2021-2022学年高中英语语法专题2代词教案(含解析)新人教版必修1.docx

二、代词人称代词主格Iyouhesheitwethey安格meyouhimheritusthem1人称代词的用法1 .人称代词作主语，用主格。如：We love our country.我们热爱我们的祖国。2 .人称代词作宾语，用宾格。如：Winnie is a nice girl. Wo all like her.温妮是个好姑娘。我们都喜欢她。3 .人称代词在口语中，用宾格。如：If I were her, I wou 1 d stay.要是我是她，我就留卜.来。2人称代词的宾格代替主格的几种场合1.在日常生活中，人称代词作表语时，常用代词的宾格。如：A:Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门呀?B: Its me.是我。2. 口语中，当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子中作主语时，常用代词的宾格。that, those常常用来代替上文提到过的名词，以防止重复。that指代不可数名词或可数名词的单数。如：Life today is much better than that in the old days 指现在的生活比过去好多了。those指代可数名词复数。如：The days in summer are longer than those in winter.夏天的白天比冬天的白天长。3. this, that还可用作副词，意为“这么”“那么。修饰形容词或副词，其用法与so类 似。如：She has never been this late for school before.她以前上学从没有这么晚过。She is too young to walk that far.她太小，走不了那么远。4. 与表示时间的名词搭配。this与有些名词连用表示“目前的具体时间”this morning 今天早晨this aflermoon 今天下午this evening今天晚上this week 本周this month这个月this spring今年春天that与某些名词连用表示“过去的具体时间that rnorming那天早上that afternoon 那天下午that evening那天晚上that week 那周that month那个月that spring那年春天these与某些名词连用表示“与目前相关的一段时间”these days如今，目前，这些天these years 这些年these months 这些月those与某些名词连用表示“与过去相关的一段时间。those days那些日子those years 那些年those months 那些月2指示代词在句中所作得成分.主语：如：This is what I want to emphasize.这就是我想强调的。1 .宾语：如：Better take those with you.最好把那些带着。2 .表语：如：My idea is this.我的想法是这样的。3 .定语：如：What shall I do with those flower 这些花怎么办？不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。不定代词表示某种程度和各种类型的 不确定意义，它们在逻辑意义上是数量词，具有整体或局部意义。1简单不定代词1. one的用法one指代可数名词，既可指人，也可指物。可单独使用，也可放在单数可数名词前作定语。one-ones （复数）one's （名词所有格） -oneself （反身代词）反义疑问句：one正式语体；you 口语单独使用，泛指“人”"一个人”“人们。（此时句中也可以出现one's或oneself与之照应）如：One often faiIs to see their own fau】ts.人往往看不见自己的缺点。One should do their best at al 1 times.一个人无论如何都应尽最大努力。表示具体的“一个人”或"一个事物”如：He is not one who is easy to work with.他不是容易合作的人。This is the one you looking for.这就是你要找的那一个。注意：当。ne前面有形容词修饰时，形容词前必须有冠词或代词。如：Her new car goes faster than her old one.她的新汽车比旧的跑得快。I donf t like this green peach. Please give me a red one.我不喜欢这个绿桃子，请 给我一个红的。代替上文已出现过的单数可数名词或复数名词以防止重复。如：I prefer red roses to white ones.我喜欢红玫瑰胜过白玫瑰。The problem is harder than that one.这个问题比那个更难。 词汇辨析：it, one,与thatit是用来代替前文出现的同一事物，即指同类同物，代替可数或不可数名词。复数是they （主格）them （宾格）I left my electronic dictionary in my drawer, but today it is gone.我把电子词典放 在抽屉里,可今天不见了。（it指上文提到的electronic dictionary）one代替与前面事物同属一类但非同一个的可数名词，表示泛指意义。复数为。nes.如：I don' t like this type of CD player. Could you show me a better one?我不喜 欢这种类型的CD播放机，能不能给我拿一个更好一点的？ （one指CD player）that用来代替前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，可以指同一类；它 的复数形式是those,用来替代前面特指的复数名词，只能指物不能指人。如：Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Henry.玛丽的书法比亨利的好多 了。 （that 指 the handwriting）either, neither either表示“两者中任何一个"：neither表示“两者中任何一个都不"；either, neither 是一对意义相反的代词，二者用法一样，都可作主语，宾语和定语。如:Either is OK.（作主语）两个随便哪个都行。You may take either of the books.作宾语）两本书中随你拿一本。There are roses on either side of the road.（作定语）路两旁种着玫瑰花。either和neither作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Neither is willing to help her.两人都不愿帮她。注意：neither后可跟of短语如:Neither of them is interested in the film.他们两个都对那部电影没兴趣。either用作代词，可以单独使用，也可和of连用，of后接复数名词，名词前要用一个 物主代词，指示代词或定冠词。如：He doesn' t like either of the two places.他不喜欢这两个地方中的任何一个。either. or "不是.就是.;或者或者."neither. nor ”既不.也不.皆为并列连词，连接句中两并列成分，连接两并列主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上应遵循就 近一致的原那么，即根据与谓语动词最靠近的主语决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。如：Either he or you have stolen my watch.不是他就是你偷了我的手表。Neither my sister nor I am willing to work wi th you.我姐姐和我都不愿和你一起工作。either在否认句中常位于句末，表示"也"之意，此时either为副词。如：I don' t like maths and he dislike it, either.我不喜欢数学，他也不喜欢。neither表示“也不"，位于句首。后面使用倒装语序。如：This shirt doesn' t fit me;neither does that one.这种衬衣不合我的身，那件也 一样。2. both, al 1 both"两者，都"仅指两个人或物;all “全部，都”指三个或三个以上的人或物;bothof/all of后为名词时，of可以省略。为代词宾格时，。f不可以省略。如：AH (of) the students went to the concert last night.昨晚所有的学生都去听音乐 会了。She invited both of us to her birthday party.她邀请我们两个参加她的生日宴会。al指事物的整体或抽象概念时用作单数，指人时用作复数。如：AU is going perfectly. 一切进展顺利。Al 1 are here, so let get started.所有人都到齐了,咱们开场吧。both和all都可置于定冠词等限定词之前，也可以直接修饰名词。如：All the windows are open.所有的窗户都开着。Both my sister and my cousin like playing cards.我的妹妹和表弟都喜欢打扑克。both, all作主语同位语时应位于实义动词之前，系动词，助动词或情态动词之后。如：They both 1 ike coffee very much.他们两个都很喜欢喝咖啡。The people al 1 agree to pass a law to protect wi Id animals.人们一致同意通过一项 保护野生动物的法令。They have both been living in Beijing for 20 years.他们两个在北京生活 20 年了。You should all hand in your work tomorrow.明天你们必须把作业交上。 在简单答语中，al和both不可置于句末。A:Were you all present at the meeting?你们都出席会议了吗?B:Ycs, wc all were.是的,我们都出席了。A:Have you finished the homework?你们完成作业了吗？B: Yes, we both have.是的，我们都完成了。注意：all的全部否认形式是none； both的全部否认形式是neither如：None of us is a worker. / None of us are workers.我们都不是工人。Neither of us is going to share the cost.我们俩都不承当这笔费用。all, both与not连用表示局部否认如：Not all/both the teachers in this remote school have opportunity to get further education.=All/both the teachers in this remote school don' t have opportunity to get furthereducation.在这所遥远学校，不是所有（两个）教师都有时机去进修。3. each, everyeach表示两者或两者以上的“每一个”，强调"个体”，倾向于把整体分开来考虑。（具 体的概念）作代词或形容词，可以作主语，宾语，定语和同位语。如:Each of them has a mobile phone.（作主语）他们每一个都有一部手机。From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.作宾语）各尽 所能，各取所需。Each room can seat at least fifty people.（作定语）每个房间至少能坐 50 人。We each have a text book.（作同位语）我们每个人有一本教科书。注意：代词each作同位语，谓语动词与主语we保持一致。