雅思写作基础部分.pptx

第1页/共58页烤鸭（考雅）必备常识烤鸭（考雅）必备常识1.雅思考试全过程2.写作部分简介1）构成2）评分 雅思写作也采取九分制，每半分一个等级，考官主要从四个方面给考生打分：内容（Content）、组织结构（Organisation）、词汇（Vocabulary）和语法（Grammar）。第2页/共58页1）Task Achievement/Response2）Coherence and cohesion3）Lexical Resource4）Grammatical range and accuracy 雅思写作考的不是造句，是构思！第3页/共58页3）话题 永恒不变的话题：科技、教育、文化、政府职责、人与自然第4页/共58页写作复习全攻略写作复习全攻略中英文写作比较：思维模式 Thinking pattern 汉语 迂回型 英语 线性思维 circular linear语言与语气（Language and Tone）汉语 direct 英语 indirect客观性与公正性（objectivity and fairness）汉语 subjective 英语 objective作者在写作过程中的角色（The Role of the Writer）意合与形合（Inner Correlation and External Form and Structure）汉语：意合 英语：形合 第5页/共58页三大禁忌，八项注意，六个不为禁忌禁忌：With the development of science and technology Every coin has two sides.Word by word translation注意：注意：不用写题目 一寸空白 齐头式 1012个字一行书法 结构匀称 错字 标点 第6页/共58页不为：中英对抗 口语化 缩写 英式英语与美语混用结构失调 逻辑性差 第7页/共58页五步走：审题：Analyze the task 构思：Brainstorming process写提纲：Framework 写作正文：Writing检查错误：Check1)main point 2)topic sentence 3)sentence variety 4)Grammar 5)Spelling 6)conjunction 7)Chinglish第8页/共58页如何在短期内迅速提高写作能力？如何在短期内迅速提高写作能力？输入：1）文化、文字输入 海外星云 海外文摘 英语沙龙 (阅读、词汇、话题、思维)2）组装个性模板 不要迷恋范文，那只是个传说。3）精研热门话题输出：点-线-面第9页/共58页雅思议论文写作高分词汇 123动词acquire获取 arise出现 arouse激发 attempt 尝试attract 吸引 appeal 使.感兴趣 accomplish完成 boom 繁荣characterize 以.为特色 cherish 珍视 cultivate 培养 deprive剥夺diversify以.多样化 dominate 占优势 eliminate消除 emphasize强调enlighten启发 emerge出现 forecast预测 guarantee 保证maintain 保持 minimize使最小化 participate参加 promote 促进regulate 调控 reinforce加强 resist 抵制 restrain约束shape 塑造 stimulate刺激 survive 生存 supervise监督pursue 追求 isolate分隔第10页/共58页（二）名词achievement成绩 abundance 丰富 adaptation适应 adversity 逆境advantage 优点 barrier 障碍 capacity能力 celebrity名人charm 魅力 career 职业 cooperation合作 competition竞争consumer 消费者 creativity创造性 cyber网络 discrimination歧视distinction 区别 drawback缺点 disadvantage 缺点 dilemma两难enthusiasm 热情 environment 环境 flexibility 灵活性 frustration挫折guidance 指导 individuality 个性化 industry 行业 interaction交际involvement参与 impact 影响 inclination 倾向 investigation调整idol偶像 literacy 读写能力 limitation 限制 landmark 里程碑majority 大多数 opponent 对手 occupation 职业 propensity倾向probability可能性 skyscraper 高楼 stereotype 成见 temptation诱惑tolerance 宽容 tournament比赛 variability可变性第11页/共58页（三）形容词adequate 足够的 aggressive有上进心的 available可得到的authoritative 权威的 acceptable受欢迎的 applicable可应用的appropriate 适当的 beneficial 有益处的 complicated复杂的considerable 相当多的 commercial商业的 dramatically戏剧性的efficiently 高效地 essential基本的 fake虚假的fashionable 时尚的 influential 有影响力的 impressive 令人印象深的 indispensable 不可或缺的 identical同一的 insufficient 不充足的 indisputable 无可争议的 Invariably恒久的 inevitably不可避免的 industrialized 工业化的 multiple多样的 negative负面的 noticeable 引人注目的 old-fashioned过时的 potential 潜在的 prevailing流行的 prosperous繁荣的 psychological 心理的 respectively各自的 routine惯例的 sociable 好交际的 similar同样的 surplus 过剩的 superficial表面现象的 time-honored久负盛名的 typical典型的 well-grounded 有理由的第12页/共58页常用谚语40条1）Not to advance is to go back.不进则退。2）Necessity is the mother of invention.3)Science to the human mind is what air or water is to the body.4)Dress up a stick and it doesnt seem a stick.5)An English mans house is his castle.6)The beaten road is the safest./It is wise to learn at another mans cost.经验 Experience without learning is better than learning without experience.7)As you brew,so must you drink.8）A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush./Opportunity knocks at the door only once.机会Better an egg today than a hen yesterday./God gives the milk,but not the pail.9）Discontent is the first step in progress.不满10)Culture is“to know the best that has been said and thought in the world.11）Dont put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置。12）If you run after two hares,you can catch neither.13)One cant put back the clock.时光不能倒流。14）You can lead a horse to water,but you cant make him drink.不能强人所难。