考试试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A You might not expect it,but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change.Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass,Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago.But this work was done in a laboratory,there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.In the lab studies,the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed,and they would cause losing weight.That wasnt helpful,since cows are often sold by weight.It also wasnt clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.Now,scientists from the University of California,Davis have answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months.They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood,which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off.This time,they used a much smaller amount of seaweed,which they mixed with the cows food.The results were surprisingly good.In some cases,the cows produced 82%less methane.The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given,but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33%less methane.Over the five months,the scientists didnt see any signs that the cows stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows.The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows,but they didnt need as much food.But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed.For one thing,theres notadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world.So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives,cows live in fields,where they eat the grass.That means theres no chance to feed them seaweed every day.These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still,its true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.1.Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A.To control the amount of seaweed.B.To record the weight cows gained.C.To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.D.To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.2.The underlined word“adequate”means _.A.common B.special C.lacking D.enough 3.The passage is written to _.A.appeal to people not to raise the cows B.encourage people to plant the seaweed C.remind people of controlling cows weight D.call on people to take actions to reduce the pollution B Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They dont listen because they already know it all,I was lucky:I became a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didnt realize then,but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As 1 flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,I learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理),or CRM,a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result,regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying;I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn,he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架)down.He was a better pilotand my bossso it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to:Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness sand said,we need to put the landing gear down now!That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesnt overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when Im in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them,someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.4.What does the author say about doctors in general?A.They like flying by themselves.B.They are quick learners of CRM.C.They pretend to be good pilots.D.They are unwilling to take advice.5.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .A.his boss landed the plane too late B.he was in charge of a flying task C.he saved the plane by speaking up D.his boss operated on a patient 6.In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means .A.following flying requirements B.making a mistake that may cost lives C.listening to what fellow doctors say D.overreacting to different opinions 7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe B.A Pilot-Turned Doctor C.The Making of a Good Pilot D.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C“My P.E.teacher taught me maths.”It has been a common joke for years but when a P.E.teacher applied for the head-teacher job,many parents worried that“the joke could come true”.Some parents asked,“Does the P.E.teacher know maths and English?If not,how is he supposed to tutor the students?”But there were still parents who believed P.E.teachers had more time to discipline the students since they didnt have many classes.This concern is actually a“subject bias”,that is,choosing a P.E.teacher as the head-teacher is not good for the students grades since he doesnt know Chinese,maths,or English.It is acceptable for Chinese teachers,maths teachers and English teachers to be head-teachers because these subjects are important to entrance exams and scores.Such a concern reflects parents anxiety in the current educational environment,which tends to link the head-teachers responsible subject with the facts whether the school cares about the class and the childrens performances in the subject.Many people care about their kids academic performances only.They dont care about their kids P.E.performance at all.Even if kids have P.E.classes,parents care little.P.E.teachers are in humble position and their classes are often occupied by other teachers.Of course,if students,P.E.performance is related to grades and entrance exams,parents wont mind“a P.E.teacher being the head-teacher”.At the moment,P.E.is gradually included in entrance exams.In terms of high school entrance examination,Guangzhouwill launch a new high school entrance exam which includes P.E.performance and Health examination in 2021,raising the score to 70 points.In terms of the college entrance examination,universities having the right of independent enrollments added P.E.tests to their entrance exams in 2019.This practice is seen as an important signal that the assessment of physical fitness and athletic ability,which are important aspects of a students overall quality,may be included in the college entrance examination in the future.We hope that its a trend for P.E.teachers,music teachers and art teachers to become head-teachers.8.By saying“My P.E.teacher taught me maths”,what does the author intend to show us?A.It is just a joke that seldom happened in reality.B.P.E.teachers hardly assist students in maths.C.P.E.teachers are good at teaching maths.D.Parents doubt the ability of P.E.teacher.9.We can infer from paragraph 2 that a P.E.teacher .A.is of little benefit for students academic performance B.is humbler than Chinese,math or English teachers C.reflects whether the school cares about the class D.gets unfairly judged due to the current educational system 10.Why doesGuangzhouraise proportion of P.E.performance in high school entrance