2021年荣成市第二十一中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及答案.pdf

2021 年荣成市第二十一中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Amid the coronavirus outbreak,the U.S.Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two-week supply of water and food.Potatoes Shelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool,dry,dark place Yukon Gold,red,and fingerling potatoes will last from two to three weeks.Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks.Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life.Dont store them next to onions,however.The two might go together well in cooking,but raw,each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea Shelf life：6 to 12 months past sell-by date Dried tea leaves,whether loose(in a sealed container)or in teabags(in an unopened box)can easily last a year or more if they re not subjected to damp or humidity.However,the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts Shelf life：1 to 2 months Peanuts in their shell,especially when kept cool and dry,are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables Shelf life：1 to 2 years past sell-by”date Canningis an extremely efficient means of preserving food.Generally speaking,if canned foods arent subjected to extreme heat,their contents should stay good for two years or more.Be aware,however,of dented cans or those with swollen tops,which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1.Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A.Potatoes.B.Tea.C.Peanuts.D.Canned fruits and vegetables.2.What is special about tea?A.The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B.Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C.Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D.The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3.What may shorten the sell-by”date of canned foods?A.Shapes of cans.B.Categories of foods.C.Decline of the temperature.D.Exposure to high temperature.B We are in lack of enough sleep,according to Arianna Huffington,the co-founder and editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post.And thishas great consequences on our health,our job performance,our relationships and our happiness.What is needed,she ly declares,is nothing short of a sleep revolution.Only by renewing our relationship with sleep can we take back control of our lives.In her bestseller Thrive,Arianna wrote about our need to redefine success through wellbeing,wisdom,wonder,and giving.Her discussion of the importance of sleep as a gateway to this more fulfilling way of living struck such a powerful chord(弦)that she realized the mystery and transformative power of sleep called for a fuller investigation(调查).The result is a scientifically sweeping and personal exploration of sleep from all angles,from the history of sleep,to the role of dreams in our lives,to the consequences of sleep deprivation(剥夺),and the new golden age of sleep science that is showing the vital role sleep plays in our every waking moment and every aspect of our health from weight gain,diabetes,and heart disease to cancer and Alzheimers.In The Sleep Revolution,Arianna shows how our cultural removal of sleep as time wasted damages our health and our decision-making and our work lives and shortens our personal lives.She explores all the latest science on what exactly is going on while we sleep and dream.She decides the dangerous sleeping pill industry,and all the ways of our addiction to technology disturb our sleep.She also offers a range of recommendations and tips from leading scientists on how we can get better and more restorative sleep.In todays fast-paced,always-connected and sleep-deprived world,our need for a good nights sleep is more important than ever.The Sleep Revolution both sounds the alarm on our worldwide sleep crisis and provides a detailed road map to the great sleep awakening that can help transform our lives,our communities,and our world.4.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The importance of sleep.B.The necessity of improving sleep.C.The way to improve our sleep.D.The effect of sleep on health.5.What can be inferred about Ariannas attitude to success?A.She thinks good sleep is more important.B.She doesnt think much of becoming successful.C.She thinks it wrong to sacrifice health to success.D.She is concerned about the nature of success.6.What can be said about Ariannas investigation?A.It is really of great value.B.It is scientific and historical.C.It costs Ariannas sleep in practice.D.It covers all necessary aspects scientifically,7.What influence does TheSleep Revolution have on society?A.It helps to slow down the pace of modern life.B.It warns people against taking sleeping pills.C.It warns the harm of inadequate sleep of people.D.It helps to stress the value of sleep to success.C In the world of Chinese archaeology(考古学),a sign of a digs importance is the sight of Zhou Mingsheng at work.A field technician who has worked at archaeological sites all aroundChina.Master Zhou iscredited with the gentlest touch in his profession.Born into a farming family,he is a“national-level craftsman”with a talent for using simple tools to get relics(遗物)that wouldcrumblein other hands,says his current boss,Wang Xu,director of an archaeological site at Shuanghuaishu,a Neolithic(新石器时代的)settlement near the Yellow River in the central province of Henan.It is not beauty that attracts visitors to Shuanghuaishu.At 5,300 years old,the settlement is the work of a culture too simple to have left behind many buried treasures.The single most precious find,to date,is a finger-length sculpture of a silkworm.Nor is the setting lovely:an area surrounded by deafening insects,between a highway and two power stations.Rather,the sites importance is historical.For since the birth of Chinese archaeology in the 1920s,it has been inseparable from claims thatChinahas the oldest unbroken civilisation on Earth.Leading archaeologists say that the site has the right combination of location,age and distinctive cultural elements to be the capital of an early Chinese kingdom.That would make it a bridge betweenChinas written history and the era of the Yellow Emperor,who is said to rule over these central plains almost 5,000 years ago,though many foreign scholars doubt his existence.Chinese media call the site proof ofChinas 5,000 years of history.Foreigners complain about a lack of written records,Mr.Wang notes.Perhaps they are missing symbols that will one day be understood,for instance in patterned pottery.Outsiders“cant keep using Western standards to apply to Chinese ruins,”he argues.8.What does the underlined word“crumble”in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Break.B.Start.C.Wait.D.Shine.9.Why does Shuanghuaishu attract visitors?A.It has appealing scenery.B.It has various precious treasures.C.It is of great historical significance.D.It is easily accessible.10.What is Mr.Wangs attitude towards foreigners view?A.Unconcern.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Not mentioned.11.