2021届上海彭浦高级中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案.pdf

2021 届上海彭浦高级中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Getting your kid to bed at night is seriously one of the most challenging things youll ever have to do.Most kids are just so full of energy that theyll tire you out before theyre halfway through their store of energy.An easy thing to calm down your child to get into bed is giving in and allowing some iPad screen time.However,its really not a great idea,just like you thought.Researchers at theArizonaStateUniversityconducted a study with 547 kids between the ages of 7 to 9.Their parents tracked how much screen time the kids were allowed along with their sleep patterns.The study found that kids who did not engage in screen time before bed slept for 23 more minutes every week and also went to sleep about 34 minutes earlier than those playing with iPad.Although that might not seem like so much more time,quality of sleep is vastly important in Childrens development.The CDCs(美国疾病控制中心)2018 National Youth Risk Survey outlines that good quality sleep can impact a childs life in many ways,including affecting grades and also weight gain.Students with an A average slept for 30 or more minutes per night than those with a D orF average.A 2018PennsylvaniaStateUniversitystudy showed that children with irregular bedtimes had a higher risk of having increased body weight.Those with consistent and age-appropriate bedtimes when they were 9 years old had a healthier BMI(体质指数)at age 15 than those with irregular bedtimes.Hard as it is,its really important not to give in and hand over an iPad to your child who is about to go to bed.Just like its important for adults to go to sleep without any distractions,its even more important for kids.1.What do the findings of the researchers at theArizonaStateUniversitysuggest?A.More sleep is necessary for childrens development.B.Enough sleep helps improve academic performances.C.Screen time before bed leads to later and less sleep.D.Children sleeping irregularly are easy to gain weight.2.What is the text mainly about?A.How is screen time affecting teenagers?B.What are negative effects of irregular bedtimes?C.When should you get your kid to bed at night?D.Why is screen time before bed a bad idea for kids?3.Who is the text intended for?A.Parents.B.Children.C.Teachers.D.Researchers.B Scientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change.Scientists studied epaulette sharks,which live off Australia and New Guinea.They found that warmer conditions sped up the sharks growing process.That meant the sharks were born earlier and very tired.The findings could be used in the study of other sharks,including those that give birth to live young.The scientists studied 27 sharks.Some were raised in average summer water temperatures,about 27 degrees Celsius.Others were raised in higher temperatures around 29 degrees Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius.They found that the sharks raised in the warmest temperatures weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures.They also showed reduced energy levels.Epaulette sharks can grow to a length of about one meter.Their name comes from large spots on their bodies that look like decorations on some military clothing.One study this year found that worldwide numbers of oceanie sharks and rays dropped more than 70 percent between 1970 and 2018.Overfishing is a main concern,while climate change and pollution also threaten shark.Carolyn Wheeler is a doctoral student at the University of Massachusetts Boston and with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Australia.She was the lead author of the epaulette shark study.She said that while all the sharks survived,those raised in warmer temperatures were not strong enough to survive for long in the wild.She added that if the sharks are born smaller than usual“they are probably going to have to start looking for food soonerand theyre going to have less time to adjust to their surroundings.”The study should serve as a warning to ocean governing agencies that careful management is needed to prevent the loss of more sharks.4.In what aspect do the warmer conditions affect the baby sharks?A.Their food.B.Their body weight.C.Their living habits.D.Their moving route.5.How did the scientists carry out their study?A.By studying former data.B.By tracking sharks in the wild.C.By collecting information about climate change.D.By comparing sharks in waters of different temperatures 6.