仁爱版八年级英语上册期末复习知识点.docx

仁爱版八年级英语上册期末复习知识点汇编精华版Unit 1 &考点词汇against , cheer, tea, win , join , club , volleyball ,drea, grow , future , record ,gold , hour , baseball ,heart , relax , leave , ill , mind , practice , throw , myself,care1ess , chance , nothing , invent, score , side , follow ,become , however , tired , mile , instead , habit , feel ,foreign , maybe , shall , pick , hit , winner , finish ,encourage , visitor , environment , mode, ring , symbol&目标短语cheer. on 为加油 quite a bit/ a lot 许多，大量 play for为效力grow up 长大成人 ，成长 in the future 今后,在将来 give up 放弃take part in =be in =take part in参加，加入 both.and. 两个都，既又spend. (in) doing sth.=spendon sth. 花费(时间)做 pretty well 相当好all over the world=throughout the world=around the world全世界 be good for 对有益keep fit=keep healthy=stay healthy保持健康 leave for 动身去某地 fall ill=be ill 患病 arrive in/ at(小地点用at,大地点用in) =get to=reach到达(某地) be glad to (do)乐意于right away=right now=at once=in a minute 立刻，马上 make one's bed 整理床铺do sb. a favor=give sb. a hand=help sb. 帮助某人 shout at sb. 朝某人大叫be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气 be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气 （注意：be有形式变化）do one's best=try ones best 尽(某人)最大努力(后接不定时to do形式) keep doing sth. 继续做某事tudown 关小，调低（反）：turn up开大，调高 ；turn on打开（反）：turn off关闭take a seat =have a seat =sit down 坐下，就座 as well 也，还有 instead of 代替，而不是more and more 越来越(多的) (反)： less and less越来越（少） stand for 象征build up 使增强（buil sb. up增强某人体质） at least 至少，不少于http:/w ww.xkb1. combe ready for=get ready for=prepare for 为作准备be able to=can 能够(后接动词原形，be有各种形式，can只有时态变化)have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得高兴(oneself为反身代词，根据主语用相应形式)&重点句型1. We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three on Sunday.2. I hope our teawill win.3. Which sport do you prefer , cycling or rowing? I prefer rowing.4. Are you going to join the school rowing club? Yes , I am. / No , I'not.5. What are you going to be when you grow up? I'going to be a dancer.6. She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gyevery day.7. They are sure that she will win.8. Michael , could you please do me a favor? Sure. What is it?9. Would you mind if I try it again? Certainly not. Please do.10. I'sorry I'late for class. That's OK. Please take a seat.11. That's very kind of you , but I can manage it myself.12. What do you mean by saying that?13. We are sure to win next time.14. I'll take part in the school meet.15. There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon.16. I'll be able to take part in the Olympic Games.&功能意念1. 请求允许May I come in? Yes , please.Would you mind teaching me? Not at all. /Of course not.Would you mind not putting your bike here? Sorry. I'll put it somewhere else.Would/ Do you mind if l open the window? You'd better not. /I'sorry, it's not allowed.Could you please do me a favor? Sure/Certainly. What's it?Can/Could l use your telephone? Of course , you can.2. 道歉Sorry. /I'sorry. /Excuse me , please. /I beg your pardon.I'sorry. I'late for class.That's OK. Please take a seat.I'sorry for what I said. It's nothing.I'sorry to trouble you. Never mind.I'sorry for losing your book. Oh, it doesn't matter，I have another one.3. 约会When shall we meet? Let's make it half past six.Where shall we meet? At the school gate.Will you be free this Sunday? Yeah, I think I will.Let's make it 4: 30. All right. See you then.Do you have time this afternoon?=Are you free this afternoon?I'afraid I have no time then. /Sorry , I won't be free then. ut I'll be free tomorrow.Could we meet at 4:30? Yes , I'll be free then.How about tomorrow morning?(=what about,后接动词要用v.