2021届上海民办新北郊高级中学高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析.pdf

2021 届上海民办新北郊高级中学高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A A medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted.Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule.Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis,with sensors that“feel,”and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.But in practice,Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch(从头开始)is costly,time-consuming and requires advanced skills.“The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,”said Valdastri in an interview.“And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch,which didnt make sense.”Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components:a microprocessor,communication submodules,an energy source,sensors,and actuators(致动器),Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease.They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos.The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule,down to about 14 mm.Additionally,they compiled(编译)a library of components that designers could choose from,enabling hundreds of different combinations.They arranged it all in a free online system.Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch,people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,”Valdastri said.Now,the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding.Researchers at Scotlands Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠).One research group,led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong,is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.One limitation of Valdastris system is that its only for designing models.Researchers can confirm their hypotheses(假设)and do first design using the platform,but will need to move to a custom approach to develop their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.1.According to the passage,Valdastri and his team created the platform to _.A.adopt the latest technologies B.make their robots dream come true C.help build specialized capsule robots D.do preciser observation and diagnosis 2.What does the underlined phrase“work in concert”mean in Para.3?A.Perform live.B.Run independently.C.Act in a cooperative way.D.Carry on step by step.3.What can be learnt from the passage?A.Valdastris system cant provide a complete capsule creation.B.The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.C.The capsules can move in humans body automatically.D.It costs more to module the capsules on the board.B Planned missions to the moon need to hurry up to avoid hitting one of the busiest periods for extreme space weather,according to scientists conducting the most in-depth ever research on solar storm timing.Scientists at theUniversityofReadingstudied 150 years of space weather data to look into patterns in the timing of the most extreme events,which can be extremely dangerous to astronauts and satellites.This new research on space weather timing allows predictions to be made for extreme space weather.Therefore,it could be used to plan the timing of activities,which could be affected by extreme space weather,for example,major space missions.The researchers found for the first time that extreme space weather events are more likely to occur early in or late solar cycles-such as the one just starting.The findings may have influences on the NASA-led Artemis mission.It plans to make humans return to the moon in 2024,but can be put off to the late 2020s.Professor Mathew Owens,a space physicist at theUniversityofReading,said,“Until now,the most extreme space weather events were thought to berandomin their timing.Though there is no set pattern of the events,this research suggests they are more predictable.”In the new study,the scientists used a new method applying statistical modelling to storm timing for the first time.Previous research generally focused on how big extreme space weather events can be,based on observations of previous events.Predicting their timing is far more difficult because extreme events are rare,so there is ly little historic data to identify patterns.The findings suggest that any major planned space missions,which is beyond the next five years,will have to consider the higher probability of extreme space weather late in the present solar cycle between 2026 and 2030.4.What can we learn about the study from the first two paragraphs?A.It has lasted just 150 years.B.It doesnt refer to space weather data.C.It shows space weather has no effect on astronauts.D.It makes it possible to predict extreme space weather.5.Why might the NASA-led Artemis mission be put off?A.To research solar cycles.B.To avoid effects of space weather.C.To meet the needs of the astronauts.D.To make humans return to Earth in 2024.6.What does the underlined word“random“in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Irregular.B.Easy.C.Limited.D.Changeless.7.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The study is useful for future space missions.B.The planned space missions should be put off.C.Extreme space weather will happen before 2026.D.Previous observations make no difference to the study.C Identifying the chemical makeup of pigment(色素)used in ancient documents,paintings,and watercolor1 s is criticalto restoring and conserving the precious artworks.However,despite numerous efforts,scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium,a popular blue dye used to color1 manuscripts(手稿)in Europe during the middle ages from the 5th to the 15th century.Now,a team of researchers fromPortugalhas finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color1 that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began byporing overinstructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th,14th,and 15th centuries.They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitledThe Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books.However,translating the instructions was no easy task.It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language,and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant,no name was mentioned.However,by piecing together suggestions from the text,the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant.After an extensive search,the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town ofMonsarazin southPortugal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues including the best time to pick the berries.“You need to squeeze the fruits,being careful not to break the seeds,and then to put them on linen(亚麻).”The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment,producing an inferior quality ink.The dyed linen,which was left to dry,was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times.When needed,the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color1.Once the key ingredient had been identified,the researchers began to determine the dyes molecular structure.To their surprise,they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes it was an entirely new class of color1,one they named chrozophoridin.“Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.”the team wrote in the study.“Thus,we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”8.The primary purpose of the study is to _.A.restore and conserve ancient precious artworks B.determine the substance making up the folium C.prove the ancient dye-making technique was organic D.identify which class of color1 folium belongs to 9.The underlined phrase“poring over”in the second paragraph means _.A.discussing publicly B.testing repeatedly C.passing directly D.reading carefully 10.What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A.It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B.It was the only kind made from wild berries.C.It could be carried and used easily.D.It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.11.The article is mainly about _.A.how the mystery ofa thousand-year-old blue dye was solved B.why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dye C.what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plant D.when and where the discovery of the dye was made D For fishermen and sailors in the seaside town of Shangpan in Linhai,Zhejiang province,where recently 12 stranded（搁浅的）whales were found,it is not unusual to spot whales or dolphins in the sea they would always call them haizi,or“son of the ocean”.And if the local fishermen spot such intelligent sea creatures in need,they will save them from danger without hesitation.In the recent rescue of melon-headed whales,they tried their best to help as a 37-second video of a young man sleeping in the water holding a whale soon went viral online,with netizens applauding his constant efforts and caring heart in trying to keep the whale alive.“The melon-headed whale knew I was trying to save it and would be more cooperative and wouldnt move.”said Lu Wenhui,a 21-year-old diver from Hangzhou Changqiao Polar Ocean Park,who held up the whales head so it could breathe easily.Lu had been staying in the water for 10 hours by 4 a.m.Wednesday after coming for the rescue work on Tuesday,when the stranded whales were first spotted.“Whales are mammals and need to breathe in air thats why I had to hold its head,to ensure it could breathe smoothly the whole time,”Lu said.The stranded whales,after the struggling of being transported,were worn out when they arrived at the fish farm and might have drowned if they were left unattended.The reason why the whales were stranded is still not clear.And these stranded whales were returned to the ocean because they are not adapted to artificial breeding environments on land.12.What do local fishermen usually do after finding haizi in danger?A.Ignore them.B.Feed them.C.Transport them.D.Protect them.13.Why does the author describe Lus rescue work?A.To introduce the whales in detail.B.To voice his views on the diver.C.To praise the efforts made by rescuers.D.To explain the value of the whales.14.What can we say about the melon-headed whales according to the text?A.They are rarely seen by locals.B.They are used to breathing in the sea.C.They arent suited to artificial surroundings.D.They are fond of swimming near the seaside.15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Melon-headed Whales Were Stranded B.Rescuers Went All out to Help Whales C.Fishermen Transported Stranded Whales D.Witnesses Voiced Opinions on Rescue Work 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Is Managing Kids Screen Time a Good Idea?Screen time is a big topic of conversation in todays households,particularly during the pandemic when online education hours have multiplied for many students._16_They hope to spare their kids from the countless challenges that technology can bring.Yet the challenges of screen time overuse seldom come from kids devices themselves,but rather from the tense relationships that technology can bring to families._17_But technology has positive benefits too.Since every child and family is different,managing screen time calls for joint family decision-making.If parents believe they can manage a childs screen time through adolescence,they are not only fooling themselves but also inviting relationship trouble with their teens.It is a myth to think that parents can or should manage their kids screen time through authoritarian restrictions,even during elementary school._18_When children are left out of those decisions,they often become less communicative with parents and siblings.This is the opposite of what parents want to achieve._19_From early ages,children are quite capable of understanding that a good life involves awareness and balance.Just as they learn right from wrong,and good from bad,they can also learn to use technology in healthy ways.Learning how to regulate oneself and develop healthy behaviors is one of the primary tasks of childhood and adolescence.What happens when an adult tries to regulate a child is that the child misses out on the opportunity to learn for themselves.Enforced restrictions can also make children feel helpless and less confident.To be clear,this article is not suggesting that families never use apps or trackers,or that there should be no restrictions on screen time._20_Parents should give voice to children and involve them in the planning and decision-making process.A.Of course,there are websites that are unhealthy for kids to access.B.The alternative is to involve children in decisions that govern screen time.C.However,every family needs a family media plan between family members.D.The goal is to see,hear,feel,and understand how children view screen time.E.To manage childrens screen time,parents have invested in apps and trackers.F.To get children involved,parents should trust and develop kids self-awareness.G.What it is suggesting is that parents look at managing screen time in a different way.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Steve was a seventh grader,a big boy,looking more like a teenager than a 12yearold.Yet,he went unnoticedhe had been_21_every examination since first gradeuntil Miss Wilma appeared.In the middle of the first semester of school,the entire seventh grade was_22_for basic skills.“You all did pretty well，”Miss Wilma told the class after going over the_23_，“except for one boy.And it_24_my heart to tell you this,but.”she_25_，“the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.”Steve_26_his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.After that,Steve still wouldnt do his homework.Even if Miss Wilma_27_punished him,he remained_28_.“Steve,please!I care about you！”_29_,Steve got it!“Someone CARES ABOUT ME？！”One Monday a couple of weeks later,Miss Wilma gave a_30_onthe weekend homework.Steve_31_through the test and was the first to hand in his paper.With a look of_32_，Miss Wilma took his paper and began to look it over.Miss Wilmas face was in a_33_shock!She glanced up at Steve,then_34_，then up.The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!From