山东省临沂市第一中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语含解析.docx

谨慎的。故选A。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Professor Goel decided to do something to improve this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform. （Goel 教授决定 做些事情来改善这种情况，他的解决方案是创建一个名为Jill Watson的虚拟助理，该虚拟助理基于IBM Watson平台）”结合文章主要说明了为了应对学生们日益增多的日常问题，Ashok Goel教授创建了一个名 为Jill Watson的虚拟助理，并且取得了成功，学生们对这次经历非常积极。Goel教授对人工智能的未来 持乐观态度，认为它将被广泛应用。可知，这篇文章的主旨是知识渊博的人工智能帮助在线教育。故选CoImagine you made plans with a new friend to talk on the phone. You called but there was no answer-and you didn't get a call back. What happened? Perhaps they got held up by a work obligation. Perhaps they didn't want to meet but didn't bother to cancel. Or perhaps they had a busy week and simply forgot to write down your appointment time.In social situations like this, our minds can produce various explanations, ranging from ones that are more understanding to ones that put blame to the other party. Psychologists refer to this as our attributional style. Past research has found that individuals with a “hostile” attributional style tend to be less satisfied with their relationships.According to a new study, they're also less happy overall. The researchers can't say fbr sure whether seeing people as hostile directly lowers our happiness, or whether unhappy people are just more likely to make hostile attribution in the first place. However, this study does suggest the possibility that giving people the benefit of the doubt is a practice to improve our relationships and well-being.Dorota Jasielska, lead researcher of the study, suggests that we start by developing positive and trusting social relationships. When we find ourselves surrounded by warmth and support, it can help us see the social world in a kinder light. Another important strategy is to have open and direct communication. Instead of letting your anxieties get worse, it may be better to simply talk to people about their confusing behavior.So the next time a friend cancels plans or forgets to text back, consider giving him the benefit of the doubt and waiting to hear his side of things before jumping to conclusions. Assuming others have good intentions willmake the world seem like a friendlier place.32. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By giving an example.C. By giving a definition.33. What is the attributional style?A. To show an understanding of one's mistake.C. To find out the cause of social phenomena.34. What can make us happier according to the study?A. Finding common interests with others.C. Improving social communication.35. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about?make the world seem like a friendlier place.36. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By giving an example.C. By giving a definition.37. What is the attributional style?A. To show an understanding of one's mistake.C. To find out the cause of social phenomena.38. What can make us happier according to the study?A. Finding common interests with others.C. Improving social communication.39. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about?B. By asking a question.D. By telling a story.B. lb imagine a particular social situation.D. To make assumptions on uncertain things.B. Making positive excuses fbr others.D. Being friendly to others.A. Importance of reaching out and making friends. B. Strategies for having effeciive communication. C. Advice on handling confusing social behavior. D. Methods for improving our social relationships.【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在一些令人困惑的社交行为中，我们的大脑可以提供多种解 释，从善意的解释到指责对方的解释。心理学家称之为归因风格。过去的研究发现，具有敌意归因风格 的人一一即倾向于认为别人的行为是出于恶意的人一一往往对他们的人际关系不太满意。文章介绍了研 究的开展过程和发现，建议我们用积极的眼光来揣测他人。