15）The waves behind drive on those behinds,so the new excels the old.长江后浪推前浪。16）Labor is often the father of pleasure.17)He that travels far knows much.旅行长见识。18）Sound in body,sound in mind.身心健康。19)Do in Rome as Romans do.入乡随俗。20)Dont empty the baby out with the bath water.第13页/共58页21)Dont have too many irons in the fire.不要操之过急。22)Nothing venture,nothing gain.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。23）Age and experience teach wisdom.老马识途24）The apple never falls far from the tree.25）Spare the rod and spoil the child.棍棒底下出孝子。26）An old man is treasure of a family.家有一老犹如一宝。27）Example is better than precept.言传不如身教28）All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.29）Art is long;life is short.生而有涯，学也无涯。30）Birth is much,but breeding is more.31）To open a book is always beneficial.开卷有益。32）Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.33)Blood is inherited but virtue is achieved.34)Education is to the soul what sculpture is to a block of marble.35)There is nothing permanent except change./Variety is the very spice of life.变化36）A door must be either shut or open.37）Every light has its shadow.Every medal has its reverse.Every path has a puddle.凡事有利必有弊。Every white has its black,and every sweet its sour./Make no fire,raise no smoke.38）If you want to understand today,you have to research yesterday.39）be deeply rooted among the people./find its way deep into the peoples heart./strike root in the hearts of the people.深入人心。40）All bread is not baked in one oven.不能强求一致。第14页/共58页圣经典故圣经典故Work while it is day.及时努力Tower of Babel 巴别通天塔the salt of the earth 社会中坚the signs of the times 时代精神separate the sheep from goats 区别善恶paradise 乐园new wine in old bottles 旧瓶装新酒 lion in the way 障碍lost sheep 迷途的羔羊make bricks without straw 吃力不讨好land of milk and honey 富饶之地lay sth to heart 认真对待第15页/共58页in the twinkling of an eye 很快It is better to get wisdom than old.得智慧胜似得金子 in the green tree 在年富力强时Do what is right in ones own eyes.做自己认为正确的事corner stone 基础build on the sand 基础不稳 a thorn in the flesh 烦恼之源a two-edged sword 双刃剑at the eleventh hour 在最后关头 as the sparks fly upward 合理的apples of gold in pictures of silver 锦上添花a drop in the bucket 沧海一粟 第16页/共58页学生关心的问题学生关心的问题1)字数如何把握？2)5分到7分要多久？三个月3)会考完全没见过的题吗？4)答不完题怎么办？考试过五关：语言关，审题关，构思关，论证关，临场关第17页/共58页第18页/共58页过五关之勇闯语言关过五关之勇闯语言关1用词的注意事项及常用词1）用词用词多样化“重要”important,vital,significant,crucial“不能”cannot do,fail to do,be unable to do“不同的”distinct,distinctive,different,not the same尽量用复杂的词汇 户外活动有助于 Outdoor activities are good to peoples health.helpful/beneficial第19页/共58页2）常用词：v.adj.adv.n.conj.名言和谚语Every man has his liking.人各有所好。Time and tide waits for no man.时不待人。Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。The onlooker sees the game best.旁观者清。Live and learn.吃一堑，长一智。第20页/共58页3）引用谚语：Just as the saying goes，“No garden is without weeds,computer games have also some disadvantages.As the proverb goes，“”.A Selection of Famous Quotations Culture:The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature.John Quskin,American writer and critic.The value of culture is its effect on character.It avails nothing unless it ennobles and strengthens that.Its use is for life.Its aim is not beauty but goodness.Somerset Maugham,British novelistLaw:Good order is the foundation of all things.E.Burke,British state man 第21页/共58页Education:A teacher affects eternity;he can never tell where his influence stops.H.B Adams,American historianBetter be unborn than untaught,for ignorance is the root of misfortune.Plato,Ancient Greek PhilosopherEducation has for its object the formation of character.Herbert Spencer,British philosopher Education is the transmission of civilization.will Durant,American historianEducation is the chief defense of nations.Edmund Burke,British statesmanWhat sculpture is to a block of marble,education is to the soul.Joseph Addison,British Writer.