新概念英语第一册101110课自学笔记很全很好.pdf

101110 1/27 Lesson 101 write wrote written 1.Read Jimmys card to me,Penny.read 后面接了两个宾语，一个是 Jimmys card,一个是 me，所以，这句话还可以这样来说：Read me Jimmys card please.2.直接引语和间接引语“I have just arrived in Scotland and Im staying at a Youth Hostel”这是一个直接引语的例子。直接引语是英文中用书面语的形式来表示口语的方式，实际的话要放在引号之间，句尾的标点符号也要放在引号之内。下面三句都属于间接引语：He says hes just arrived in Scotland.He says hes staying at a Youth Hostel.He says hell write a letter soon.3.the YHA=the Youth Hostels Association 青年招待所协会。简称“青招协”。the Youth Hostel 是一种为参加野外探险度假活动的青年人提供廉价住宿的招待所。这种青年招待所实行会员制，首先要加入“青招协”才有资格享受这种待遇。在组织机构的前面，我们通常要加上定冠词 the，例如：the United Nations 联合国 the International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会 4.speak up，大声地说。还可以这样说：Louder,please.5.hear和 listen to hear 听见，听到 强调的是结果 Im afraid I cant hear you.listen to 听 强调的是动作 Listen to me,please.101110 2/27 6.下列从句中，都省略了 that。He says hes just arrived in Scotland.He says hes staying at a Youth Hostel.He says hell write a letter soon.You know hes a member of the Y.H.A.Im afraid I cant hear you.I hope you are all well.He hopes we are all well.7.Love，Jimmy 爱你的吉米。Yours，Jimmy 你的，吉米。这是朋友间通信时常用的结束语。8.He doesnt say very much,does he?这是一个反意疑问句 它的回答如下：No,he doesnt.是的，他没有写多少。Yes,he does.不，他写了很多。She went to Paris last month,didnt she?Yes,she did.是的，他去巴黎了。No,she didnt.不，他没有去。这是英文中的反意疑问句，它是由两部分组成的，前面是一个陈述句，逗号之后是一个简略问句。反意疑问句可以用来确认自己的判断，获取真实的信息，还可以用来表示惊讶、愤怒等感情。如果前一部分陈述句是肯定形式，简略问句就要用否定形式；如果前一部分是否定形式，后一部分则用肯定形式。9.He cant write very much on a card.I write to my family regularly.write to 给某人写信 The teacher wrote the answers on the blackboard.10.本课基本句型：（都省略了 that）Im afraid He says He hopes Im afraid I cant hear you.101110 3/27 He says hell write a letter soon.He hopes we are all well.11.反意疑问句 肯定式，+否定式？否定式，+肯定式？be动词 The pen is yours,isnt it?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.That was a wonderful night,wasnt it?Yes,it was.No,it wasnt.You arent a teacher,are you?Yes,I am.No,Im not.一般动词 Lucy likes English,doesnt she?Yes,it does.No,it doesnt.Tom is skating,isnt he?Yes,he is.No,he isnt.You dont study Chinese,do you?Yes,we do.No,we dont.情态动词 Your brother can swim,cant he?Yes,he can.No,he cant.The workers had to take the first bus,didnt they?Yes,they did.No,they didnt.Your brother cant swim,can he?Yes,he can.No,he cant.现在完成时 Tom has lived here for many years,hasnt he?Yes,he has.No,he hast.He hasnt been to the Great Wall,has he?Yes,he has.No,he hast.12.直接引语和间接引语 当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。当直接引用的句子为不同类型时，间接引用的句式变化很大。当我们引用别人说话时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫做直接引语。当我们要引用别人的话语时，可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来，被引用的部分叫做间接引语。直接引语 间接引语 She said,“I like English very much.”Mike asked,“When will our plane land?”She said she liked English very much.Mike asked When their plane would land.（1）只须将原话放在引号之中，不做任何改动。（2）没有时态呼应的问题。（3）引用原话前可以用，“”，也可以用：“”。（4）原话的末尾，按其类别放一个句号或问号等。（1）不要逗号、冒号、引号。（2）要考虑到人称的变化。（3）要考虑到时态的变化。（4）要考虑到时间状语、地点状语和指示代词 的变化。101110 4/27 He said,“Im sleepy.”He said that he was sleepy.She said,“Your younger brother broke it.”She said that my younger brother had broken it.”He said,“I have lived in Beijing since 1950.”He said that he had lived in Beijing since 1950.13.宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语。连接宾语从句的有从属连词、连接代词和连接副词三类词。这三类词在句中的功能各异，请看下表。注意：宾语从句中的语序。词类 在句中的功能 举例 中文释义 例句 从属连词 that 在句中不担任成分，可省略。that 一般不译 I believe that this house is for sale.I believe they will arrive shortly.whether，if在句中也不担任成分，但都不能省略。whether 是否 We dont know if/whether our teaches will attend the class meeting.if 是否 连接代词 除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中担任成分，做主语、宾语、定语。who 谁（主格）I know who did the good deed.whom 谁（宾格）whose 谁的（所有格）what 什么，所.的 You must take back what you said.which 哪个 He asked me which shirt I liked best.连接副词 除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中担任成分，做状语。when 什么时候 I want to know when the plane will take off.where 什么地方 He asked me where he would arrive.how 怎样，如何 Please tell me how I can get there.why 为什么，的原因，之所以 Our teacher asked me why I was late.Lesson 102 1.tired What does he say?101110 5/27 He says he feels tired.2.thirsty What do they say?They say they are thirsty.3.a headache Whats the matter with her?She says shes got a headache.4.an earache Whats the matter with her?She says she has an earache.5.a licence What does she need?She says she needs a licence.6.some money What do they want?They say they want some money.7.catch What must he do?He says he must catch the bus.8.repair What can he do?He says he can repair this bus.9.sell What will he do?He says he will sell the house.101110 6/27 Lesson 103 1.How was the exam,Richard?这句话还可以这样说：How did the exam go?2.Not too bad.不算太坏 Pretty good 还不错 pretty 3.I think I passed in English and Mathematics我想我的英语和数学及格了。如果说通过某一个考试，直接用动词 pass；如果说通过某一科目，则用 pass in。fail 不及格 pass/fail the English paper/test/exam 101110 7/27 4.paper这个词当“试卷”讲时，是可数名词。the English and Maths papers，英文和数学卷子。paper当“纸张”讲时，是不可数名词。a piece of paper.paper 还可以当“论文”讲。Have you finished your paper?5.How about?怎么样?相当于我们前面学过的 What about?用于征求他人意见或询问情况。What about you?How about going to France for our next holiday?6.easy enough for me，是指对我来说不难，我可以完成和通过。而 too difficult for me 是指对我来说太难了，无法完成和通过。“for”对于某人来说。The house isnt big enough for us.形容词+enough to do sth.十分（足够）Shes old enough to make her own decisions.He is rich enough to buy a plane.enough如果修饰形容词或副词，它必须放在形容词或副词的后面，例如上面两例。enough 还可以做形容词来修饰名词，则放在名词的前面、后面都可以。I have money enough to buy a dictionary.I havent got enough money to pay for that car.7But I couldnt answer the rest.the rest of the queations.8.They were too difficult for me.too 过于 too+for sb/sth+to do 对于某人（某物）来说，太以至不能 This pair of shoes are too small for me.The question is too difficult us to answer.too+形容词/副词+to do 太，（以至于）不能（做）He is too young to go to school.9.French tests are awful,arent they?awful 可以形容人或物，表示“很可怕”、“很糟糕”、“很讨厌”。101110 8/27 hate 在口语中常用来表示非常强烈的语气。I hate them.I hate traffic jams.我很讨厌堵车 I hate telling lies.我讨厌撒谎 10.Im sure Ive got a low mark.a high mark Im sure Ive done badly/well.11.cheer up，振作起来。可以用来鼓励你的同学、朋友或同事等。12.Perhaps we didnt do too badly.too badly 那么糟糕。13.The guy next to me wrote his name at the top of the paper.guy口语中常用，相当于person。The person beside me at the top of 在顶端、在上方 at the bottom of 在末端、在底端 14.文中的 yes?相当于 And then?意思是：然后呢？然后怎么了？15.Then he sat there and looked at it for three hours.for three hours 连续三个小时。