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 u Imagine you made plans with a new friend to talk on the phone. You called but there was no answer-and you didn't get a call back. What happened? Perhaps they got held up by a work obligation. Perhaps they didn't want to meet but didivt bother to cancel. Or perhaps they had a busy week and simply forgot to write down your叩pointment time.（想象一下，你计划和一位新朋友在电话里聊天。你打了电话但没人 接，也没人回你电话。发生了什么事？也许他们是被工作耽搁了。也许他们并不想见面，但也不想取 消。或者他们这一周很忙,只是忘了记下你的预约时间）”以及第二段“In social siluations like ihis, our minds can produce various explanations, ranging from ones that are more understanding to ones that put blame to the other party. Psychologists refer to this as our attributional style. Past research has found that individuals with a “hostile” attributional style tend to be less satisfied with their relalionships.（在这样的社交场合中，我们的大脑 可以产生各种各样的解释，从更容易理解的解释到指责对方的解释。心理学家称之为归因风格。过去的 研究发现，具有“敌意”归因风格的人往往对他们的关系不太满意）”可推知，作者通过举例来引入文章 主题。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 “In social situations like this, our minds can produce various explanations, ranging from ones that are more understanding to ones （hat put blame to the other party. Psychologists refer to this as our attributional style.（在这样的社交场合中，我们的大脑可以产生各种各样的解释，从更容易理解的解释到指 责对方的解释。心理学家称之为归因风格）”可知，归因风格是指对不确定的事情做假设。故选D。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, this study docs suggest the possibility that giving people the benefit of the doubt is a practice to improve our relationships and well-being.（然而，这项研究确实表明，给予人们善意 的猜测可以改善我们的关系和促进幸福）”可知，根据这项研究，善意猜测他人能让我们更快乐。故选 B。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段"Dorota Jasielska, lead researcher of （he study, suggests that we start by developing positive and trusting social relationships. When we find ourselves surrounded by warmth and support, it can help us see the social world in a kinder light. Another important strategy is to have open and direct communication. Instead of letting your anxieties get worse, it may be better to simply talk to people about their confusing behavior该研究的首席研究员Dorota Jasielska建议，我们应该从发展积极和信任的社会关系开 始。当我们发现自己被温暖和支持包围时，它可以帮助我们以一种更友善的眼光看待这个社会。另一个 重要的策略是开诚布公地交流。与其让你的焦虑加剧，不如直接和人们谈谈他们困惑的行为）”以及后文“So the next time a friend cancels plans or forgets to text back, consider giving him the benefit of the doubt and waiting to hear his side of things before jumping to conclusions. Assuming others have good intentions will make the world seem like a friendlier place.（所以，下一次朋友取消计划或忘记回复短信时，考虑先假定他是无辜 的，等着听他怎么说，再下结论。假设别人的意图是好的，会让世界看起来更友好）”可知，最后两段主 要讲了处理令人困惑的社会行为的建议。故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session. 36. Now wewill explore some no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning.37. Perhaps they look at their phone or computer. They might even play a video game or watchtelevision. But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studies.A study published in the journal PLOS One examined how well older people who were in good health could remember certain words. In two different experiments, researchers found that older adults who rested for 10 minutes after learning new words had better memory of those words. "A period of wakefill rest immediately after new learning increases free recall of verbal materia1, the researchers wrote. “38In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning. A report on the website of Harvard Medical School explains that a person lacking sleep cannot focus attention and therefore cannot learn efficiently.39. That is essential for learning new information.Robert Stickgold is a doctor and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School.4440 he said. 4,When wefirst form memories, they're in a very raw and fragile form. Sleep is important fbr forming memories." Stickgold suggested that adults between the ages of 18 and 64 get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per day. Teenagers may need slightly more, and people over the age of 65 may need a little less.A. New memories can be hard to keepThe results were strong even after seven daysB. Now you have two suggestions for how to learn new informationMany students often go straight to another activity after finishing studyC. By reducing your activity after study, your brain gets a chance to restIt also says sleep itself has a role in strengthening memoryD. But what you do after studying could have an effect on how well you learn【答案】36. G 37. D 38. B 39. F 40. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两种在学习之余巩固学习成果的方法：清醒的休息和睡 眠。【36题详解】上文 “ Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session.n （许多学生学习时 很少考虑课后会发生什么）说明很多学生不考虑课后的问题，以及下文“Now wc will explore some nocost ways （hat can help you improve your learning.v （现在我们将探索一些可以帮助你提高学习的免费方 法。）说明将为学生提供提高学习的方法，设空处承上启下，应说明学习后所做的事情可能会影响学习， G项“但是你在学习后做的事情可能会影响你的学习效果”符合题意。故选G。【37题详解】下文“ Perhaps they look at their phone or computer. They might even play a video game or watchtelevision."（他们可能会看手机或电脑，甚至也可能玩视频游戏或看电视。）说明学生完成学习之后可能 会做的事情，D项中another activity是关键词，说明学生所做的活动，D项“许多学生通常在完成学业后 直接参加另一项活动”符合题意。故选D。【38题详解】上文 “''A period of wakeful rest immediately after new learning increases free recall of verbal material/, the researchers wrote.”（研究人员写到“学习新知识后，立即进行一段清醒的休息可以增加对语言材料的自由 回忆。"）说明清醒的休息会产生好的效果，增加对语言材料的自由回忆，B项”即使在七天后，结果仍 然很明显”进一步说明效果，符合题意。故选B。【39题详解】上文 M A report on the website of Harvard Medical School explains that a person lacking sleep cannot fbcus attention and therefore cannot learn efficiently. "（在哈佛医站上的一篇报道称，一个缺乏睡眠的人不能集中 注意力，因此也不能高效地学习。）说明缺乏睡眠不利于学习，空处应继续说明睡眠对于学习的影响，F 项中sleep是关键词，说明睡眠对增强记忆方面有作用，F项“它还说睡眠本身在增强记忆方面也有作 用”符合题意。故选F。【40题详解】下文“When we first fonn memories, they're in a very raw and fragile fdnn. "（当我们最初形成记忆时，它们 是非常原始和脆弱的）说明最初形成的记忆是不容易保留的，A项“新的记忆可能很难保持”符合题意。 故选A。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从4155各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选 项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Cassidy and his friends were waiting for other members of their running group. They met 41 every Thursday but on this day last January, it would not be their 42 run.The first43that something was unusual was the man who ran44past them.“Running at such a fast pace,“ Cassidy said to his friends in 45Cassidy46why （he man was so swift when another man ran by, 47, “Help! He tookmyphone!''At that, they ran, tracking （he 48 down the streets 49 he disappeared in a construction site. Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off while the others 50 theneighborhood hoping he had thrown away （he phone in a backyard.No 5So they decided to ask the citizens whether they'd seen the guy. They knocked on onedoor after another, lb their 52, as one owner opened the door, the suspect rushed out and right53 the anns of the police, who'd already joined the search.“Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat, but occasionally it can【解析】be5441 A. roughlyCassidy told the Philadelphia Inquirer, 4tand here was one of those55B. eventuallyC. regularlyD. curiously42. A. exhaustingB. flexibleC. normalD. safe43 A. clueB. sightC. riskD. decision44. A. slowlyB. desperatelyC. steadilyD. aimlessly45. A. panicB. admirationC. reliefD.anger46. A. tried outB. let outC. picked outD. figured out47. A. addingB. complainingC. whisperingD. screaming48. A. memberB. athleteC.suspectD. colleague49. A. afterB. untilC. asD. whether50. A. searchedB.servedC. warnedD. harmed51. A.luckB.doubtC. wayD. wonder52. A. sorrowB. surpriseC. embarrassmentD. disappointment53. A. overB. throughC. offD. into54. A. usefulB. uselessC. tiringD. tough55. A. purposesB. opportunitiesC. plansD. tricks【答案】41.C42. C 43. A 44. B45. B 46. D 47. D48. C 49. B 50. A 51A 52. B 53,D 54. A 55. B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了 Cassidy和他跑步俱乐部的其他成员抓小偷的故事。卡西迪用这 个故事来表明跑步有时候是很有用的一件事。41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们定在每个星期四见面，但是在去年一月份的这一天，他们的跑步活动和平 常是不同的。