2021届东莞市竹溪中学高三英语下学期期中试卷及参考答案.pdf
2021 届东莞市竹溪中学高三英语下学期期中试卷及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Older adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia(痴呆症)and other cognitive(认知的)issues,a new study finds.Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors(ages 65 to 85)dementia risk and cognitive abilities,finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours.Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues,but the researchers didnt find the same high dementia risk in this group.The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle,especially as they get older.As adults age,its common for their sleep patterns to change or becomedisrupted leading to longer,shorter,or more irregular sleep.This disruption may be linked to Alzheimers and other forms of dementia,impacting seniors ability to remember information,problem-solve,and go through everyday behaviors.Sleep disruption can also be caused by or heighten depression,cardiovascular disease（冠心病）,and other conditions.A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours,the researchers said.Six or fewer hours corresponded to short sleep,while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid,a protein in the brain that is typically found in high levels when a patient develops Alzheimers.In addition,the researchers used several tests for memory,attention,spatial skills,and executive function to identify patients cognitive abilities.Those patients sleeping for six hours or fewer a night were more likely to develop dementia,the researchers found.The low-sleep patients had higher levels of beta amyloid.The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests,while those with higher sleep(more hours)performed worse on executive function tests，which measure the brains ability to switch between different tasks.The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life,Winer told CNN.1.What does the underlined word“disrupted”in paragraph 4 mean?A.difficult B.disordered C.dissolved D.different 2.According to the findings,which of the following is NOT related to the disrupted sleep?A.It is more likely to cause old people to have bad memories over issues.B.It may contribute to dementia,cardiovascular disease and other illnesses.C.Some daily behaviors perhaps differ from those whose sleeping is normal.D It tends to bring all the old people to undergo brain scans and cognitive tests.3.What can we infer from the study?A.A proper sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours.B.Low and high sleep patients were both poor at memory tests.C.Executive function test is applied to measure the capacity of brain.D.Keeping a healthy sleep for older adults late in life is crucial.B In a world simultaneously on fire and underwater thanks to climate change,scientists have announced some good news:Several important tuna(金枪鱼)species have stepped back from the edge of extinction.The unexpectedly fast recovery speaks to the success of efforts over the past decade to end overfishing.But tuna are not the only species scientists are discussing at the 2021 World Conservation Congress in Marseille,France,which is organized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).Researchers caution that many other marine species remainimperiled.For instance,more than a third of the worlds sharks remain threatened with extinction due to overfishing,habitat loss,and climate change.“I think the good news is that sustainable fisheries are possible,”says Beth Polidoro,a marine biologist at Arizona State University.“We can eat fish in a proper way and without driving the population to the point where it is on the road to collapse or extinction.At the same time,she warned that the changes in status should not be an reason to catch as many fish as we want.The IUCN,which ranks the worlds most endangered species on its Red List of Threatened Species and is backed by 16,000 experts across the globe,also announced at the meeting that some animals are moving in the other direction,onto the Red List.One notable example is the Komodo dragon,an island-living lizard at particular risk from climate change.For the better part of two decades,Polidoro has been part of a specialist group tasked with assessing the statuses of more than 60 species of tuna and billfishes for the IUCN.Her team announced its first comprehensive findings in 2011,mentioning that a number of commercially fished tuna species were dangerously close to disappearing.According to the new data,the Atlantic bluefin tuna(Thunnus thynnus),once listed as endangered,now qualifies for a status of least concern.As does the yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)and albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga),which were both considered near-threatened the last time they were assessed.4.What does the underlined word“imperiled”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Endangered B.Conserved C.Extinct D.Safe 5.What can we infer from Polidoros words?A.Too many fish are being eaten by human beings.B.Eating fish does not necessarily lead to its extinction.C.Fish species are on the edge of dying out if no action is taken.D.The situation of underwater species are changing for the better.6.Which of following statement is true according to the passage?A.Some Tuna species are wiped out by overfishing.B.Tuna are ranked as the worlds most endangered species.C.Climate change poses a threat to most species in water and on land.D.Three tuna species have been saved from extinction according to the data.7.