-ing形式)All right. See you then.&语法精粹1.掌握一般将来时be going to/will +动词原形的用法。2. 学会使用Would /Do you mind.? 的用法。&考点剖析1. I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays. 在暑假我看你几乎每天打篮球。see是感官动词，后可接不带to 的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语。即:see sb. do sth. 或see sb. doing sth. ，但两者是有区别的:不定式表示整个动作过程，而现在分词表示正在进行的动作(不管是不是全过程)。如:I saw hicross the road. 我看见他穿过了马路。(指我看到他离开这边人行道到另一边的人行道，穿过马路的整个过程。)I saw hicrossing the road. 我看见他正在穿越马路。(强调看到的动作正在进行。)【链接】感官动词还有: feel , hear, listen to , look at , find , notice , watch 等。如:We often hear hising in his garden. 我们经常听到他在花园里唱歌。Can you feel the train slowing down? 你能感觉到火车在慢下来吗?2. "Which sport do you prefer , cycling or rowing? 骑车和划船，你更喜欢哪种运动?I prefer rowing. 我更喜欢划船。prefer是指两者中偏爱或更喜欢一者。其用法为prefer +动名词/名词/动词不定式。如:Which do you prefer, an apple or an orange? 苹果和橘子，你更喜欢哪种?I prefer an orange. 我更喜欢橘子。【链接】(1) prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事。如:A lot of people prefer to live in the countryside. 有更多人更喜欢住在乡下。(2) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做某事"更喜欢做某事。如:I prefer reading to writing. 比起写字，我更喜欢读书。3. Are you going to join the school rowing club? 你要加入学校划船俱乐部吗?当join作及物动词时，意为"连接，接合，加入"。作"加入"解时，指的是成为某个团体、组织的一员; join sb. 表示加人某人的行列，和某人一起。如:When did he join the army? 他什么时候入伍的? Will you join us? 你愿意加入我们吗?【链接】(1)当join作不及物动词时，意为"参加(某项活动) " ，通常结构为"join in +活动名称"。如:Would you like to join in the match? 你要参加比赛吗?( 2 ) take part in 指参与某项活动，相当于be in或join in+活动名称。如:I took part /joined in her birthday party last night. 昨晚我参加了她的生日晚会。4. They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 他们将于后天动身前往日本。are leaving for并不表示动作现在正在进行，而是表示动作将要发生。某些动词的现在进行时可用来表示一个最近按计划或已安排好要进行的动作。如:come , go , do , arrive , start , leave , return , have , stay , spend , sail , meet , fly 等。如:Are you staying here till tomorrow? 你要在这儿一直待到明天吗?5. Would you mind teaching me? 请你教我，好吗?Would you mind(sb.) doing sth. ?是一个常用固定句型，表示"请你做某事好吗?倘若(某人)做某事你介意吗?"如:Would you mind giving me a hand? 介意帮我个忙吗?【链接】(1)否定句为Would you mind not doing sth. ?请不要做某事好吗?如:Would you mind not smoking here? 请不要在这吸烟好吗?(2) Would you mind if. 此句型用于请求允许或客气地请人做某事。如:Would you mind if I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?(3) Would you mind sb. doing sth. ?如:Would you mind me sitting here? 也可以说成Would you mind my sitting here?肯定回答: Of course not. /Certainly not. /Never mind. /No , not at all.否定回答: Yes , you'd better not. /Sorry I'afraid not.6. I didnt want to miss the goal , either. 我也不想丢掉那个球。“either” 也，用于否定句后或否定词组后。如:Peter can't go and I can't , either. 彼得不能去，我也不能。“I don't like it.” “ Me either.” “我不喜欢它。” “我也不喜欢。”此外，either还可指“两者中的任一个”。如:You can park on either side of the street.你可以将车停在这条街的任何一边。You can keep either of the two photos. 你可以保留两张照片中的任何一张。7. We're sure to win next time. 下次我们一定会赢。be sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事(表将来)。如:It's sure to rain. 肯定要下雨。【链接】be sure+(that)从句"确信"如:I'sure (that) he is right. 我确信他是对的。8. Healthy eating habits and running help to build me up. 健康的饮食习惯和跑步帮助我强健身体。build up 使健康，增强.体质。build up 是一个动词+副词的短语。这类短语的宾语是代词时，代词必须放在动词和副词中间;如果宾语是名词，则可放中间，也可放在副词后面。此类短语有 give up , put up , cheer up , look up , turn up , ring up , take off, wake up , pick up , put off, turn off, see off, put on , cheer on , turn on , try on , put away , throw away , work out , carry out, check over, think over, turn down 等。9. I have great fun running. 我从跑步中得到很大乐趣。have fun doing sth. 从做某事中获得乐趣。如:This terwe will have great fun learning English.这个学期我们将从学习英语中获得很大乐趣。类似的结构还有:have difficulty (in) doing sth. have proble(s) (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难have trouble (in) doing sth.