16.本课基本句型 I could answer the questions.They were very easy.I couldnt answer the questions.They were too difficult.The question were easy enough for me to answer.The question were too difficult for me to answer.17.名词（1）名词的种类 分类 例词 专有 名词 指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。它的第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。表示人名 Li Bai 李白 Lu Xun 鲁迅 Mr.Dick 迪克先生 Chairman Hu 胡主席 表示地名 China 中国 Chang an street 长安街 London 伦敦 Zhong shan Park 中山公园 由普通名词构成的专有名词 the United States of America 美国 the Summer Palace 颐和园 101110 9/27 普通 名词 指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名称。可数名词 个体名词 表示某类人或事物中的个体 student teacher car panda 集合名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体 family police army team crowd group people 不可数名词 抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念 music cold love rest power（威力）物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质或实物 water tea air fire rain wood（2）单数可数名词 如果我们要表示一本书，一只鸟，一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数形式。表示名词的单数，要在名词前加不定冠词 a或 an。例如：a bird an egg This is a desk.There is an orange on the table.a和 an的使用区别 a 以辅音开头的名词前 a book a pen a new orange an 以元音开头的名词前 an apple an old desk an orange（3）复数可数名词 规则变化 规则变化 例句 1 在一般情况下，词尾后加-s 在清辅音后读s bookbooks cupcups 在浊辅音和元音后读z bedbeds 其它 Boys horses pages 2 以 s、x、ch、sh结尾的词，加-es，读作iz busbuses boxboxes dishdishes watchwatches 3 以 f或 fe结尾的词，先将f或 fe变成 v，再加-es，读作vz halfhalves wifewives 4 以 o结尾的词，词尾加 es或 s，都读z heroheroes potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes zoozoos pianopianos photophotos 5 以辅音字母加 y结尾的词，先将 y改为 i 再加es，读iz citycities familyfamilies 6 以元音字母加 y结尾的daydays boyboys 101110 10/27 词，直接加 s，读z 7 以 th结尾的词，在词尾加 s th读 ，加上 s 读 th读 ，加上 s 读 mouthmouths pathpaths monthmonth 不规则变化 不规则变化 例词 1 元音发生变化 manmen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth mousemice goosegeese 2 词尾发生变化 childchildren 3 单、复数形式不变 fish sheep deer Chinese Japanese 4 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes 衣服 trousers 裤子 glasses 眼睛等 Your trousers are over there 合成名词变为复数时 变化 例词 1 把第一个或最后一个词变成复数 highwayhighways girl friendgirl friends son-in-lawsons-in-law女婿 2 把构成合成名词的两个词都要变为复数 man doctormen doctors woman teacherwomen teachers（4）名词的用法 名词在句中可以担任除谓语外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾补、定语等 例句 说明 1 China is a great country.名词作主语 2 Im a student.名词作表语 3 All of us love peace.名词作动词宾语 4 They are listening to music.名词作介词宾语 5 You should study English step by step.名词作状语 6 The party lasted two hours.名词作状语 7 Our school named our class Lei Feng class.名词作宾补 8 This is our teachers office.名词所有格作定语 9 Ten minutes walk isnt long.名词所有格作定语 101110 11/27 Lesson 104 1.clever answer all the questions Could he answer all the questions?Yes,he could.He was clever enough to answer them.2.stupid answer all the questions Could he answer all the questions?No,he couldnt.He was too stupid to answer them.3.cheap buy the car Why could he buy the car?Because it was very cheap.4.expensive buy the car Why couldnt he buy the car?Because it was too expensive.5.loud hear the stereo Why could they hear the stereo?Because it was very loud.6.low hear the stereo Why couldnt they hear the stereo?Because it was too low.7.sweet eat the orange Could she eat the orange?Yes,she could.It was sweet enough for her to eat.8.sour eat the orange Could she eat the orange?No,she couldnt.It was too sour for her to eat.101110 12/27 Lesson 105 spell spelt spelt 1.I want her.I want to see/speak to her.2.Do you want to speak to her?