第22页/共58页You can lead a man up to the university,but you cant make him think.Finley Deter Dunne,American WriterBusiness:Advertising may be described as the science of arresting human intelligence long enough to get money from it.Leacock Stephen,Canadian economistGood times,bad times,there will always be advertising.In good times people want advertising;in bad times they have to.第23页/共58页2如何写出复杂的句子1）好句子的标准：sentence variety没有长句子，6分很难。议论文中，复杂句子60%以上。长句子中应夹杂短句，主体句为短句。复杂的句子：并列句、复合句 2）句子成份Form what I have mentioned above,it is not difficult to get the conclusion that students should go abroad to study.从上面我们提到的，不难得出这样一个结论：中学生因该出国留学。（同位语）第24页/共58页What they emphasize is that formal examination are harmful to students creativity.(主从)Some think that the school should be more responsible for childrens education compared with the parents.(宾从)It seems that people who know little about the internet are out-dated.(表从)Reasonable and attractive as the opinion seems,it cannot hold water.(状从)Another factor we must consider is that television plays an educational role in our daily life.(定从)第25页/共58页第26页/共58页3）十大常用句型Not only,but also(不但而且句型)Television not only offers us the news in which we are interested but also displays it in pictures more powerful than words.No matter（无论如何句型）No matter how advanced and convenient e-books are,p-books still have a larger market share.It is well known/It has long been accepted/It is widely accepted/There is a growing consensus/It is a common knowledge/It is commonly believed（众所周知句型）It is well known that there is a clear link between smoking and some kinds of serious diseases.It is said/reported/suggested/proposed/estimated/It has been proved（根据报道句型）It is said that mothers know what is most suitable for their children.第27页/共58页We must admit that/It must be pointed out（必须承认句型）It goes without saying/There is no doubt/Undoubtedly/Without any doubt（毫无疑问句型）It goes without saying that wearing the uniforms would make school life dull and monotonous.It is+adj./n.(imperative,natural,morally wrong,ridiculous,cruel and uncivilized,beneficial)（非常重要句型）It is morally wrong to conduct experiments on live animals.表示原因句型 It is fairly easy to find out(identify)the reason for 比较对照句型 Like anything else,it has its faults.承上启下句型 To understand the truth of,it is necessary to第28页/共58页备战必备50句（见教材）十类常见错误（见教材）改错集锦：Therefore we must admit that the advantages of study abroad.But this situation cant be changed with short time.We must be independent if you want to achieve great success.Every people knows第29页/共58页检查错误范例：Task:Television is now widespread in all communities.Almost everyone has access to this medium on a daily basis.However,the effects of television are not always positive.What are some of the negative effects of television?What can be done to minimize these bad effects?Give reasons for your answer.考生样卷:With the modern telecommunication,even people which live in very remote areas have access to television.However,even though television is clearly very popular,but the effects to people watching television are often negatively.Individuals can be negatively affect in three main ways.Many people,both childrens and adults,waste a lot of time sitting in front of a TV watching poor quality programs.Secondly,watching too much TV can to make people lazy and unhealthy because they doesnt gets enough exercise.Thirdly,the advertisements on television can make people feeling unhappy with the thing they has and can influence them to spend money on new things.