05 科技发展-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读.docx

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科技发展01题型主要内容1阅读理解介绍了应用在北京2022年冬奥会上的高科技设备及给运动员带来的好处。2阅读理解介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了相关的太空育种 知识。3阅读理解介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不同的人。4阅读理解介绍了仿生眼研究的情况和其发展前景，这 切都是为了使盲人能够重新看 到世界。5阅读还原5选5介绍了北京冬季奥运会使用的一些高科技。（2022广西三模）The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics were not only a sporting event but also a show for science and technology. High tech gear （设备）is helping athletes become "faster, higher, stronger”. Lefs look at some.The fastesticeThe National Speed Skating Oval is said to have "the fastest ice”, as 12 new Olympic records and one world record were set there. The secret is new ice-making technology. Liquid carbon dioxide （液体二氧化碳）is put under the ice to keep temperature changes on the ice surface in half a degree. That keeps the ice flat.In events like freestyle skiing, ski jumping, the direction and speed of the wind can“Seeing”have a big effect on an athlete's performance. A Chinese research team develops a systemthe windto measure （测量）wind. The system uses AI technology. It allows athletes and coaches to“see” wind with real-time data on their pads, and decide when and where to jump.As COVID-19 can spread through the air, clean air is key to keeping fans, workers andFresh airathletes safe and healthy. The Winter Olympics use large air purifiers （7争化器）to catch andkill bacteria in the air and make sure that closed venues always have fresh air.SmartA wearable thermometer （温度计）can measure the body temperatures of fans and“Bandathletes. People can wear it on their upper arms to monitor （监1则）their temperature in realAid”time. It will send a warning if somebody's body temperature goes higher than 37.3 degrees.24. 根据“It allows athletes and coaches to 'see' wind directly with real-time data on their pads and decide when and where to jump.”可知，它可以让运动员和教练通过垫板上的实时数据直接“看到”风向，并决 定何时跳向何处。选项A“该系统使用了人工智能技术”符合语境，故选A。25. 根据“It closely follows the athletes9 movements and catches different scenes during speed skating, according to the report.»可知，据报道，它密切跟踪运动员的动作，捕捉速度滑冰过程中的不同场景。 选项D“它可以记录高达每秒25米的速度”符合语境，故选Do1. How many kinds of new high-tech gears are mentioned in this passage?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.2. Which event isn't affected by the direction and speed of the wind according to this passage?A.Freestyle skiingB.CurlingC.RunningD.Ski jumpingWhat does the unlined word “bacteria" mean?A.昆虫B.细菌C.植物D.灰尘According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. High tech gear （设备）is helping athletes become "faster, higher, stronger”.B The secret of setting 12 new world records is a new ice-making technology.C. With the help of AI technology, athletes can “see" the wind.D. The wearable thermometer will send a warning when temperature is higher than 38.3 degrees.5. . What is the best title of this passage?A. A new ice-making technology helps athletes do better.B. Large air purifiers can help fans, workers athletes keep healthy.C. A wearable thermometer can measure the body temperatures of athletes.D. High-tech help athletes perform better at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.02（2022湖北武汉二模）Chang9e 5 completed its task successfully in 23 days, not only did it return with valuable rock and soil samples from the moon, but also brought back a group of seeds that traveled the furthest in China. More than 30 kinds of seeds, including that of rice, oats etc., were placed inside the Chang'e 5 spacecraft and went around the moon for about 15 days.Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after the task. This task offered good opportunities to scientists, which helped them to deepen their studies on the effect of cosmic rays （宇宙射 线）on the growth and development of life on Earth.Space-based mutation breeding （太空诱变育种）refers to the process of placing seeds in the environment such as microgravity （微重力），vacuums （真空）and cosmic radiation （宇宙辐射）during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further study and planting. Scientists study and examine several generations of plants grown from seeds which went into the space and study their changes-some are desiiable while others are bad and negative. Those with good changes will be kept for further research, andwill be introduced to farmers after getting permission.Space breeding （育种）can make the seeds change faster than the experiments on the earth and can bring about some wonderful results. Compared with the traditional methods, space-developed methods can make the seeds grow much better, such as having shorter growth periods and having more power to fight against diseases and insect.China did its first space breeding experiment in 1987, using a satellite to carry seeds into space. Since then, hundreds of kinds of seeds and seedlings have traveled with dozens of Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been allowed to be planted across the country from grains to vegetables and fruits.The Chang'e 5 brought back 1, 731 grams of moon's rock and soil to Earth, showing a historic achievement 44 years after the last moon's rock and soil were taken back.6. Why were the seeds placed inside Chang'e 5?A. To pick out the best seeds.B. To understand the environment of the space.C. To study the cosmic rays.D. To put them in a special environment.7. The underlined word “desirable- in paragraph 3 is probably closest to in meaning.A. worseB. goodC. uselessD. correct. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Chang'e 5 flew around the moon fbr about 23 days.B. China was the first to do a space breeding experiment.C. It is some time since seeds were last taken into space.D. Space breeding is good for farming.8. . From the passage, we can infer that.A. space breeding is the best way to develop the seedsChina is the first country to do space breeding experimentB. China will spend more time and energy on space breedingChang'e 5 spacecraft will fly to the moon again9. What is the best title of the passage?A. Chang'e 5 Returns with a Big PackageB , Space-bred Seeds Offer Great ChancesC. Plant Mutations Result in a Better LifeD. Seeds from Space Show a New History03（2022?可南省实验中学三模）Facial-recognition cameras are everywhere-even in your smart phone. Many people use this technology to unlock their phones, open doors, or make quick payments. But there is a problem during the epidemic （疫情）：everyone wears masks. What a headache!Scientists are trying to solve this problem. For example, Engineering and Technology （E&T） magazine reports that Hanwang, a tech company in Beijing, has made a new system. It can recognize （辨认）95% of people when they wear masks.Whafs the secret? Ifs all about your eyes. Marios Savvides from Carnegie Mellon University studies facial-recognition. As we get older, he says, our faces change shape. But the area around our eyes doesn't. It stays the same-even if we put on weight. As long as there are enough data from the area of our eyes, the cameras can recognize us.Tech5 is another facial-recognition company. The Swiss company's products scan （扫描）the shape of your face. They also scan your iris, which is the colored part of your eyes. Tech5 hopes to ignore （忽略）all of the face below the nose.This kind of software is more important than just unlocking your phone. "It can discover criminals, even when they wear masks J said Huang Lei from Hanwang. Hanwang's technology is used by Chinese police in places like subway stations and airports. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force.Huang pointed out one big weakness: it fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses. "In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost J Lei said to E&T.根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。10. At present, what can facial-recognition technology be used for?A. Taking photos. B. Shutting doors. C. Paying for things. D. Locking smart phones.11. Which of the following is a picture of a mask?A- Igl12. What is the problem with this technology during the epidemic?A. It doesn't work when people wear masks.B. It causes trouble to people's faces.C. It brings people headaches all the time.D. It gives personal information to the bad.13. Why are eyes the key to solving recognition problems?A. Because eyes never get old.B , Because eyes have bright colors.C. Because the area around our eyes doesn't change.D. Because eyes can store the people's key information.15. . What's the best title for the text?A. It is all about eyes.B. It is a safe way.C. Facial information is important.D. Facial-recognition is a risk.04There are millions of people throughout the world who are either born blind or have become blind over the course of their lifetime. It is unfair to take away the visual （视觉的）beauty of the world from these people. Doctor Humayun has created the world's first bionic （仿生学的）eye that could change the life of every blind people in the world.Doctor Mark Humayun is a well respected professor at the Doheny Eye Institute California. He has been working for years on creating a bionic eye that would allow blind people to see images just like a normal person does. The bionic eye is actually an eye that has been built in a small video camera.The test results show the bionic eye has given blind patients the amazing ability to see the scientists doing the tests. But the images are still blurry （模糊的）and we need much work before the eye actually becomes a regular implant （植入物）into blind people. Humayun believes that he can go into production with the bionic eye over the next three to five years.A closer look at the bionic eye is amazing. The patient wears a special set of eyeglasses. All the signals are passed to the implanted eye. It's done by wireless technology. Humayun has created an invention that could change the lives of millions of people. Imagine a world in which someone would no longer have to fear about being