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?A.The origin of sharks names.B.The sharks appearance.C.The threats to sharks survival.D.The sharks living environment.7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Scientists Raise Sharks to Deal with Problems B.Global Warming Has Reduced Shark Populations C.Baby Sharks Struggle to Survive in Warming Oceans D.Scientists Are Struggling to Save Sharks from Extinction C For centuries,tea has been used for far more than quenching thirst.Around the world people drink it to relax,reinvigorate and relieve,and its something we need now more than ever.Even in the United States,a long coffee-dominated country,tea drinking is growing in popularity,with the country consuming 0.4 kilograms(14 ounces)of tea leaves per person a year compared with 0.36 kilograms(12.7 ounces)in 2007 according to the United Nations,as people switch away from soda，milk and fruit drinks.Scientists are beginning to look into just how tea might affect mood and cognition.Specifically,theyre investigating whether its relaxing and refreshing effects are a direct biological outcome of the compounds in tea or whetherthey come from the context in which the drink is consumedpreparing your tea,choosing your favorite cup and sitting down for a brief break from the world.Or both.Drinking green tea has been found to improve brain function in healthy people,said Stefan Borgward,chair and director of the department of psychiatry and psychotherapy at the University of Lubeck,Germany.In a 2014 study,he gave one or two cups of green tea to 12 healthy volunteers and imaged their brains to analyze changes in connectivity inside certain brain regions.“We noticed an increased connectivity in regions of the brain associated with working memory,”he said via email.And a 2017 review of more than 100 studies he coauthored found that green tea can impact the brain in three ways:It can influence psychopathological state such as reducing anxiety;cognition by benefiting memory and attention;and brain function,specifically memory.That review concluded that it would be desirable for more Westerners to consume at least 100 milliliters(3.3 fluid ounces)of green tea each day“to protect neurocognitive function.”However,Borgward,cautioned that the effects arent large,and the evidence is mainly provided by small-scale studies.8.How does the author introduce the tendency of drinking in the U.S.?A.By showing examples.B.By explaining reasons.C.By making a comparison.D.By checking existing facts.9.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A.Scientists are looking into why tea makes people relaxed and refreshed.B.The context in which the drink is consumed is very important.C.Peoples relaxation is the direct biological outcome of the ingredients in tea.D.Preparing tea,choosing a cup and sitting down for a brief rest is amazing.10.What can we conclude from Stefans research?A.Tea is a cure for a neurocognitive disease.B.Green tea is particularly beneficial to our memory.C.Drinking tea every day can prevent us from getting ill.D.Westerners drink less than 100 milliliters of green tea.11.What is the researchersattitude towards the finding?A.Supportive B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Objective.D A new study finds almost one third of the worlds population is overweight.Since 1980,obesity rates(肥胖率)in children and adults have doubled in 73 countries,making people more worried.And rates are increasing in many other countries.Obesity is increasing faster in children than adults in many nations,including Algeria,Turkey and Jordan,the report said.But the worlds weight problem is growing in both rich and poor countries alike.Researchers say an increasing number of people are dying of related health problems in what they called a disturbing global public health problem.Researchers studied health information from 1980 through 2015.They examined obesity rates,average weight gain in 195 countries.They found that obesity rates are three times greater among youth and young adults in countries like China,Brazil and India.Almost 108 million children and more than 600 million adults were found to be overweight.Egypt had the highest number of overweight adults in 2015.Vietnam had the least.In the same year,the United States had the highest number of overweight children,and Bangladesh had the least.Yet hunger remains a problem in many areas.The United Nations said that almost 800 million people,including 300 million children,go to bed hungry each night.Experts said poor diets and lack of physical activity are mainly to blame for the rising numbers of overweight people.Growing populations have led to rising obesity rates in poor countries.Often,poor people will eat processed(加工的)foods instead of choosing a diet rich in vegetables.The London-based Overseas Development Institute studied the price of food in five countries:Britain,Brazil,China,Mexico and South Korea.It found that the cost of processed foods like ice creamand hamburgers has fallen since 1990.But the cost of fresh fruits and vegetables has gone up.12.What do we know about obesity in the world?A.It is worrying B.It is given no attention C.It has been successfully solved D.It is more serious among old people 13.Which country has the most overweight children in 2015?A.America B.Vietnam C.Egypt D.Bangladesh 14.What is one of the reasons why people get overweight?A.Hunger B.Poor diet C.Diets with vegetables D.Eating too much fruit 15.Which ofthe following can be the best title for the text?A.Its Important to Have a Balanced Diet B.How Can We Lose Weight and Keep Fit?C.Is It Necessary for Us to Eat Fresh Vegetables?D.Nearly One Third of People in the World Are Overweight.