第30页/共58页Various negative effects on families and society.Because of TVs,families communicate less with each other and do less family activities together.Small societies may begin to lose their local customs if most television programs will come from another part of country.Many of the TV programs in my county are coming from overseas,especially the United States of America,and this will affect national culture by encouraging the spread of western customs and values.Although there are two ways to minimize the negative effects described above.Firstly governments should exercising more control with the content of TV programs.Programs which they are not educational or which may influence people in a negative way should be limited or restricted.Secondly,governments should educating people about the possible negative effects of TV.People can then regulate themselves and their children.In conclusion,I think that someone should do as soon as possible to protect the community from the negative effects of television.If the situation will leave to continue as it is,many new problem for individual and society will be arise in future.第31页/共58页练习：请将下面句子中的简单词更换成学术词In my spare time,I like reading,and I dont like going shopping.The most important difference between English and Chinese is the way of thinking.I couldnt believe that I failed.We can provide a lot of patterns to choose from.This map is very useful in helping you around the city.I need your reply soon.I have many interests,swimming,dancing,reading,and so on.The basic knowledge is most important.He appeared at the greatest important time.Mr.Smith gave a full explanation of his strategic plan.第32页/共58页The book attracts me to read it.On the wedding party,he gave me a real diamond ring.We should try to use their knowledge and skill to our advantage.There are great changes in recent years.If you are going to live in a foreign country,you must be used to new manners and customs.This shop has the only right for the sale of the goods.Famous for the beautiful beaches,Brisbane attracts many tourists in Australia.This amount of money is enough to support all his expense.Mr.Wang will be free tomorrow afternoon.We want more changes in our food here.第33页/共58页第34页/共58页IELTS 写作素材IELTS 写作 第一类:体育运动-Sports/World Cup/Olympic GamesIdeas and academic words:Promote friendship between nationsLessen the tension between countriesRemove prejudice and bias Friendship first,competition second.Full of fierce competition and challengeClear up hostilityImprove the athletic skillsRegardless of race,sex,political background,nationality,and occupation第35页/共58页Fully participateBuild up one s physiqueEase the strainExtend life spanTo enhance the healthTo reinforce the energyRelieve pressure and refresh the mindOn the basis of friendship and equalityEssential principal is fairness.Sports turns to be more and more commercialized.A good health is the best treasure a person can procure.bridge the gap第36页/共58页第37页/共58页第二类:科技发展-Modem Technology/Work on Moon/Computer and Internet Ideas and academic words:I.TechnologyEye-catching developmentEver-accelerated updating of science&technologyAdvanced science and technologyThe globalized and urbanized economySymbol of human progressImprovement of earth environmentTurn deserts into forestland and tillable fieldsExploit the natural resources in the oceanAdapt measures to mitigate the problems of environment deteriorateDeveloping countries/developed countries第38页/共58页II.Computer&InternetConvey information conveniently and efficientlyWidely applied in human lifeAnother way of readingFull range of updated information-Large storing capacityTime and money consumingHard to ensure enough private and individual spaceBe addicted to the netsurfing or computer gamesInfected with virus easilyImpaired physical and mental health by radiation and so onHarmful to eyesightUnable to take notes while reading on the internetAccelerate the flow of informationIndulged inLarge quantities of informationE-commerce Information highway 第39