在这句话中，to speak 是动词 want 的宾语，而这个结构动词原形前加 to在英文中被称为动词不定式。本课用动词不定式作宾语的例句还有：1 want her to come to my office；Tell her to come at once；Did you want to see me；1 want you to type it again 等。3.want 的三种用法：want sb./sth.I want her.want to do sth.Do you want to speak to her?want sb.to do sth.I want her to come to my office.4.Tell her to come at once.Tell sb.to do sth.它的否定式是：Tell sb.(not)to do sth.5.Can you tell me?完整意思是：Can you tell me how to spell intelligent?6.full of,充满了。This letters full of mistakes.The room is full of smoke.Her eyes were full of tears.7.Im sorry about that.be sorry about sth.sorry后面还可以跟从句。例如：Im sorry I made so many mistakes.8.And heres a little present for you。这里 and表示承上启下，使上下文紧密联系，当“于是”，“因此”讲。9.many,much,a few,few,a little,little 辨析：many（多数）只能和复数可数名词连用 At the party I didnt know many people.101110 13/27 much（多量）只能和不可数名词连用 How much money do you have?a few（肯定）few （否定）用于可数名词 But we have a few small differences,too.（有区别）We have few differences.（没区别）a little（肯定）little（否定）用于不可数名词 They were all very big and strong,and we felt a little afraid of them.Although they were all very big and strong,we felt little afraid of them.既可以修饰可数名词，也 a lot of much 可数名词之前 可以修饰不可数名词。主 lots of =用于否定句或疑问句中 要用于肯定句中。plenty of many 不可数名词之前 例如：We havent got much tea or coffte.We havent got many tomatoes.We have got a lot of potatoes.10.I hope itll help you.如果指出有所帮助的具体方面，我们可以用“with”这个词。I hope itll help you with your spelling.I often help my mum with the cleaning.11.动词不定式 基本句型 1：I want to go.基本句型 2：He wants to go.基本句型 3：I wanted to go.基本句型 4：They were asked to go.（他们被要求去）基本 1 是动词不定式的典型用法，它有两个表示动作的词语：一个是want，另外一个是 to go。want 是这个句子的主要动词，它会随着主语的人称、数和时态而变化。101110 14/27 to go不管主语的数、人称和时态如何变化，它永远保持“to+动词原形”的形式，to go就是不定式。在基本 2、3、4 中，主语、时态、语态有变化，但不定式 to go 不受影响，毫无变化。动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带 to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语；但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式可以在句中担任名词、形容词、副词的作用。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。例如：I want to read the book.（我想读这本书。）主语 谓语 不定式 read的宾语 He wants to speak at the meeting.（他想在会议上发言。）主语 谓语 不定式 speak的状语 不定式前的 to 与做介词 to 的区别：不定式前面的 to（也称作小品词）和做介词的 to 是有差别的。介词 to 之后要跟名词、代词的宾格，或相当于名词的词及短语做它的宾语。而不定式 to 之后要跟动词原形。want to read.（不定式的小品词）to read the book.（不定式的小品词）listen to me.（介词 to）12.本课基本句型动词不定式 I want you/him/her/them to Tell him/her/them to I want her to come to my office.Tell her to come to my office.I don/t want you/him/her/them to Tell him/her/them not to I dont want her to type this letter again.Tell her not to type this letter again.101110 15/27 Lesson 106 I want you/him/her/them to Tell him/her/them to 1.carry it What do you want me to do?I want you to carry it.2.correct it What do you want me to do?I want you to correct it.3.listen to it Why is the boy putting a record on?Because he wants them to listen to it.4.move it The