&细比细看1. play with /play against /play for(1) Our teawill _ Class Three next Saturday.(2) A group of kids were _ a ball in the street.(3) Does Yi Jianlian _ the Dallas Mavericks in the NA?【分析比较】 play with 玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与玩耍。(2) 题意为"孩子们在玩球", 故填playing with。play against 同比赛。(1)题意为"两个队比赛，故填play against。play for 为效力。(3) 题意为"易建联在NA为达拉斯小牛队打球吗?",故填play for 。2. arrive in /arrive at/ reach/ get to(1) What time did he arrive _ the village?(2) At last we _ the base camp (大本营) .(3) You can easily get _ the city center frohere.(4) They will arrive _ Tokyo in two days.【分析比较】arrive是不及物动词，后常接介词at或in。arrive at +小地点，到达某个具体的地点，如城镇、车站、乡村、建筑物等。(1)题意为"他什么时候到达那个小村庄的?", 故填at.arrive in +大地点，到达某国家或大城市。(4)题意为"他们两天后到达东京。", 故填in。reach 到达，抵达，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，无须介词。(2) 题意为"我们终于到达了大本营。", 故填reached. get 是不及物动词，其后接介词to. (3) 题意为"从这里你可以不费力地到达市中心。",故填to.3. maybe/ may be(1) _he is at home now.(2) He _ wrong , but we're not sure.【分析比较】maybe 和may be 都是"也许，大概"的意思， .maybe 是副词，常位于句首作状语，句子中还有谓语动词。(1)题意为"也许他在家。", 故填Maybe 。may be 是"情态动词+ be 动词"结构，句中没有其他谓语。(2) 题意为"他可能错了，但我们不能确定。"may be 在句中作谓语，故填may be 。4. leave/ leave for/ leave. for(1) He _ his hometown last week.(2) I a_ New York next week to see my good friends there.(3) We will _ eijing _ Shanghai. http:/w ww.xkb1. com【分析比较】leave 常用作动词，表示go away(from) "离开" , leave a place 是指"离开某地" (1)题意为"他上周离开了家乡。", 故填leave 的过去式left 。leave for +地点名词，表示"动身去前往.". (2) 中由不定式所表达的意思可知下周我要去纽约，故填leaving for.leave A for ，意为"离开A地去地". (3)题意为"我们准备离开北京去上海。", 故填leave. for 。5. tuon/ turn off/ tuup/ turn down/ close/ open(1) Paul , could you please _ the TV a little? It's too noisy. Sorry , I'll do it right now.(2) _ the lights when you leave.(3) _ the TV. Let's watch the play together.(4) _ your mouth , and say "Ah".(5)The music was _ loud and they danced crazily.(6) I _ my eyes against the bright light.【分析比较】turn on 与turn off 为反义词组，turn on 打开，接通(电流、煤气、水等) ;turn off 关掉，截断(电流、煤气、水等). turn up 与turn down 为反义词组， turn up开大，调高(音量、热量等) ;turn down把调低，关小。close 闭上，关，关闭(门窗、盒子等) ;open 开，打开，开启(门、窗、盒子等)。(1)题由It's too noisy. 和a little 可知应填turn down; (2) 题由"离开时要关灯"可知应填Turn off; (3) 题由"让咱们一起看电视剧吧"可知应填Turn on; (4) 题为"张开嘴巴"应用Open; (5) 题由" loud" 以及"他们疯狂地跳起舞来"可知音乐被开大了, 故填turned up; ( 6 )题由"以防强光的照射"可知应是闭上眼睛，故填close 。6. shout at/ shout to(1) The children _ the driver , but he did not hear them.(2) If you don't stop _ me, I'11 come and hit you.【分析比较】at 和to 与同一动词搭配时，意义有很大的区别。shout to sb. 表示"大声叫某人"多因距离远，声音小听不见。(1)题意为"孩子们对着司机喊叫着，但是他没听见。"，故填shouted to。 shout at sb. 则表示"生气地或故意地对某人大喊大叫。"(2)题意为"你要是不停止冲着我叫嚷，我就过去揍你。", 故填shouting at.Unit 2 Keeping Healthy&考点词汇toothache , dentist , cough , fever , flu , headache , lift , pale , terrible , care , serious , sick , cause . health , medicine , meal , litter, energy , necessary , disease , empty , stomach , illness , tidy , sweep , choose , tomato , hurry , question , spread , among , examine , patient , herself , themselves , answer , duty , save&目标短语have a (bad)cold= get a (bad)cold= catch a (bad)cold 患(重)感冒 have a fever发烧 take the/ones temperature量体温 have the flu患流感have a headache/stomachache患头痛/胃痛 have sore eyes患眼睛痛take a rest=have a rest 休息 plenty of =a lot of=lots of大量，充足，丰富day and night 日日夜夜 lie down 躺下 worry about 担心，烦恼feel like doing sth.=want to do sth.=would like to do sth. 