A. roughly 粗略地;B. eventually 最终地：C. regularly 定期地;D. curiously 好奇地。由 “Cassidy and his friends were waiting for other members of their running group.M 以及“ They met every Thursday.M 可知, 他们是“定期”见面进行跑步活动的。故选C。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们定在每个星期四见面，但是在去年一月份的这一天，他们的跑步活动和 平常是不同的。A. exhausting令人疲倦的；B. flexible灵活的；C. normal正常的；D. safe安全的。由上一题 的分析可知，他们定期进行跑步活动。bul 一词表示转折，说明这一天的跑步活动与平时不一样，normal形 容人或物”符合常态或常规”。would not be (heir normal run.v意为“这一天的跑步活动与平时不一 样”。因此选择normal合乎语境。故选C。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一个不寻常的线索是那个拼命跑过去的人。A.clue线索；B.sighi视觉；C.risk 风险；D. decision决定。这一天的跑步活动与平时不一样，这说明“那个拼命跑过去的人”是一个线索。 故选Ao【44题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：第一个不寻常的线索是那个拼命地跑过去的人。A. slowly慢慢地：B. desperately 渴望地；C. steadily稳定地；D. aimlessly没有目标地。由下文的“Running at such a fast pace”可知，那个 人跑得特别快，选择desperately合乎语境。故选B。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy钦佩他对他的朋友说：“步伐如此之快”。A. panic惊慌；B. admiration 羡慕，欣赏；C. relief慰藉；D. anger愤怒。由Running at such a fast pace v可知，他很羡慕那个人跑得快。 故选Bo【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Cassidy弄清楚了那个人为什么跑得那么快，他的身后另一个男人跑了过去并大 喊：“帮我抓住他！他拿走了我的电话！ "。A. tried oul尝试；B.letoul发出；C. picked ou【挑选；D. figured oul弄清楚。由卜.一题的分析可知，Cassidy弄清楚了跑得快的那个人是因为拿了别人的手机被主人追赶所 致。故选D。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy弄清楚了那个人为什么跑得那么快，他的身后另一个男人跑了过去并大 喊：“帮我抓住他！他拿走了我的电话! ”。A. adding增加；B. complaining抱怨;C. whispering低声说; D. screaming尖叫，拼命叫喊。由“Help! He took my phone!”可知，手机的主人在“叫喊”请求帮助。故 选D。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时，他们跑了过去沿着街追赶嫌疑人，直到他消失在建筑工地。A. member会 员；B.athleie 运动员；C. suspect 嫌疑犯；D. colleague 同事。由下文的 “To their 12 ,as one owner opened the door, the suspect rushed outv可知，拿走手机的那个人是嫌疑犯。故选C。【49题详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：那时，他们跑了过去沿着街追赶嫌疑人，直到他消失在建筑工地。A.after在 之后；B.unlil直到；C.as当时候；D. whether是否。大家加入到追赶的行列中去，直到嫌疑犯跑得不 见了踪影，选择until合乎语境。故选B。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy跑到远处切断小偷的去路而其他人则搜寻附近的地方，大家希望小偷把 电话丢在后院。A. searched寻找;B. served服务;C. warned警告；D. harmed危害。Cassidy将路的一头堵 住，其他人继续寻找小偷。故选A。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：运气不好，他们没能抓住小偷，所以他们决定问市民是否见过这个家伙。A. luck 运气;B. doubt怀疑;C. way 方式;D. wonder 奇迹。ftl MSo they decided to ask the citizens whether they seen the guy.”可知,大家没能追上小偷。故选A。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他们惊讶的是，当一个房主打开门时，犯罪嫌疑人冲了出来，正好撞进了已 经加入搜杳的警察的怀抱中。A. sorrow悲伤：B. surprise惊讶；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. disappointment 失望。由 “as one owner opened the door, the suspect rushed outM 可知,大家当时一定会很惊讶的。故选 B., 【53题详解】考查介词词义辨析二句意：令他们惊讶的是，当一个房主打开门时，犯罪嫌疑人冲了出来，正好撞进了已 经加入搜查的警察的怀抱中。A. over超过;B. through通过;C. off离开；D.into进入。run into the arms "撞 进某人的怀抱”符合语境。故选D。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy告诉费城问询报的记者：“跑步通常是一种无用的运动，它将脂 肪细胞转化为热量,但偶尔也会有用“。A. useful有用的;B. useless无用的;C. tiring令人厌倦的;D. tough 困难的。逗号前面的句子讲的是跑步无用，通过bul一词的转折可知，后面应该说跑步是有用的。故选A。 【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy告诉费城问询报的记者：“这就是其中一个机会”。A. purposes目 的；B.opportunities机会；C.plans计划；D. tricks诡Cassidy和其他人帮忙抓小偷是跑步有用武之地的 一个机会。故选Bo第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题L5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Nikhil Kumar is one of the best young table tennis 56(player)in the United States. Less thana month after Kumar won the right 57(compete)in lhem,the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games 58(put)off until 2021. Like so many other Olympic athletes, he is now trying to stay sharp and in shape.59 is different arc all the details of his training. All things considered, he says, everythingseems to be working. "For my sport, a little lucky that we're able to have everything indoors, and it's not taking up too much space and cvcrything, Kumar said. "Not many sports arc as lucky as ours arc right now, to