专题1名词-2020-2021学年高一英语期末备考语法专练(解析版).pdf

名词 1.In the_of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.A.presence B.charge C.control D.absence【答案解析】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏更一步的证据，警察不能在短时间内解决这桩谋杀案。A.presence 在场；B.charge 管理；C.control 控制；D.absence 缺席。根据,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.可知，此处考查固定短语 in the absence of“缺乏”，故选 D 项。2.Training of the employees was suggested as one _ to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.A.method B.way C.approach D.means【答案解析】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工培训被认为是解决效率低下问题的一种方法。A.method 方法；B.way 方法，道路；C.approach 方法，方式，接近；D.means 手段，方法。固定搭配：approach to“.的方法”。故选 C。3.The good news that he got a_to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.A.prospect B.promotion C.priority D.privilege【答案解析】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他晋升为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。A.prospect 前途；B.promotion 升职，晋升；C.priority 优先权；D.privilege 特权。结合后文 to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.可知此处指晋升（promotion）为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。get a promotion“得到晋升”。故选 B。4.Seeing the happy _ of children playing in the park,Im full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.A.sight B.view C.sign D.scene【答案解析】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的快乐场面，我欣喜若狂，对我们国家的未来充满信心。A.sight 视力；眼界；见解；B.view 视野；风景；C.sign 标志；符合；D.scene 场面；情景。根据语境，此处表达“看到孩子们在公园里嬉戏的快乐情景”之意，scene 常指包含人的活动的场景，其他三个选择项不符合语境。故选 D。5.The police are offering a$60,000 _ for information about the killer.A.price B.prize C.award D.reward【答案解析】D【详解】句意：警方正在悬赏一笔大的奖金征集有关抢劫的信息。A.price 价格；B.prize 奖品，多指在竞赛中所赢得的奖。C.award 奖品，是因优点奖励或授予的东西；D.reward 报偿，酬劳，指某一个人做了一件事儿得到的报酬，回报。根据句意，是对品德高尚和勤劳的人所给与的奖励。故选 D。6.All around the world,we can see kids playing football to their hearts _.A.content B.pleasure C.satisfactory D.attraction【答案解析】A【详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析及固定短语。句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到孩子们尽情地踢着足球。A.content 满意，目录，内容；B.pleasure 愉快，欣慰；C.satisfactory 令人满意的；D.attraction 吸引。根据句意及 to their hearts可知，此处为固定短语 to ones hearts content，表示“心满意足地，尽情地”。故选 A 项。7.Robert appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to speak.Now she was Portia,a strong-willed _in Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice.A.member B.actress C.player D.character【答案解析】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗伯特出现在舞台上。她深吸了一口气，开始说话，现在她是 Portia，一个莎士比亚的威尼斯主题剧中意志坚强的角色。A.member 成员；B.actress（女）演员；C.player 运动员；D.character 角色。分析句子可知，“a strong willed _in Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice”为 Portia 的同位语，Portia 是剧中的一个“角色”。故选D 项。8._ the temperature falling so rapidly,we couldnt go on with the experiment.A.Since B.For C.As D.With【答案】D【详解】考查 with 的复合结构。句意：随着温度急剧下降，我们无法继续进行实验。A.Since自从以来，因为；B.For 为了；C.As 正如，随着；D.With 随着。根据后文“the temperature falling so rapidly”可知此处为 with 的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”。故选 D。9.Marathon is intended to put the athletes to a challenging test of and willpower.A.insistence B.endurance C.preservation D.bravery【答案解析】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：马拉松旨在使运动员经受耐力和意志力的挑战性考验。A.insistence 坚持；B.endurance 耐力；C.preservation 保存，保护，维护；D.bravery 勇敢。由 and 可知，此处应使用与 willpower（意志力）词义相近的词语 endurance。故选 B。10.The captain and were accused of abandoning passengers in South Korea ferry disaster.A.members B.crew C.partners D.team【答案解析】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：机长和船员被指控在韩国轮渡灾难中遗弃乘客。A.members 成员；B.crew 船员；C.partners 伙伴；D.team 团队。船只发生事故，因此受到指控抛弃乘客的是船长和船员。故选 B。11.Rafael Nadal is a tennis champion equipped with a big heart,to win and resolution to defeat all his opponents.A.persuasion B.determination C.fascination D.accumulation【答案解析】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：拉斐尔纳达尔是网球冠军，他胸怀大志，决心要胜利，并有决心击败所有对手。