policeman is talking to the man and the woman.Hes telling them to move it.5.try it The woman is taking a cake to the man.She is telling him to try it.6.keep it What does the man tell the woman?He tells her to keep it.7.hurt yourself 101110 16/27 What did she tell him?She told him not to hurt himself.8.fall What did she tell him?She told him not to fall.9.break it What did she tell him?She told him not to break it.10.cut yourself What did she tell him?She told him not to cut yourself.101110 17/27 Lesson 107 Its too small 1.Do you like this dress,madam?madam，是对妇女的一种尊称，服务行业的人员常用此称呼；同时,对于不知姓名的女士也可以用此来表示尊重。这个单词也可拼作 maam .2.in fashion 流行的 Short skirts are in fashion now.They were in fashion last year.These shoes are in fashion now.3.Would you like to try it?try 在本句中的意思是“试穿”，我们还可以用“try on”来表示“试穿”。try it on 代词放在 on的前面 try on the dress 名词放在 on 的后面 4.Would you like?你愿意吗?用来表示委婉的请求或提议。Would you like to go swimming?Would you like a glass of water?（后面还可以跟一个名词性的词组）5.Im afraid this green dress is too small for me as well.as well=too too small for me 对我来说太小了 101110 18/27 6.Its smaller than the blue one它比那套蓝色的小一些。I think the blue dress is prettier.在英文中,我们把一个人或物与另一个人或物进行比较时，就要用形容词的比较级。（1）规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词组和部分双音节词组，在词尾加-er （比较级）和-est （最高级）fast 快 adj.adv.faster(the)fastest great 巨大的 adj.greater the greatest near 附近的 adj.adv.nearer(the)nearest tall 高的 adj.taller the tallest 以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节和少数以 le结尾的双音节只在词尾加-r（比较级）和-st（最高级）able 有能力的 adj.abler the ablest large 大的 adj.larger largest late 晚的 adj.adv.later(the)latest nice 好的 adj.nicer the nicest“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，将词尾的y改为 i，再加-er和-est.busy 忙的 adj.busier the busiest early 早 adj.adv.earlier(the)earliest easy 容易的 adj.easier the easiest 重读闭音节词,只以一个辅音字母结尾时,要双写该辅音字母,再加-er和-est.big 大的 adj.bigger the biggest hot 热的 adj.hotter the hottest thin 细、瘦 adj.thinner the thinnest 部分双音节和多音节词,在前面加 more和the most 构成比较级和最高级.beautiful 漂亮的 adj.more beautiful the most beautiful important 重要的 adj.more important the most important quickly 快 adv.more quickly(the)most quickly slowly 慢 adv.more slowly(the)most slowly（2）不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good 好的 adj.well 好的 adj.adv.better (the)best bad 坏的 adj.ill 病的 adj.badly 坏 adv.worse (the)worst many 多 adj.adv.much 多 adj.adv.more (the)most far 远 adj.adv.farther further (the)farthest (the)furthest little 少 adj.adv.less (the)least 101110 19/27 old 老的 adj.older elder the oldest the eldest late 迟的，晚的 adj.later latter the latest the last 7.I dont like the colour either.either用在否定句中，表示“也”。I dont like the colour as well.either与 too 的用法比较：too一般用于肯定句，通常放在句末，前面有逗号，否定句中用 either.You are a student.I am a student,too.You arent a teacher.I am not a teacher,either.His elder sister studies English.I study it,too.He doesnt like swimming.I dont like it,either.8.It doesnt suit me at all.suit“适合”,at all 用在否定句中，表示强调。The color doesnt go along with/fit you.go along with/fit 意思和 suit 相同 The job suits him.9.Could you show me another blue dress?Could you?用在表示请求，比 Can you?更婉转客气。例：Could you tell me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗?Could you pass me that book?10.