高级写作教程-雅思主流写作题型之利弊讨论型.ppt
雅思主流写作题型之利弊讨论型组合作文法-审题（topicinterpretation）Thiskindofargumentativeessayrequiresclearthinking,preparation,andaconcise(non-waffly)writingstyle.目前雅思主流写作4题型A.Argumentation（观点辩论型）(1)利弊题（Advantages or disadvantages）(2)两种/多种选择权衡题（TWO options）(3)观点判断题（opinions/comments）BDiscussion（事实讨论型）Introduction a hot issue(Introduction,first paragraph);find out possible explanations(depends,second paragraph);analyze its impact on society(detailed,both sides,third para);suggest feasible approaches to it(corresponding to previous).表现形式Doyouthinkitsadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?Doyouthinkthebenefitsoutweightheproblemsassociatedwithit?Doyouthinkitispositiveornegativesituation?Ithaspositiveornegativeeffecton?Discussbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.真题示例Therearesocial,medical,andtechnicalproblemsassociatedwiththeuseofmobilephones.Whatformsdotheytake?Doyouagreethattheproblemsoutweighthebenefitsofmobilephones?Inmanycountries,theproportionofolderpeopleissteadilyincreasing.Doesthistrendhavemorepositiveornegativeeffectsonthesociety?Moreandmoremeasurestoimprovethesecurityintheurbanareahavebeenintroducedbecauseoftheincreasedcrime.Dothebenefitsofthemeasuresoutweighthedrawbacks?2006.5.20Theinternationaltourismisthebiggestindustryintheworld.Towhatextentdoyouthinkitsadvantagesfaroutweighitsdisadvantages?2009年1月17日Today,peoplecanworkandliveinanywheretheywant,becauseoftheimprovementofcommunicationtechnologyandtransport.Doadvantagesofthisdevelopmentoutweighthedisadvantages?2009年3月14日Moreandmorestudentschoosetogotoanothercountryfortheirhighereducation.Doyouthinkthebenefitsoutweightheproblemsassociatedwithit?2009年4月4日Nowadays，peopleliveinthesocietywhereconsumergoodsarecheapertobuy.Doyouthinkitsadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?2009年5月30日Fossilfuels(coal,oil,naturalgas)arethemainsourcesinmanycountries,butinsomecountriestheuseofalternativesourcesofenergy(windenergyandsolarenergy)areencouraged.Towhatextentdoyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?2009年6月11日Thefoodtravelsthousandsofmilesfromfarmtoconsumer.Somepeoplethinkitwouldbebettertoourenvironmentandeconomyifpeopleonlyatelocalproducedfood.Whatextenddoestheadvantageoutweighdisadvantage?利弊类题型审题小结该类题目通常也以某一即定事实/现象为分析基础,但由于该趋势/现象的原因讨论不是很有必要,转而只分析其利弊(其实就是正面或者负面的影响分析),所以本质和事实讨论型题目是一样的,只是解题方向不同.事实讨论型通常需要剖析原因,而利弊型通常不用;事实讨论型分析影响时有指向(比如直接说问某社会现象/趋势会产生什么问题即等于指明要分析负面影响),而利弊型通常是正反两面都要分析;事实讨论型分析的影响有时会有限定对象,比如个人或/和社会,利弊型通常不会限定该影响对象,但个人/社会还是可以成为分析利弊的不同切入点.由于该题型讨论开展的基础同为即定事实/现象,因此利弊类话题可以很容易被转化为事实讨论型问题(原因影响对策),反之亦然.但一切以题目要求为准.2009年4月4日Nowadays，peopleliveinthesocietywhereconsumergoodsarecheapertobuy.Doyouthinkitsadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?(没有分析原因的必要,故而只讨论该趋势的利弊影响)2009年5月30日Fossilfuels(coal,oil,naturalgas)arethemainsourcesinmanycountries,butinsomecountriestheuseofalternativesourcesofenergy(windenergyandsolarenergy)areencouraged.Towhatextentdoyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?(可转换为事实讨论型:给出替代能源使用日益普遍这一现象,分析替代能源使用日益普及的原因及其影响)2009年6月11日Thefoodtravelsthousandsofmilesfromfarmtoconsumer.Somepeoplethinkitwouldbebettertoourenvironmentandeconomyifpeopleonlyatelocalproducedfood.Towhatextentdoestheadvantageoutweighdisadvantage?