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Some tuna species are reported endangered recently.B.IUCN has helped saved a great many marine species.C.Improvement has been made in saving marine species.D.Great efforts should be made to conserve species underwater.C Most children who have suffered from ADHD still have it as teens.During teen years,especially as the hormonal changes of teenagers are going on and the demands of school and extra-curricular activities are increasing,ADHD may get worse.Because of problems with getting unfocused and poor concentration,many teens with ADHD have problems in school.Grades may fall,especially if the teen is not getting ADHD treatment.Its not uncommon for teens with ADHD to forget their homework,lose textbooks,and become bored with their daily class work.Teens may become inattentive or extremely attentive,not waiting for their turn before blurting out answers.They may cut in on their teacher and classmates.Teens with ADHD may also befidgetyand find it hard to sit still in class.Often,teens with ADHD are so busy focusing on other things that they forget about the task at hand.This can be seen especially with homework and athletic skills and in relationships with their schoolmates.This lack of attention to what theyre doing often leads to bad grades on tests and being passed over for sports teams,after-school activities,and learning teams.Kids with ADHD can be targets for bullying,too.But,not all children with ADHD have trouble getting along with others.If your child does,you can take measures to help improve their social skills and relationships.ADHD affects all parts of a teenagers life.As a parent you should discover your teens troubles as early as possible.The earlier your childs troubles are discovered,the more successful the following steps can be.8.What does the author plan to do in paragraph 1?A.To list the types of ADHD.B.To introduce the main topic.C.To show the authors opinion.D.To explain the causes of ADHD.9.What does the underlined word“fidgety”probably mean in paragraph 2?A.Clever.B.Noisy.C.Restless.D.Lazy.10.What is the text mainly about?A.Ways to deal with ADHD.B.Effects of ADHD on teens.C.Teens school performances.D.Demands of school work.11.What may the following paragraph talk about?A.How parents can help a teen with ADHD.B.The importance of healthy peer relationships.C.How many children are suffering from ADHD.D.Different opinions about treating ADHD in teens.D As is commonly known,Antarcticais an icy continent with extreme environment.However,a new study provides evidence that the area had a rainforest in the past.The researchers collected a piece of Earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast ofAntarctica.In the sediment,they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old.At that period,dinosaurs were the ruler animals of the land.Johann Klages,a German geologist,was the lead writer of a study on the findings,published in the journalNature.He said the sediment was collected from a depth of about 30 meters below the ocean floor.Klages said an examination showed that the material didnt form in the ocean.The researchers estimate that the area about 900 kilometers from the South Pole had average yearly temperatures of about12Cto13C.The soil included fine dirt particles and hard clay,as well as substances linked to at least 65 different kinds of plants,the study found.Although no animal remains were found,Klages said there were likely dinosaurs,flying reptiles and many insects in the environment.The research represents new evidence of the major climate changes Earth experienced in the past and is currently undergoing today.The soil in the sediment dates back to the planets warmest period of the past 140 million years,with sea level about 170 meters higher than today.The researchers said that the rainforest environment inAntarcticawas especially surprising because each year,the area experiences a four-month polar night when there is no sunlight to fuel plant life.Klages said no ice sheets were present during the time,but seasonal snowfall was likely.12.What can we learn about the sediment collected?A.It formed in the age of dinosaurs.B.It was found on theAntarcticaland.C.Ancient forest material was found in it.D.Some dinosaur remains were found in it.13.How did the researchers reach their findings?A.By analyzing the Earth sediment.B.By exploring ice inAntarctica.C.By collecting data on climate.D.By researching special plants.14.What can be indicated in the last paragraph?A.Seasonal snowfall made the forest disappear.B.Antarctica was much colder 140 million years ago.C.Antarcticas natural environment has changed greatly.D.Polar nights inAntarcticaare getting shorter than before.15.What is the main idea of the text?A.Rainforest disappeared fromAntarctica.B.Antarctica had a different history of climate.C.Researchers studied a piece of Earth sediment ofAntarctica.D.Antarcticahad an extreme environment containing ice and snow.