想要做某事 take care of/ look after 照顾，照料 check over 给做健康检查;核对，检查get into 进入 in public 当众;公开;在公共场合all kinds of 各种各样的 hurry up 赶快，快点 care for 关心;照顾go ahead (尤指经某人允许)干下去; 继续，请吧，走在前面all the time 一直 keep away (from)=stay away (from) 远离just a moment =wait a moment=hold on稍等一会儿，请稍等 ,别挂断 break out( 战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 hand in 上交;交纳(on the one hand，) on the other hand (一方面，)另一方面call/ring.up=givea call/ring=telephong/phone/call 给打电话call/ringback给回电话 on the phone在接电话中，在电话里answer the phone=get on the phone接电话since then 从那时起 by mistake 错误地 make a mistake=make mistakes犯错ask for leave 请时间假(ask two-day leave=ask two days leave请两天假)&重点句型1. I have a headache. 2. You should see a dentist.3. You'd better go to see a doctor. 4. You'd better not work too long.5. Follow the doctor's advice , and you'll get well soon.6. So I'd like to ask for a week's leave. 7. How long have you been like this?8. Staying up late is bad for your health. 9. 1 must ask hito give up smoking.10. You must not read in the sun. 11. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat.12. It's necessary for us to have healthy eating habits.13. We should eat healthy food and do more exercise to build up our bodies.14. Please tell my father not. to forget the talk tomorrow afternoon.15.Must we keep the windows open all the time?No, we don't have to./No ,we needn't.16. He thinks smoking can help hirelax. 17. You should say no to smoking and drinking.&功能意念1. 劝告You should see a dentist.You should listen to and read English every day.Please stand in line. Don't rush/hurry/push.Michael shouldn't move his leg too much.You'd better go to see a doctor.You'd better not go to school today.If you have headaches often , you need to see a doctor.2. 打电话Hello! Who's speaking/this?你是谁？Hello! May I speak to Tom?Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green.Is that Liu Ying speaking?This is Kangkang speaking.Hello! Extension(电话分机)six two two six , please.Just a moment , please.Hello! Could/May I speak to Dr. Li Yuping?Sorry , she isn't here right now.OK, I'll ring hiup later.I'll call her back again.Can I leave/take a message?Sure , go abead.Hold the line , please.Sorry. I can't hear you.The line is badlbusy.I can't get through.Sorry , I'afraid you have the wrong number.3. 就医What's the matter with you? /What's wrong (with you) ?I have a headache/ cough/fever.What seems to be the trouble?I feel terrible.Do you have a fever?How long have you felt like this?It's nothing serious. /You'll be all right/well soon.Something is wrong with your health.Take this medicine/ the pills twice a day.I've got a pain here.It hurts here.I can't sleep well.&语法精粹1.情态动词should , shouldn't , had better , had better not , must , mustnt , need和have to.2. 动名词作主语。3. 反身代词的用法。&考点剖析1. You should see a dentist. 你应该去看牙医。这是一种表达劝告的句子。shou1d 作情态动词，意为"应该"有委婉劝告的含义，后面接动词原形。如:You should go to bed early. 你应当早点睡觉。should 的否定形式为shou1dn'to 如:You shouldn't drink coffee in the evening. 你不应当在晚上喝咖啡。【链接】劝告还可以用以下句式来表达:(1)had better do sth. 最好做某事。如:You'd better call hiat once. 你最好马上给他打电话。其否定形式是had better not do. 如:You had better not eat hot food. 你最好不要吃辛辣食物。(2) need to do sth. 需要做某事。如:You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. 你需要买一本汉英词典。(3) 祈使句表示劝告。如:Please stand in line. 请排队。Don't stay up late. 晚上不要熬夜。2. Your -rays show it's nothing serious. 你的光片显示(你的腿)没什么严重的。“nothing serious" 没什么严重的"。形容词修饰不定代词要后置。如:I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。Do you have something else to say? 你还有什么别的要说的吗?3. So I'd like to ask for two weeks' leave. 所以我想请两周假。(1)ask (sb.) for sth."请求，恳求(给予) ;征求"。如:Why don't you ask hifor some advice? 你为什么不征求他的意见?Jack is asking for a job. 杰克正在求职。(2) leave 在这里是名词，是"假期，休假"的意思。【链接】leave 作动词时，有"离开"忘了带，丢下""交托，委托"等官义。如:The plane leaves for Tokyo a:t 13: 00. 飞机13:00飞往东京。I've left my bag on the bus. 我把包丢在公共汽车上了。You can leave the cooking to me. 你可以把做饭事交给我负责。4. Standing up late