A.persuasion 说服；B.determination 决心；C.fascination 迷恋；D.accumulation 积累。这三个词（说服、迷恋、积累）不合乎句意的需要，网球冠军具备的是获胜的决心，选择 determination 合乎句意。故选 B。12.President Donald Trumps first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress and the media,which was criticized by many as a(n)_ from tradition.A.departure B.benefit C.escape D.lesson【答案解析】A【详解】考查名词。句意：唐纳德特朗普总统的第一次国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体，许多人批评这是对传统的背离。A.departure 背离，违反；B.benefit 益处；C.escape 逃跑，逃避；D.lesson 课，教训。分析句子可知，此处表示的意思是“国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体是对传统的背离”，故选 A。13.Letting virtual assistants,such as Amazons Alexa,take care of your home is a(n)_ for disaster to some,because AI-infused systems may demonstrate unpredictable behaviors that can be disruptive,confusing,offensive,and even dangerous.A.topic B.shortcut C.cure D.recipe【答案解析】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：让虚拟助手(比如亚马逊的 Alexa)照顾你的家，对某些人来说无异于一场灾难，因为人工智能系统可能会表现出不可预测的行为，这些行为可能具有破坏性、混乱性、攻击性，甚至是危险的。A.topic 话题；B.shortcut 捷径；C.cure 治愈；D.recipe 配方。分析句子可知，显然让虚拟助手掌握实权带来的是不好的结果，也就是导致了灾难的发生，a recipe for disaster“后患无穷”。故选 D 项。14.The literature masterpiece Macbeth by Shakespeare will be better understood if readers look at the tragedy in the historical _ of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods,an era of stability.A.content B.contest C.context D.contact【答案解析】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者们如果关注伊丽莎白一世和詹姆斯一世那段相对稳定的时代的历史背景下的悲剧，就能更好地理解莎士比亚的文学著作麦克白。A.content内容；B.contest 比赛；C.context 环境，上下文；D.contact 联系。这里联系 the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods，要用 historical context 表示“历史背景”。故选 C 项。15.With the _ of the mid-term examinations,the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous.A.approach B.access C.attachment D.appearance【答案解析】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着期中考试的临近，大多数学生变得越来越紧张。A.approach 接近；B.access 通道；C.attachment 连接物，附属；D.appearance 外貌，外观。根据“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可知，此处是指随着期中考试的“临近”，故选 A 项。【点睛】名词词义辨析题注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力。由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案。如本题中由语境“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可以推出，空处应选“接近，临近”的意思。16.When you want to buy something,you need to take the price into _.A.decision B.requirement C.consideration D.importance【答案解析】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你想买东西的时候，你需要考虑价格。A.decision 决定；B.requirement要求；C.consideration考虑；D.importance重要性。take sth.into consideration意为“考虑”，是固定搭配，且符合语境，故选 C。17.Marathon is intended to put the athletes to a challenging test of and willpower.A.insistence B.endurance C.preservation D.bravery【答案解析】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：马拉松旨在使运动员经受耐力和意志力的挑战性考验。A.insistence 坚持；B.endurance 耐力；C.preservation 保存，保护，维护；D.bravery 勇敢。由 and 可知，此处应使用与 willpower（意志力）词义相近的词语 endurance。故选 B。18.The captain and were accused of abandoning passengers in South Korea ferry disaster.A.members B.crew C.partners D.team【答案解析】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：机长和船员被指控在韩国轮渡灾难中遗弃乘客。A.members 成员；B.crew 船员；C.partners 伙伴；D.team 团队。船只发生事故，因此受到指控抛弃乘客的是船长和船员。故选 B。19.Rafael Nadal is a tennis champion equipped with a big heart,to win and resolution to defeat all his opponents.A.persuasion B.determination C.fascination D.accumulation【答案解析】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：拉斐尔纳达尔是网球冠军，他胸怀大志，决心要胜利，并有决心击败所有对手。A.persuasion 说服；B.determination 决心；C.fascination 迷恋；D.accumulation 积累。这三个词（说服、迷恋、积累）不合乎句意的需要，网球冠军具备的是获胜的决心，选择 determination 合乎句意。故选 B。20.Our natural _ are limited.This means that they will not_forever.A.energies;occur B.materials;erupt C.resources;last D.sources;bury【答案解析】C【详解】考查名词和动词辨析。句意：我们的自然资源是有限的，这意味着它们不能永远持续。A.energies;精力；occur 发生；B.materials;材料；erupt 爆发；C.resources;资源；last 持续；D.sources;资源；bury 埋葬。有限的是自然资源，有限当然不能持续使用。故选 C。