2021年茂名市电白县黄岭中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析.pdf

2021 年茂名市电白县黄岭中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class,a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in JennifersLos Angelesapartment,the monitor inPhoenixtracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.Her Internet access was locked remotely to prevent Internet searches,and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was:Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past？Or was she slowing down？In the battle against cheating,this is thecutting edgeand a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.This technology gives trust to the entire system,to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating,experts say,can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid that students havent searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade,the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of open online courses.Private colleges,public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field,spending millions of dollars to attract potential students,while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras,a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular.Among them are programs that check students identities using personal information,such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.As in many university classes,term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.1.Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?A.To correct her typing mistakes.B.To find her secrets in the room.C.To keep her from dishonest deeds.D.To prevent her from slowing down.2.What does the underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.sharpening tool B.advanced technique C.effective rule D.dividing line 3.How can some programs find out possiblecheaters?A.By scanning the Internet test questions.B.By checking the question answering speed.C.By producing a large number of questions.D.By giving difficult test questions.B The United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)included on December 17,2020 Chinas Tai Chi on the RepresentativeList of the Intangible（无形的）Cultural Heritage of Humanity.The decision was announced during the online meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage held from December 14 to19 inKingston,capital ofJamaica.“Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central Chinas Henan province,Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing,but is also deeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture,such as medicine and philosophy,”Zhu Xianghua says,who is the son of the famous Tai Chi master Zhu Tiancai.Although it has spread to more than 150 countries and regions,attracting more than 100 million people to practice,the idea that Tai Chi is for the elderly has stopped many young people practicing the ancient Wushu.They think of it as a slow exercise,which is specially made and better suited for their grandparents.Instead,many young people are turning to the Indian practice of yoga（瑜伽）to relieve stress,which was placed on the UNESCOs List in 2019.In order to promote Tai Chi,joint efforts have been made from individuals and the Chinese government in the last decades.Xian Jiaotong University requires students to learn Tai Chi.Wang Yunbing,a professor in the universitys sports center,stressed that Tai Chi is not only good physical exercise-researchers from the American College of Rheumatology find that it can help manage several diseases but is also conned ted to ancient Chinese eivilization.Since 2014,the World Tai Chi Championships have been held every two years by the International Wushu Federation.It provides a platform for communication and learning between the Tai Chi masters and Tai Chi lovers around the globe.In January 2020,Tai Chi became an official event in the 2026 Dakar Youth Olympic Games.4.What does Zhu Xianghua say about Tai Chi in paragraph 2?A.It originated from fast Kung Fu action.B.It was born around the 1750s in a village.C.It is related to other cultural fields ofChina.D.It integrates Chinese medicine and western philosophy.5.Why do some young people choose to practice yoga instead of Tai Chi?A.They think it easier to practice yoga to keep fit.B.The elderly stop young people practicing Tai Chi.C.They consider Tai Chi is custom-built for old people.D.Yoga was included in the world culture earlier than Tai Chi.6.What is the main purpose of the last paragraph?A.To promote contemporary Chinese civilization.B.To show many efforts made to popularize Tai Chi.C.To stress the importance of Chinese Tai Chi masters.D.To advise people to practise Tai Chi to cure diseases.7.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Tai Chi Steps on the UNESCOs List.B.Tai Chi is Competing against Yoga.C.Tai Chi Has Regained populate Globally.D.Opinions Greatly Differ on Tai Chi and Yoga.C An ancient tomb was recently discovered in southern Siberia in which there may be treasure,priceless objects,and the 3,000-year-old remains of an ice mummy.Swiss scientist Gino Caspari with the University of Bern was looking carefully at the pictures of the area in the Russian Tuva Republic,when he came across what appeared to be a tomb.It is a tomb of the Scythians,an ancient group of Eurasians.This summer,together with researchers from the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Hermitage Museum,a dig at the site not only proved Casparis idea,but told us the site is the largest and oldest of its kind ever discovered in whats increasingly known as the“Siberian Valley of the Kings.”While any discovery dating back to a period between the Iron Age and Bronze Age is exciting,its the nature of this site that makes scientists want to begin carefully clearing away the layers of rock and earth.First,the tomb appears to have never been dug,because it is in a Siberian wetland faraway from the nearest place where people live.Second,and most important,is its possible resting place under a thick layer of permafrost.“Theres permafrost in the area,”Caspari said.“There are really only a handful of permafrost tombs and very few that have not been damaged,where there have been ice mummies in good condition,and all the things in the tomb are untouched.”While not as large,other tombs discovered in the area have produced fantastical treasures and objects,including thousands of gold objects and other things about the past.By studying all these tombs,researchers hope to have a better understanding of the Scythian people.Caspari said his team is in a race against time to uncover the tomb and find out its secrets.