blind. This could be considered a technological achievement.16. The writer thinks the life of blind people is for them.A. easyB. unfairC. busyD. differentDoctor Mark Humayun is well respected because.A. he has been working on a small video cameraB. he is a professor of a famous universityC. he invented a video camera for the blind D. he devoted himself to making the blind see again 18 . The bionic eye created by Mark Humayun at present.A. can help the blind to see the people doing the tests B. has been a total success during the useC. can be planted into the blind people's eye D. looks much like the normal people's eye19. It will take Doctor Mark Humayun to produce the bionic eye in large numbers.A. more than eight yearsC. three to five years20. This passage mainly tells usA. the life of blind people has changedC. there will be no blind in the futureB. more than five yearsD. less than three yearsB , Mark Humayun becomes famousD. a technological study for the blind05（2022辽宁鞍山中考真题）阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选择合适的句子还原到短文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games were more than a sporting event. 21 They are helping athletes （运动员）become "faster, higher, stronger99 and offering you a great game-watching experience with the support of 5G. Let's look at some technologies behind the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games. The National Speed Skating Oval （国家速滑馆）is said to have “the fastest Ge”, as twelve new Olympic records and one world record were set there, including Chinese speed skater Gao Tingyu's Olympic record of 34.32 seconds in the men's 500 meters.22 If the ice surface temperature doesn't change much, the ice will stay even flatter （平滑 的）, Liquid carbon dioxide （液体二氧化碳） is put under the ice to keep the temperature changes on the ice surface within half a degree4 23In events like freestyle skiing and ski jumping, the direction and speed of the wind can have a great influence on an athlete9s performance. Some events only last a few seconds and the wind is changing all the time. A research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences （中 国科学院）developed a system to measure wind. 24 It allows athletes and coaches to “see” wind directly with real-time data （数据）on their pads （便携式电月窗）and decide when and where to jump.During the speed skating race, athletes can reach speeds of up to 18 meters per second. To catch every exciting moment of the competition, we have used Lie Bao for the event. Lie Bao is a 4K high-definition （高 清）camera system developed by China Media （媒体的）Group. 25 It closely follows the athletes' movements and catches different scenes during speed skating, according to the report.A. The system uses AI technology.B. They were also a show for science and technology.C. The secret is a new ice-making technology.D. It can record speeds of up to 25 meters per second.E. That keeps the ice a flat surface and it is easier to skate on.参考答案：1 . D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D【导语】本文主要介绍了应用在北京2022年冬奥会上的高科技设备及给运动员带来的好处。1 .细节理解题。根据表格中的四个小标题可知，共介绍了四种高科技设备。故选D。2 . 推理判断题。 根据"In events like freestyle skiing, ski jumping, the direction and speed of the wind can have a big effect on an athlete's performance."可知"Freestyle skiing"和“Ski jumping”是受风向和风速景0 响的。剩余两项“冰壶”和“跑步”结合常识可判断冬奥会项目“冰壶”也会受影响。故选C。3 .词义猜测题。根据"As COVID-19 can spread through the air, clean air is key to keeping fans, workers and athletes safe and healthy. ”结合前面搭配的动词“kill”可猜测，此处“bacteria”是“细菌”的含义。故选 Bo.细节理解题。will send a warning if somebody body temperature goes higher than 37.3 degrees." 可知，体温超过37.3度就会报警。故选D。4 .最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了高科技设备应用在冬奥会中对运动员的影响， 因此 D 选项“High-tech help athletes perform better at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics”可作为本文标 题。故选D。6D 7B 8D 9C 10. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了 相关的太空育种知识。5 .细节理解题。根据“Space-based mutation breeding （太空诱变育种）refers to the process of placing seeds in the environment such as microgravity （微重力）,vacuums （真空）and cosmic radiation （宇宙辐射）during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further study and planting."可知，科学家们希望进 行太空诱变育种。所以是将种子放置在特殊的环境中，故选D。6 .词义猜测题。根据"study their changes-some are desirable while others are bad and negative."可知， 而另一些是坏的和消极的，所以这些是好的，划线单词意思与good同义“好的' 故选B。7 .细节理解题。根据“Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been allowed to be planted across the country from grains to vegetables and fruits.“可知， 太空养殖有利于农业。故选D。8 ,推理判断题 o 根据"Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been allowed to be planted across the country from grains to vegetables and fruits.”可矢口, 太空养殖有利于农业。中国将在太空育种上投入更多的时间和精力。故选C。9 .主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了相关的太空 育种知识，选项B“太空培育的种子提供了很好的机会”符合语境，故选B。10 . C 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不 同的人。11 .细节理解题。根据文中 “Many people use this technology to unlock their phones, open doors, or make quick payments.”可知，目前，人脸识别技术可以用于买东西付款。故选C。12 .词句猜测题。根据前句“But