2021届九江县第一中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析.pdf

2021 届九江县第一中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Getting your kid to bed at night is seriously one of the most challenging things youll ever have to do.Most kids are just so full of energy that theyll tire you out before theyre halfway through their store of energy.An easy thing to calm down your child to get into bed is giving in and allowing some iPad screen time.However,its really not a great idea,just like you thought.Researchers at theArizonaStateUniversityconducted a study with 547 kids between the ages of 7 to 9.Their parents tracked how much screen time the kids were allowed along with their sleep patterns.The study found that kids who did not engage in screen time before bed slept for 23 more minutes every week and also went to sleep about 34 minutes earlier than those playing with iPad.Although that might not seem like so much more time,quality of sleep is vastly important in Childrens development.The CDCs(美国疾病控制中心)2018 National Youth Risk Survey outlines that good quality sleep can impact a childs life in many ways,including affecting grades and also weight gain.Students with an A average slept for 30 or more minutes per night than those with a D orF average.A 2018PennsylvaniaStateUniversitystudy showed that children with irregular bedtimes had a higher risk of having increased body weight.Those with consistent and age-appropriate bedtimes when they were 9 years old had a healthier BMI(体质指数)at age 15 than those with irregular bedtimes.Hard as it is,its really important not to give in and hand over an iPad to your child who is about to go to bed.Just like its important for adults to go to sleep without any distractions,its even more important for kids.1.What do the findings of the researchers at theArizonaStateUniversitysuggest?A.More sleep is necessary for childrens development.B.Enough sleep helps improve academic performances.C.Screen time before bed leads to later and less sleep.D.Children sleeping irregularly are easy to gain weight.2.What is the text mainly about?A.How is screen time affecting teenagers?B.What are negative effects of irregular bedtimes?C.When should you get your kid to bed at night?D.Why is screen time before bed a bad idea for kids?3.Who is the text intended for?A.Parents.B.Children.C.Teachers.D.Researchers.B From skateboarding to Fleetwood Mac,TikTok users got creative in a pandemic(流行病)year with new songs,dances and shows in 60 seconds or less.The social mediavideo app on Wednesday shared its list of top 100 videos,creators and trends in America during 2020.“These videos brought joy and inspiration to millions of Americans in the rough year,”said Kudzi Chikumbu,director of creator community at TikTok.The platform has been widely associated with Generation Z(people born after 1996),millennials(people born in the 1980s or 1990s)and influencers who have started careers based on the shared videos.The WeekndsBlinding Lightsand Jason Derulos Savage Loveinspired TikTok dance challenges that made them among the top songs used on the app.For some TikTok creators,the pandemic itself became inspiration to create a connection with other users.Comedian Caitlin Reilly used the app during quarantine(隔离)to make fun of those annoying coworkers for one of the top liked videos.And singer Curtis Roach made an song for the endless days at home with his song Bored in the House.The second most popular video was an Idaho man named Nathan Apodaca who shot to fame after coolly singing Dreams by Fleetwood Mac,while skateboarding on a highway.But the most liked TikTok video was awarded to Bella Poarch with 45 million followers,who created a simple but interesting video with a few seconds of well-timed head nods and eye rolls.While the app might be designed for youth,Chikumbu said that the growth of TikTok this year has pushed it more into mainstream culture.“Youre seeing everyone from the teenager to the college students with their parents and then their grandparents all making videos,”said Chikumbu.“And now TikTok trulytranscendsgenerations,particularly in this year when people had a lot of time to dig in and not only watch,but try.”4.What do we know about The Weeknd?A.He created the famous song Dreams.B.He started a career based on shared videos.C.He is probably a popular singer on TikTok.D.He organized the TikTok dance challenges.5.What did Curtis Roach think of his life during quarantine?A.Meaningful.B.Peaceful.C.Content.D.Uninteresting.6.The most popular TikTok video in 2020 was created by _.A.Caitlin Reilly B.Curtis Roach C.Nathan Apodaca D.Bella Poarch 7.What does the underlined word“transcends”in the last paragraph mean?A.Makes use of.B.Goes beyond.C.Calls on.D.Takes charge of.C Have you ever done something for someone elseknowing that your actions would solely benefit