examination?A.To raise students awareness of physical health.B.To call on parents to pay attention to P.E.teachers.C.To test the overall ability of high school students.D.To make P.E.teachers equal with other teachers.11.What opinion does the author hold towards P.E.teachers working as head-teachers?A.Neutral.B.Unexpected.C.Supportive.D.Critical.D A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process(衰老过程).Researchers say that getting older should not necessarily mean becoming more weak or sick.Their research shows that a devotion to a life of movement and exercise may help us live not only longer,but also healthier.For their study,the researchers looked at two groups.The first group was made up of 125 non-professional cyclists between the ages of 55 to 79.This group included 84 healthy men and 41 healthy women.We will call this group the“cyclists”.Researchers then found 130 people to make up a second group.Within this group,75 people were aged from 57 to 80.The other 55 were between the ages of 20 and 36.The people in this group were also healthy,but they did not exercise regularly.We will call this group the“non-exercisers”.Smokers,heavy drinkers of alcohol and people with other health issues were not included in the study.Then,researchers gave both groups a series of tests.They tested their muscle mass(肌肉质量),muscular strength,percentage of body fat and the strength of their immune(免疫的)systems.Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes usually regarded as a normal aging process.For example,they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength.Also,their body fat did not increase with age.The researchers also found something they had not expected.The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists did not age either.The researchers advise us all to find an exercise that we like in our lives.12.How did the researchers carry out the study?A.By comparing.B.By discussing.C.By imagining.D.By reasoning.13.Which of the following is a result of the research?A.The cyclists kept a thin body shape.B.The non-exercisers gained weight easily.C.The cyclists muscles remained strong with age.D.The non-exercisers usually had health problems.14.Which is an unexpected result for the researchers?A.The cyclists had normal aging process.B.The cyclists immune systems didnt age.C.The cyclists lost nearly all their fat.D.Everyone needed an exercise in their lives.15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Healthy People Need More Exercise B.Take an Exercise,the Harder,the Better C.Cycling Is the Best Way to Prevent Aging D.A Lifetime of Exercise Slows Aging Process 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 How to Be Smart with Your Money Money is a major worry for many people.It can be easy to overspend and be left with buyers regret._16_But dont worry.Heres a handful of ways that will help you use your money wisely without getting an MBA.Prioritize your needs.Do you want to pay down debt?_17_Or are you just looking for clothes to be more beautiful?Identify your top priorities.Do not put any money toward non-essential expenses until all of your necessary living costs have been paid._18_It can be easy to get in the habit of shopping in the same place repeatedly,but taking time to shop in various places can help you find the best deals.Check in stores and online to look for the best prices for your needs.Look for stores that might be running sales or that specialize in discount.Use cash instead of cards.For non-necessary expenses such as going out to eat or seeing a movie,set a budget.Withdraw the necessary amount of cash before you go out,and leave your cards at home._19_ Monitor your spending.Finally,as long as youre not spending more than you bring in,youre on target._20_You may prefer to check your bank account every day,or you could sign up for a money-monitoring app to help you track your spending.A.Shop online.B.Shop around.C.Are you saving for the rent?D.Do you usually use your money smartly?E.Being smart with money can seem like an impossible task.F.This will make it more difficult to overspend while you are out.G.Regularly monitor your spending in whatever way that works best for you.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 I was standing in the checkout line behind a young woman.When it was her_21_today,the cashier called her name and asked her how she was going.It looked as if they were_22_with each other.The woman looked_23_and said,Not so good.My husband has just_24_his job and has nothing to do at home.My son is up to his old_25_again and often makes trouble at school.I dont know how to_26_the difficult time.”Then she paid for her food.I was_27_to hear that.I wanted to help but didnt know how.Should I_28_some cash for her or find a job for her husband?The woman left the store before I could do anything.When I returned to the parking lot,I_29_the woman at a distance,and I remembered something that could help her in a different but hopefully_30_way.Then I said,“Excuse me?Im so sorry that I heard something_31_you said to the cashier_32_.Id like to give you something.”I handed her a(n)_33_.When she opened it and read the only two_34_in the letter,she began to cry.Then she smiled through_35_,“You have no idea how much this means to me.”All I could think to_36_was,“Would it be OK to give you a(n)_37_?”She agreed.After we hugged,I walked back to my car and began to_38_too.Do you know the words in the letter?“You Matter.”I think telling other people that they matter also matters.We starve for_39_but feel more helpless than ever._40_,we are always needed by each other.21.A.habit B.turn C.idea D.joy 22.A.familiar B.pleased C.impatient D.satisfied 23.A.powerful B.modest C.sad D.foolish 24.A.determined B.supported C.balanced D.lost 25.A.responsibility B.tricks C.promise D.expectations 26.A.set down B.refer to C.account for D.get through 27.A.relieved B.sorry C.entertained D.curious 28.A.provide B.print C.pick D.pay 29.A.reminded B.appreciated C.rescued D.spotted 30.A.strange B.thankful C.beneficial D.fortunate 31.A.unhappy B.impossible C.sick D.confusing 32.A.in the distance B.by all means C.in fun D.by chance 33.A.device B.medal C.envelope D.advertisement 34.A.stories B.notes C.words D.sentences 35.A.tears B.manners C.signals D.cheers 36.A.apologize B.respond C.defend D.suffer 37.A.lift B.topic C.excuse D.hug 38.A.communicate B.listen C.cry D.work 39.A.connection B.freedom C.fashion D.peace 40.A.Quickly B.Actually C.Accidentally D.Unluckily 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 British billionaire Richard Branson is set to go into space on Sunday on a rocket plane built by the space tourism company created by_41._(he).Hell join two pilots and three other experts on the flight.Virgin Galacticthe business Branson started in 2004aims to fly private_42._(citizen)to the edge of space.The trips are designed to permit pa