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 The idea that history is an outdated course of study that will lead to limited career options has spread._16_It is a wonderful way to prepare for a successful future.Here are a few reasons whyits important that todays students continue to learn about the past.Understanding where people come from is key in understanding who we are._17_Its deeply influenced the world and its citizens.For this reason,its important to understand history in order to understand why people are the way that they are._18_Through history classes,you can experience a change in the way you think.Youll look at things from a new angle,as you understand the world in a new way.In the end,this change can improve your ability to assess and understand situations,make educated decisions,and learn how to weigh the consequences linked with each choice before you.Learning from the past prevents future mistakes._19_From wars to fashion to political trends,historians are often able to make predictions about the future based upon the past.By having a firm grasp on what happened in the past,todays generation can better prepare for a brighter future by making the right decisions instead of repeating old mistakes._20_The idea that a degree in history cant lead to a good career is untrue.In fact,students who graduate with degrees in history can become lawyers,business owners,foundation leaders,and non-profit leaders.Besides,history degrees can lead to working as an educator,a leader in a historical organization,a writer,an editor,a journalist,or a producer of multimedia materials.A.You will understand the world much better.B.History degrees can lead to well-paying careers.C.Many people dont know well about themselves.D.Learning history can change how you think.E.But the truth is that studying history is still important.F.The idea that history repeats itself is rooted in truth.G.History has shaped cultures,attitudes,and social structures.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Something extraordinary happened at LA airport today.I was at the gate,_21_to get on my plane toPortland.Suddenly,a_22_boy who looked to be eighteen months was having a total breakdown(崩溃),_23_between the seats,kicking(踢)and screaming(尖叫),then lying on the ground,refusing to board the_24_.His young mom,who was clearly pregnant(怀 孕的)and traveling_25_with her son,became completely_26_.She couldnt_27_her son because he was lying down on the ground,kicking and_28_.The mother finally sat down on the floor and put her_29_in her hands,with her son next to her.Then,this gorgeous(极 好 的)thing happened.Six or seven_30_in the airport approached and_31_the poor mother and thelittle boy.We knelt down and formed a circle.I sangThe Itsy Bitsy Spiderto the little boy.One woman had a little_32_in her bag that she let the boy play with,another woman gave the mom a newly-bought_33_of water.Someone else_34_the mom to get the kids cup out of her bag and give it to him.It was so_35_,because there was no_36_and no one knew anyone else,but we were able to calm them both down,and she got her child on the plane.After they_37_the door we all went back to our_38_seats and didnt talk about it We were strangers,gathering to_39_problems.It occurred to me that a circle of women,with a mission(使命),can_40_the world.21.A.waiting B.begging C.leaving D.standing 22.A.clever B.little C.dirty D.hungry 23.A.dashing B.yelling C.running D.listening 24.A.boat B.taxi C.train D.plane 25.A.angrily B.freshly C.alone D.lonely 26.A.lost B.careful C.grateful D.old 27.A.set up B.take in C.put down D.pick up 28.A.speaking B.screaming C.jumping D.laughing 29.A.shoulder B.head C.eyes D.ears 30.A.women B.people C.professors D.members 31.A.talked B.neglected C.questioned D.surrounded 32.A.dog B.toy C.gun D.coat 33.A.cup B.bowl C.bag D.bottle 34.A.refused B.forced C.helped D.allowed 35.A.boring B.dangerous C.gorgeous D.interesting 36.A.discussion B.need C.time D.room 37.A.looked into B.turned into C.went through D.heard of 38.A.priceless B.wood C.common D.separate 39.A.solve B.produce C.analyze D.forget 40.A.destroy B.save C.cheat D.win 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 China is a big old country,_41._has a history of more than five thousand years.We are proud of_42._(it)culture and part of the culture even influences the world_43._(great),for example,the thought of Confucius(孔子).As Chinese economy develops very fast and plays_44._important role in the world.More and more_45._(foreign)learn Mandarin(普通话)in Confucius institutions.The Chinese traditional culture can_46._(test)by the time.It unites the whole nation_47._no matter what kind of disaste