THEM and not YOU?Maybe you opened a door or donated blood or volunteered in a hospitals ER during the pandemic.This is called a prosocial behavior.Humans engage in these types of behaviors all the time.But a question remains in science:Are we the only species who do this?As one of out closest s,chimpanzees have long been studied for signs of this.So far,research has provided mixed results on the question.Some studies show that chimps cooperatively hunt,share food and comfort each other.But one study came to a very different conclusion.The study used a controlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclosures were given two options:push a button to give food to themselves or push the button to give food to themselves AND a partner chimp.If they chose the latter,it was seen as a prosocial behavior.But the result is that chimps showed no special preferences for feeding themselves and a friend over feeding just themselves.Another study conducted by DeTroy,however,discovered a totally different result.Compared to previous controlled lab-based experiments,the setup for DeTroys research was very naturalistic.“We installed a button and a fountain into the chimpanzees outer enclosures.When an individual pushes the button,it releases juice from the fountain.However,since the button and fountain are approximately five meters apart,the individual pushing cannot directly drink from the fountain.And if any other chimpanzees are at the fountain when the button is pushed,they,and not the pusher,will be able to drink the juice.In this experiment,chimpanzees showed a willingness to act in the interest of others,with individual chimpanzees prepared to push the button without benefiting themselves.“It is really fascinating to see that many of the chimpanzees were willing to prosocially provide valuable resources to the group members even if they couldnt benefit themselves from their behavior.”said DeTroy.Further research may reveal what lies behind their prosocial motivation.But for now,its safe to assume that chimpanzees are not simply aping human behavior.8.Which of the following belongs to prosocial behaviors?A.Jack participated in voluntary work in the library just to earn credits.B.Mark turned to his classmate for help when feeling stressful in study.C.Tim guided a lost child back home on his way to an important job interview.D.Rose often interrupted the teacher to ask questions actively in the maths class.9.What is the task of the chimpanzees in the lab-based study?A.Sharing food.B.Making a choice.C.Comforting others.D.Showing sympathy.10.How is DeTroys study different from the previous ones?A.It was based on controlled lab experiment.B.It gave juice to the chimpanzees as a reward.C.It offered the tested chimpanzees a natural surrounding.D.It provided a chance for chimpanzees to help their partners.11.What can we learn from DeTroys quotes?A.Chimpanzees can develop abilities to help others.B.Chimpanzees have acquired many human behaviors.C.Chimpanzees in the wild is cleverer than those in the lab.D.Chimpanzees displayed prosocial behaviors for certain rewards.D If you think youd like to live on Mars,you may have that possibility by 2023.A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing(开拓)Mars.Ifyou have all the necessary skills,you could be one of the first colonists.Are you ready for the challenge?You wont have to pay for the mission to Mars.Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances.The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm.Scientists know its quite possible because something similar has already been done inAntarctica.Another problem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the rest of their lives there.When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time,the systems in the body weaken.Luckily,spinning(旋转)the spaceship can create artificial gravity,and artificial gravity can ease these problems.It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home,living in small spaces,and seeing the same people over and over.Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger.Fortunately,a few years ago,a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission studied peoples reactions in a Mars-like environment.It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses.Recent studies show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an adventure.Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists.Are you interested?12.What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs?A.They will land on Mars in 2023.B.They can get money from donors.C.They will compete in a TV show.D.They do not need special skills.13.What will the first colonists do to solve the basic living problems on Mars?A.Create earth-like conditions.B.Build labs inAntarctica.C.Spin the spaceship.D.Start the Mars500Mission.14.What can the life of the first colonists be like according to the passage?A.Difficult and dangerous.B.Different but adaptable.C.Challenging and unbearable.D.Acceptable but depressing.15.Whats the best title for the text?A.Mars:our final destination?B.Ready to be Mars colonists?C.Space travel:a thrilling adventure?D.Are you a qualified Mars astronaut?