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 It hurts to see someone you care about struggling in a relationship that seems to take away their joy and happiness.If you realize that your close friends have this issue,then its possible to help them._16_.Listen _17_.As your friend talks,support him or her and do not apply any pressure.Argument is one of the worst things because it can push away your friends.When someone is heartbroken,what he/she needs most is a person who can listen to them.Say what you think honestly One of the most important ways of helping your friends who are in a harmful relationship is by being direct and honest with the person._18_.Your friends may value your take on the matter more seriously if they feel that you are honest with them.However,maintain a gentle attitude while talking._19_.If youve ever been in a harmful experience before,then you have a very powerful weapon to help your friends.Talk about your own sad story so as to share similar experience with the person who is currently suffering.However,do not share in a way to blame your friends.Be as gentle as possible.Relationships can be difficult._20_.Otherwise,you may harm your friend or make the hurt even more awful.A.Share your own story B.Share your friends experience C.Listen to your friends sufferings and argue with them D.Friends can go far if they love listening to one another E.Tell them just what they need,not what they are eager to hear F.Here are some tips you need to help someone who is in trouble G.Its always wise to be careful when helping a friend who is in trouble 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Did you know that truck driving is one of the unhealthiest professions?Smoking,obesity（肥胖），high blood pressure,_21_physical activity.In a national survey,61%of long-distance truck drivers have two or more health_22_.I know what thats like because for nearly four years,I was a truck_23_myself.In trucking,its all about the_24_schedules.Every second_25_.Eat.Sleep.Drive.Thats all you have time for.How was I going to fit in_26_?Two months after I started,I found my face was_27_when I checked out my reflection in the mirror.One night,I was watching TV and_28_an exercise machine.The inventor said_29_that four minutes on the machine would give the_30_of an hour-long workout.I thought that was_31_.There was only one way to find out.Id have to_32_it.Not the machine itself it was large and cost$15,000.I came up with a workout plan using my own_33_without any equipment.Anytime I had a few_34_,I worked out.Beside my truck at rest stops,Id do exercise.Some of the guys_35_me.But some drivers would come up and say,Man,I really need to do this.Could you_36_me?”I did and gave them exercise and nutrition_37_while exercising in front of my truck.The more I_38_them,the more I realized my new routine wasnt just for me.It was meant to help other people find their way to_39_.That is what Im doing and Ive never felt more_40_.21.A.active B.easy C.limited D.enough 22.A.systems B.magazines C.clubs D.problems 23.A.repairer B.driver C.conductor D.seller 24.A.delivery B.training C.production D.exercising 25.A.passes B.judges C.exists D.counts 26.A.working out B.taking off C.living on D.giving up 27.A.longer B.smaller C.cleaner D.fuller 28.A.picked out B.came across C.set up D.put aside 29.A.casually B.firmly C.gently D.occasionally 30.A.standards B.pleasure C.benefits D.advance 31.A.ridiculous B.common C.natural D.different 32.A.research B.examine C.try D.match 33.A.mind B.body C.duty D.decision 34.A.months B.weeks C.days D.minutes 35.A.educated B.disturbed C.teased D.inspired 36.A.encourage B.protect C.comfort D.teach 37.A.tips B.voices C.reports D.choices 38.A.consulted B.praised C.coached D.persuaded 39.A.recovery B.health C.victory D.treatment 40.A.satisfied B.independent C.touched D.fortunate 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Chinese Film industry develops fast in recent years.During the National Day holiday,a film named My People,My Hometown overtook the cartoon Legend of Deification(姜子牙)to top the countrys box-office charts,setting_41._new record.The film consisting of five stories is in_42._(celebrate)of
