2021年蕉岭县广福中学高三英语第四次联考试题及答案解析.pdf

2021 年蕉岭县广福中学高三英语第四次联考试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A People in the Middle Ages did eat with their hands.Personal utensils(餐具)were mostly unheard of,especially forks.There were spoons to help serve,but only special guests would receive a knife from the host.Everyone else would be expected to bring their own.Of course,eating with ones hands can be quite a sticky situation,so towels were provided to help diners stay at least somewhat clean as they ate.Still,dining was often a messy affair.At special occasions in the wealthiest households,women tended to dine alone,separate from the men.Women were expected to uphold a quality of grace.Eating greasy meat by hand would certainly not help!Once the men and women had finished their meals,they would come together to socialize.Dietary scholars of the Middle Ages believed that the foods in a meal needed to be served and eaten in order of heaviness.The lightest and most easily digested foods,such as fruits and cheeses,were eaten first to help the digestive(消化)system get started.Once digestion was underway,greens and light meats,such as lettuce,cabbage and chicken,could be eaten.Last came the heavier vegetables and meats,such as carrots,beans,beef,pork,and mutton.This method was considered the most healthful way to eat.The main and largest meal of the day was supper,and it was eaten at midday.Dinner was a light meal,and many of those in nobility(贵族)-the highest levels of the Middle Ages society-skipped breakfast altogether.Breakfast was considered unnecessary for those who did not perform physical work.Snacks and any other eating during the day were viewed the same way.Commoners,or the working class,were allowed to eat breakfast and small meals throughout the day.1.What did people in the Middle Ages usually do at the dinner table?A.They cleaned hands before meals.B.They used personal utensils.C.They had to use knives at dinner.D.They ate mostly with hands.2.What is the third paragraph mainly about?A.The order of eating foods.B.The weight of various foods.C.The principles of digesting foods.D.The list of healthy foods.3.Why did the nobility avoid eating breakfast?A.Breakfast was wasted for the nobility.B.Breakfast was viewed as unnecessary.C.Breakfast was considered as a light meal.D.Breakfast was saved for commoners.B Light pollution is a significant but overlooked driver of the rapid decline of insect populations,according to the most comprehensive review of the scientific evidence to date.Artificial light at night can affect every aspect of insects lives,the researchers said.We strongly believe artificial light at night in combination with habitat loss,chemical pollution.invasive(入侵的)species,and climate change is driving insect declines,the scientists concluded after assessing more than 150 studies.Insect population collapses have been reported around the world,and the first global scientific review published in February,said widespread declines threatened to cause a catastrophic collapse of natures ecosystems.There are thought to be millions of insect species,most still unknown to science,and about half are active at night.Those active in the day may also be disturbed by light at night when they are at rest.The most familiar impact of light pollution is moths(飞蛾)flapping around a bulb,mistaking it for the moon.Some insects use the polarisation of light to find the water they need to breed,as light waves line up after reflecting from a smooth surface.But artificial light can scupper(使泡汤)this.Insects areimportant prey(猎物)for many species,but light pollution can tip the balance in favour of the predator if it traps insects around lights.Such increases in predation risk were likely to cause the rapid extinction of affected species,the researchers said.The researchers said most human-caused threats to insects have analogues in nature,such as climate change and invasive species.But light pollution is particularly hard for insects to deal with.However,unlike other drivers of decline,light pollution is ly easy to prevent.Simply turning off lights that are not needed is the most obvious action,he said,while making lights motion-activated also cuts light pollution.Shading lights so only the area needed is lit up is important.It is the same with avoiding blue-white lights,which interfere with daily rhythms.LED lights also offer hope as they can be easily tuned to avoid harmful colours and flicker rates.4.What is discussed in the passage?A.Causes of declining insect populations.B.Consequences of insect population collapses.C.Light pollution:the key bringer of insect declines.D.Insect declines:the driver of the collapsed ecosystem.5.What is the 5th paragraph mainly about?A.How light travels in space.B.How light helps insects find food.C.How the food chain is interrelated.D.How light pollution affects insects.6.What does the underlined wordanaloguesin Paragraph 6probably mean?A.Selective things.B.Similar things.C.Variations.D.Limitations.7.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A.To offer solutions.B.To give examples.C.To make comparisons.D.To present arguments.C Following the Famous Silk Roads The Silk Roads were a networkof ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to theMediterranean.A key section of the Silk Roads is the Changan-Tianshan corridor（走廊）,whichstretchesover a distance of around 5,000 kilometres through China,Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan,covering a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes.The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage(遗产)status which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor.This made history as the first successful multinational World Heritage application.The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Roads network isXian,inShanxiProvince.Further west on the Silk Roads,the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high,snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through theTianshanMountainsand emerge in the valleys ofCentral Asia.Although the Changan-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Roads ends here,the network continues westwards until it reaches theMediterranean.The corridor began to develop in the 2nd century.Assigned by the emperor,the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Changan toCentral Asia,seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.Following Zhangs efforts,trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time,with the routes network reaching as far as theRoman Empire.Economic activities along the routes network were not limited to trade in silk.They contributed many other items to the marketplace of goods.The routes were busy with camels carrying loads of goods and businessmen selling everything imaginable.Chinas exports included silk,porcelain,ironware and tea,while horses,jewellery,spices and grapes were all imported