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Chinese history amazes the world.B.Chinese archaeology catches on.C.China follows its tradition.D.Chinadigs its past.D According to Oxford Dictionaries,morality means:“Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.”Though morality is a rather subjective subject,there are some principles that are universal across all cultures found by an Oxford University study:“help your family,help your group,return favors,be brave,obey superiors,divide resources fairly,and respect others property”.The fact that these morals are found across 60 cultures from around the world demonstrates that morality,though subjective,is the cornerstone of keeping our societies together.Here are some reasons to be moral:without morality,a social life is almost impossible to maintain;having a good reputation and having a clear conscience is psychologically healthy;and most philosophies regard unselfish and principled behavior as important.There is no doubt that without morals,a society cannot function effectively.A confused situation would appear,According to the Society of Morality,“We are social animals,and the actions we take-the things we do and the things we dont do-have consequences on our environments and on the others around us.As a result,we need to be able to govern our behavior in the near term so as not to injure ourselves or our community in the long term.This system of controlling our actions and our thoughts in order to operate in a community is what we often refer to as morality”.Therefore,we need a set of morals in order to operate within a social circle and a social environment.Acting immoral usually results in being excluded from social activities or being avoided by a society based on laws and cultural standards.Besides acting moral having a sociological need,it also has a psychological basis.Most people are concerned to some extent about their reputation.According to PsyPost,“A lot of economic models of human behavior assume that people are only rational(理性的)when they narrowly pursue their own self-interest,but history shows us that people are also tremendously concerned with being and appearing moral”.So,the fear of ones reputation being damaged is often a strong motivator to be moral.And if someonehas been immoral,most people go out of their way to make sure no one finds out,or to correct the behavior in order to not be caught.This goes in line with conscience as well.People generally feel in a better psychological state if they feel that their conscience is clean.A dirty conscience can result in a lack of sleep,anxiety,internal stress,and even illness.On the side of philosophy,the study of ethics(伦理)comes into play.Most philosophers agree that one should rationally choose a set of standards of behavior in order to function.Though there is moral relativism,there are universal anthropological(人类学的)morals,as mentioned in the introduction.By the nature of our societies and cultures,we choose what we believe is right and wrong.But surprising,this rational behavior comes to a general agreement on morals.So,there is a fine line between moral relativism and moral absolutism.But the main thing to take away from this discussion is that philosophers generally believe that each individual has the right to rationally come up with a set of ethics to live by,and that it is healthy to do so.12.The author discusses morality(paragraph 1)in order to _.A.explain the relationship between morality and culture B.describe the moral rules found all around the world C.contrast the distinction between right and wrong D.introduce the definition,principles and reasons of morality 13.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A.acting moral allows us to fit into group better B.morality brings the system of controlling behavior C.contrast the distinction between right and wrong D.introduce the definition,principles and reasons of morality 14.Which of the following is the psychological basis for acting moral?A pursuit of self-interest.B.a clean conscience.C.The concern about reputation.D.a dirty conscience.15.What does the author advise us to do according to the last paragraph?A.To reach a general agreement on morals based on ethics.B.to carve ones own sense of ethics to operate in this world.C.To choose between moral relativism and moral absolutism.D.To exclude philosophers beliefs and solution as well.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 In recent years,more Chinese students have been choosing art school as their first choice when applying for universities overseas,according to the Report on Chinese Students Overseas Study in 2018.Anyone applying to art school should know that ones portfolio（资历证明材料）isa crucial part of the xkw application process._16_ Focus on original,recent work.Admissions officers see so many portfolios on a regular basis,so its important to make yourself stand out as an individual._17_Presenting work that youve done within the last one or two years also provides a more relevant and accurate portrayal（描述）of your skills._18_You dont want to spread yourself too thin,but working with a variety of media and different techniques can convey that you are able to express yourself in diverse ways.Unless the school requires that only finished work beincluded in your portfolio,you should include images that reflect the progress of your work._19_It gives admissions officers insight into the thought that has gone into the work.Make sure that your work shows your true talent._20_Remember never try to make up some merits,which will in turn be a mirror of your dishonesty.However,it is always helpful to look at samples of other art portfolios to see their approach.A.Prepare your portfolio in different languages.B.Show a wide range of work in your portfolio.C.Be proud of what you submit and your own strengths.D.Why is a good portfolio important to your successful application?E.This may include images from a workbook behind the finished product.F.Here are some tips to help you through this process and put your best work out there.G.Its more impressive to express your personal opinion rather than copying anothers work.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 When I was 24,I moved into an apartment and the couple next door were loud all the time.After putting up with it for a couple of weeks,I decided to_21_them and politely ask them to be_22_after noon,as I had to work at midnight,so I_23_went to bed around noon.I went next door and knocked on the door and an old woman answered.I_24_myself and she asked if I came over to complain about the_25_,and I said yes.She_26_both she and her husband were going_27_and that they needed to speak loudly to hear each other.She_28_me in and offered me a coffee and we started talking._29_,we heard a loud bang in the kitchen.Then we found her husband had fallen onto the ground.Immediately,we rushed him to the_30_.When I came home from work the next day,there was a_31_on the door from the lady asking me to come over.When I reached her_32_,she asked if Id drive her,to the hospital,to which I said no_33_.When we got to the hospital,I_34_her to his room,where he thanked me.Soon I ended up being friends with this couple_35_they moved away a year later.One day after ten years,I got a_36_from a lawyer.I was_37_what was going on,so I went down and when I arrived at his office,the lawyer asked me if i knew a_38_by their names and I said yes.He told me that the couple had died and he was_39_by their children to find me.They wanted to thank me personally.I_40_the family and then we became friends!You can never know when,where or how you are next going to make new friends.Life is full of surprises.Whatever happens,try to treat others exactly as you would like to be treated.21.A.challenge B.treat C.face D.punish 22.A.quieter B.calmer C.kinder D.slower 23.A.seldom B.already C.always D.still 24.A.expressed B.examined C.improved D.introduced 25.A.stress B.noise C.s