“We now have to act fast,”he said,“because with the rising temperatures,the permafrost could melt and damage all the things in that tomb.And these are things that are over 3,000 years old,that look like new,like they were put there yesterday.”8.How did Caspari discover the tomb?A.By studying pictures.B.By visiting a Russian area.C.By talking with Russian researchers.D.By comparing other scientists,ideas.9.Why has the tomb remained untouched?A.It is covered by a lot of rocks.B.It is well kept by the Scythians.C.It is too small to draw attention.D.It is hidden in a wild cold place.10.Why do scientists want to uncover the tomb?A.To better protect the tomb.B.To save the treasures inside.C.To learn more about the Scythians.D.To have a good understanding of mummies.11.Why is Casparis team racing against time to dig the tomb?A.The tomb is too old.B.It is getting hotter and hotter.C.Some treasures are being damaged.D.They want to save time for other tombs.D Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer.He apologized for lack of training,but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conradys Applied Optics and Optical Design,one for his office and a second for his bedside table,he was hired on the spot.Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahls Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as black boxes,although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties.Buchdahls book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics,but it is not about how to design lenses.It is,however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designers needs very much in mind.Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems.Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory,as such,has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design.The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance.The indirect effects have been large,however,both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other,more practical,theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist,but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory.Buchdahls approach has,over the last decade,had a major impact on modern lens design with computers.Thus,he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical,and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician.From the point of view of many physicists and engineers,it will appear to be quite mathematical.Moreover,this is a tightly written book.The subject matter is developed with precision,and the author expects the reader,at very point,to be master of the preceding exposition.12.Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of _.A.newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light B.very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers C.too much mathematical detail in the theory D.not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters 13.The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to _.A.the students who are major in mathematical geometry B.those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems C.the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs D.those who are interested in physics 14.The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is _.A.indirect ways of learning mathematics B.a fundamental power within the theory C.the conceptual elegance of the theory D.the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems 15.This passage is probably excerpted from _.A.a review of a book B.a chemistry textbook C.an opticians essay D.a general science text 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 What can help us when we fail?Failure is a part of life since our earliest moment of life.We often think of failure as something bad._16_,whichis neither bad nor good.However,what can help us when we fail?Dont be afraid of failure _17_.If we never fail at something,we probably havent learned all that life has to teach us.So failure means taking something away from the experience.Never stop trying Trying or learning something new is often half the battle,dont give up trying.You may get disappointed because of failure._18_ _19_ Nobody can be our safety nets all the time in our livesonly we can act as our own safety nets.Become your own best friend,do everything that you can possibly do for yourself.Dont look back We spend too much of our lives looking back.Theres nothing back there to see._20_and Im sure that youII find yourself in a better position.A.Try to avoid failure B.Failure is how we learn C.Learn to depend on ourselves D.We are often unwilling to accept our failure E.But failure is a normal and natural part of life F.But if you give up,your progress will come to an end G.Spend just 10 percent more of your time looking forward to what life holds for you in the future 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Dana is a 10-year-old girl,who found her friend was sick with a rare and life-threatening disease._21_,she began her mission to find a way to help her friend and other_22_children by funding research to discover lifesaving cures.Danas first idea was to_23_lemonade(柠檬水)but it would be limited to the summerseason.She had to_24_an alternative concept.Dana and her mother had a fun habit of baking together,and it_25_to her that she could bake cookies.She knew that most people love cookies and like eating them all_26_long.She called her newly created_27_Cookies4Cures.Dana started her_28_mission when she was only seven years old.She and her mother_29_spent two days a week baking the cookies at home.Dana would then_30_the streets every weekend attempting to sell the cookies door to door to the local_31_.Her first goal was to make$1,000 in sales.“It was so_32_and took us three months,Dana recalled her first tiring yet rewarding sales attempt.Dana soon decided to move her Cookies4Cures campaign_33_and that was when sales really started to_34_.At the end of the year,she raised$56,000.The concept was simple:she baked the cookies and then_35_others to donate online to fund research for rare diseases in exchange for her_36_cookies.Cookies4Cures is now_37_on raising awareness for the rare diseases for children.Without a cure,it is scientific_38_that provides hope to children and their families that one day one will be discovered.It is this_39_that motivates Dana to keep_40_baking for causes dear to her heart.21.A.Instead B.However C.Thus D.Besides 22.A.suffering B.challenging C.promising D.exciting 23.A.make B.sell C.drink D.buy 24.A.come up with B.get along with C.team up with D.come out of 25.A.appeared B.explained C.seemed D.occurred 26.A.day B.year C.month D.week 27.A.company B.project C.medicine D.campaign 28.A.annoying B.trou