over vast distances from the West.In addition to trade exchange,the network served as a bridge for cultural exchange which shaped the evolution of science,art,technology and many other areas in societies along the network.Astronomy and mathematics were introduced toChinafromIndiaandArabia;important Chinese inventions such as papermaking and printing were brought to the West.All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods,knowledge and ideas.These routes connected Eastern and Western civilizations,which achieved a shared development.The addition of the Changan-Tianshan corridor to the UNESCO World Heritage List is a milestone in recognition of the Silk Roads as a crucial part of humanitys common heritage.8.The key section of the Silk Roads is_.A.the Mediterranean B.Xian,inShanxiProvince C.KazakhstanandKyrgyzstan D.the Changan-Tianshan corridor 9.The underlined word“stretches”in Paragraph 1 is close in meaning to_.A.stands B.spreads C.moves D.flies 10.Zhang Qian travelled from Changan toCentral Asiato_.A.export silk,porcelain,ironware and tea B.purchase horses,jewellery,spices and grapes C.seek help from the most powerful western countries D.build bridges between his country and other countries 11.What was the role of the Silk Roads according to the passage?A.It helped to change the wild deserts to grasslands.B.It was recognized by the UNESCO asChinas heritage.C.It speeded up the development of the countries involved.D.It started a trade competition between countries along the way.D The race skywards began inAmerica.In the late1800s,industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up,making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective,according to Carol Willis,director of theSkyscraperMuseuminNew York,“The very first tall buildings were office buildings that concentrated a work force,piled one on top of the other in order to make business very efficient,”she says.Like all major changes in architecture,the trend wasunderpinnedby engineering.The development of steel framework,which could be used instead of load-bearing stones,made it easier and cheaper to build tall.The coming of the elevator,meanwhile,made living on higher floors far more convenient.Though similar in shape,todays skyscrapers(摩天大楼)look little like those built in the first half of the 20thcentury.This is mostly thanks to architectures next major technological shift：the curtain wall.Postwar developments in manufacturing meant that huge panes of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly,and glass windows soon became the front of choice for high-rises.As well as allowing for greater floor space and more natural light,glass exteriors(外部)help.buildings resist greater windloads.There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall.But that doesnt mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely.While each additional story adds sellable floor space,construction costs also rise.All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it brings.“Every city wants to have this landmark that gives that sense of distinct culture,”but it also needs places for people to live and work in urban settings“without the city sprawling(无序扩张),”explains Hong Kong architect Simon Chan.The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height：At a time when buildings and their construction account for more than a third of the worlds energy consumption and contribute about 40%of greenhouse gas emissions(排放),there are new costs to consider.Whether its employing more energy-efficient materials,encouraging natural air or using buildings themselves to generate solar or wind energy,reducing carbon emissions is the new frontier for many skyscraper architects.12.What does the underlined word“underpinned”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Created.B.Prepared.C.Suggested.D.Supported.13.What made living on higher floors much more convenient?A.The development of steel framework.B.Load-bearing stones.C.The use of the elevator.D.The curtain wall.14.What can we know from paragraph 5?A.Our cities will grow taller definitely.B.All skyscrapers are at least 300 meters tall.C.Construction cost rises as the stories increase.D.The profit for builders will be greater as the building becomes higher.15.Whats the next big challenge facing architects?A.How to build the greenest building.B.How to build the strongest building.C.How to build the tallest building in the world.D.How to build the most comfortable building.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month._16_ One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories._17_We know that,while awake,freshmemories are recorded by reinforcing(加强)connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the braincan be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to form the next day._18_ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right._19_The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a nights,we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size._20_“You keep what matters,”Tononi says.A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.B.Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C.Similarly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,”says Giulio Tononi,who developed the idea.G.Tononis team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 In the process of celebratingmy 60th birthday with a 60 day kindness challenge,I got the greatest birthday surprise from my daughters.When they asked me what I_21_for my birthday,I said,please do a_22_act for someone in my _23_They took it way_24_ They got in_25_with all my friends and family members and asked them to do the_26_thing I had asked of them,as my birthday_27_.Then they asked them to_28_them after they had done their_29_and tell them what they had done.They also askedtheir friends to do the same.On my birthday,I was presented with a_30_scrapbook(剪贴簿）filled with pictures and all the kindness acts written out in their own words,_31_me what they had done and how it made them feel.The acts ranged from_32_frequent flyer miles(飞行积分）so someone could visit their mom,shortening showers duration(长度）to help with the water_33_,bringing an elderly neighbor coffee in the morning,stopping to buy a_34_person lunch,_35_at a Red Cross blood drive,to many,many other beautiful gestures.I cannot tell you how_36_I was by this gift,and even more touched that their young adult friends would_37_with such love and enthusiasm.I cannot_38_a better gift.I share this story with the_39_that many a beautiful someone”passes on this idea.The joy of it is_40_！21.A.wanted B.planned C.recommended D.suspected 22.A.brightness B.kindness C.happiness D.politeness 23.A.reputation B.belief C.honor D.trust 24.A.farther B.deeper C.bigger D.greater 25.A.trouble B.agreement C.touch D.tune 26.A.various B.precious C.meaningful D.same 27.A.present B.promise C.contribution D.sacrifice 28.A.talk to B.wr