(严格地说这是一个混合型题目,因为它夹杂了一个现象和就这个现象的一个相关观点.所以又带点观点判断题的特征.不过题目不要求对观点直接进行对错与否的评判,而还是侧重在利弊分析上.不过此时的利弊分析是建立在与现实对立的观点基础上的利弊分析.)利弊讨论型必背词汇AdvantageProsBenefitMeritPositivesideGoodnewsStrenth/strongpointboonDisadvantageConsDrawbackProblemNegativesideBadnewsWeakness/weakpointbane利弊讨论型常用句型表语从句Thebiggestadvantage/disadvantageforisthat同位语从句Weshouldbeawareofthemerit/problemthat解题步骤一：审题相对观点判断题容易。题干：通常是一个常见社会/生活现象而不是观点注意：这类题目重心是分析利弊，而不是询问原因。题目另有规定除外。解题步骤二：分析利弊依然使用六大原则对该现象进行利弊分析解题步骤三：段落安排第一段：介绍背景，引出现象，可适当地对原因加以说明（不需很详细）第二段：利1到2个；第三段：弊1到2个(如果能论得很透的话,利弊各一也可)；第四段：总结，说明利大于弊或弊大于利。引言段示例1利弊型题目同事实讨论型一样,可用一两句简单进行背景介绍.接着再改写题目表达.最后说:有利有弊;或说的利大于弊或弊大于利.(当然利弊孰大的观点可以留在最后总结段点明.例如:2009年3月14日Moreandmorestudentschoosetogotoanothercountryfortheirhighereducation.Doyouthinkthebenefitsoutweightheproblemsassociatedwithit?引言段:(参看基础P97)第一句:背景说明:Peopleslivingstandardshasimprovedovertheyearsandmanyparentstendtopaymoreattentiontotheirchildrenseducation.第二句:引出话题(改写原题)Therefore,anincreasingnumberofyoungpeoplechoosetogoabroadtopursuetheirhighereducation.第三句:点明立场:Franklyspeaking,studyingoverseashasbothitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.引言段示例2Therearesocial,medical,andtechnicalproblemsassociatedwiththeuseofmobilephones.Whatformsdotheytake?Doyouagreethattheproblemsoutweighthebenefitsofmobilephones?引言段:(原创)第一句:背景介绍Withtheimprovementofpeopleslivingstandardsaswellastheadvancementoftechnology,variouskindsofmachinesorinstrumentsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourdailylife.Forexample,mobilephonesaresowidelyusedthatwecannotimagineourlifewithoutthem.第二句:引出话题(改写原句)However,theprevalentuseofmobilephonesalsocausesmyriadsofsocial,medical,andtechnicalproblems.第三句:点明立场Yetinspiteoftheirdrawbacks,Ihavetosaymobilesphonesismorehelpfulthanharmfulinoureverydaylife.87w引言段演练1Inmanycountries,theproportionofolderpeopleissteadilyincreasing.Doesthistrendhavemorepositiveornegativeeffectsonthesociety?引言段演练第一句:背景介绍Withtheimprovementoflivingstandardsaswellastheadvancementofmedicaltechnology,regularpeoplecanliveamuchlongerlifethaneverbefore.第二句:引出话题(改写原句)Therefore,manycountrieshavewitnessedasteadyincreaseinthepercentageofpopulationofseniorcitizens.第三句:点明立场Thistrend,ofcourse,hasbothpositiveandnegativeimpactsonthesociety.57w引言段演练22009年5月30日Fossilfuels(coal,oil,naturalgas)arethemainsourcesinmanycountries,butinsomecountriestheuseofalternativesourcesofenergy(windenergyandsolarenergy)areencouraged.Towhatextentdoyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?引言段演练:引言段演练32009年5月30日Fossilfuels(coal,oil,naturalgas)arethemainsourcesinmanycountries,butinsomecountriestheuseofalternativesourcesofenergy(windenergyandsolarenergy)areencouraged.Towhatextentdoyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?Astheglobalpopulationexpandsandeconomiesaroundtheworldcontinuetogrow,therehasbeenanincreasing/surgingdemandforallsourcesoffuels.Asamatteroffact,fossilfuelsaresoimportantinourcontemporaryworld,theirconsumptionaccountsformorethanhalfoftheworldsfueldemandintotal.Butsomecountriesareattachinggreaterimportancetotheuseofalternativesourcesofenergynowadaysandareincreasingtheuseofthemyearbyyear.Speakingofthistrend,Ibelievethatitsadvantagesfaroutweighitsdisadvantages.(95w)