第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Six Solar Terms in Summer Lixia Lixia is the first solar term in summer,signifying the beginning of the hotsummer._16_People usually consider Lixia as an important solar term.When it comes,the temperature rises obviously,and summer heat arrives,there is a remarkable increase in thunderstorms,and crops enter their peak season for growth.Xiaoman and Mangzhong During Xiaoman,summer harvest crops such as wheat already bear fruits,and their seeds are full though they are not ripe yet.Thus,the solar term is named Xiaoman.The solar term Xiaoman is in late May.Summer begins to reach all parts of the country.Rainfall begins to increase further.Mangzhong means,wheat with awn（芒）should be harvested soon,and rice seeds with awn can be sown._17_ Xiazhi On the day of Xiazhi,the daytime in the Northern Hemisphere（半球）reaches its maxi-mum length._18_At Xiazhi,though there is direct sunlight,it is not the hottest time in a year.Xiaoshu and Dashu _19_Xiaoshu is minor heat,which means its not very hot.The weather is getting increasingly hot,but not the hottest moment yet.The crops in the entire country begin to grow rapidly,and this situation requires more intensive field management.Dashu is extreme heat.Compared to Xiaoshu,its much hotter._20_And it also marks the period with the fastest growth for crops which enjoy heat.A.The charactershumeans heat.B.It predicts the busy farming activities of farmers.C.The temperatures rise and summer drought begins.D.The more northern a place is,the longer its daytime is.E.People need to prepare for heat prevention and cooling.F.It means the end of spring,and the beginning of summer.G.It marks the hottest period with the highest temperatures in a year.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 For most people,having things stolen feels like an offence.Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got_21_when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September.But soon enough,his_22_took a turn.After letting go of his anger and frustration,he found himself on a road to sympathy_23_.For Pruitt,a keen bicyclist,the first thing to do was_24_his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping,he found few available,which got him thinking:What if the_25_of bikes was Covid-19 related,and what if the person whod taken his bike really needed_26_to get to work?With that thought in mind,Pruitt_27_a plan and posted it on the community website.He_28_to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.He also asked for unwanted bikes,which he would repair again_29_.And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didnt have the _30_to buy one.The day the post went live,Pruitt received thirty_31_bicycles.Then came more than 500_32_for detailed information.By the end of 2020,Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be_33_to their owners.Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are_34_struggling._35_simply satisfying a material need,he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.In addition to_36_skills,Pruitts lessons teach teamwork,encourage self-worth,and promote feelings of community._37_,the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.“Its a really great_38_for kids,”said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly providing a_39_,but its not just the bikes.Its the relationships in the community.Its the_40_that he can make on people.”21.A.mad B.frightened C.curious D.amazed 22.A.career B.emotions C.route D.opinions 23.A.yet B.together C.instead D.ever 24.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace 25.A.lack B.variety C.quality D.increase 26.A.permission B.qualification C.transportation D.instruction 27.A.came up with B.stuck to C.gave up D.broke away from 28.A.hesitated B.refused C.remembered D.offered 29.A.on credit B.in advance C.for free D.by accident 30.A.excuse B.budget C.courage D.profit 31.A.expensive B.used C.shared D.modern 32.A.notices B.announcements C.advertisements D.enquiries 33.A.returned B.sold C.lent D.exported 34.A.slightly B.hardly C.truly D.instantly 35.A.Among B.Upon C.Beyond D.Without 36.A.practical B.mathematical C.commercial D.social 37.A.However B.Otherwise C.Somehow D.Meanwhile 38.A.comfort B.celebration C.promise D.experience 39.A.suggestion B.service C.ceremony D.competition 40.A.compromise B.impact C.impression D.progress 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 The Goddess of the Luo River comes alive in a video,w