ever指三者或三者以上的“每一个"，强调"全体"，暗示无一例外，在句中只能作 定语。（概括的概念）如：Every student went to the Great Wall with their teachers last Sunday.上周日 全体师生去爬的长城。注意：each of后跟可数名词或代词复数，every不与of连用。如：Each of the houses here is painted a different color.这里每幢房子都漆成不同的 颜色。基数词+名词复数”"evei'y+序数词+名词单数”表示"每，每隔"如：He went to sec his grandpa every five days/cvery fifth day.他每五天去看一次 爷爷。（1） every与not连用,表示局部否认。如：Every man is not honest. =Not every man is honest.并非每个人都老实。each与not连用,表示全部否认。如：Each man is not honest每个人都不老实。 在以下短语中,用each和every均可。cach/cvcry day;cach/cvcry year, cach/every time。但：every now and then ”时常，不 时"为固定构造，不能用each.4. another, other,the other, others, the othersanother强调三者或三者以上“另一个"，与可数名词单数连用，表示“另一个"，泛指(无整 体范围)如：I have looked through these. Will you please show me another shirt?这些我都看 了，能不能再拿一件衬衫给我看一看。“another数词+复数名词”表示在原有根底上“又,再,额外如：I have been here for two weeks and I wi 11 stay here for another three weeks. 我在这里已呆了两周了，我还要在这里再呆三周。 the other, other(1) the other：强调两者之间的"另一个"，one，the other,如：On one side of the river grow willows, and on the other side grow poplars. M 的一岸长着垂柳，另一岸长着杨树。可与复数名词连用，表示“其他的人或物"如：Can you distinguish Venus from the other stars?你能把金星与其他的星星区别开 来吗？other： “其他的"，与复数名词连用。如：No matter what other people may said btick to my plan.不管别人说什么，我都会 坚持我的方案。也可与单数名词连用，与单数名词连用时必须有the, some, any, no等词限定；"any + other+ 单数名词”，表示排除本身的“别的任何一个”如：1 have no other shoe.我没有其他可穿的鞋了。Have you got any other book on this subject?你还有关于这个问题的其他书吗？John isn' t here. He might be in some other room.约翰不在这里，他可能在别的房间。“数词十。ther+复数名词”表示"额外的”如：He found there were two other guests beside himself.他发现除了他自己还有另外 两个客人。 others, the others(1) others “others =other+复数名词"，常与some连用，表示“一些 "另一些”。如:Some of the questions are hard;others are easy.这些问题中有些很难,有些容易。In the summer vacation, some 1 ike to travel, and others 1 ike to have part-time jobs. 在暑假，有的人喜欢旅游，有的人喜欢打工。the others作代词，表示特定范围的其余的一些人或物。如：There are five foreign students in our class. Two of them are British and the others (=the other three foreign students)are Americans.我们班有五个外国学生,其 中两个是英国人，剩下的三个是美国人。There are ten apples. Five of them are mine, the others are yours.这儿有 10 个苹果， 5个是我的，其余的5个是你的。6. some, anysome常用在肯定句中，接可数名词复数或不可数名词。如：Some people work to live, and some live to work.一些人工作是为了活着，一些人 活着是为了工作。I* d like some coffee with milk.我想要点加奶的咖啡。any多用于疑问句，否认句，或条件句中，表示“一些"，既可以指可数名词复数，也 可指不可数名词。如：Have you got any money with you?你身上带钱了吗？There worit be any trouble.不会有麻烦。If you have any books, please give me some.如果你有书,请给我一些©注意：some有时也用于疑问句中，表示说话者希望对方给予肯定的答复。如：Would you like some tea?你想喝点茶吗？any有时也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”“任何一些”。如：Any normal child can learn a language very quickly.任何正常的儿童学习一门语 言都非常快。Tom is taller than any other student in my class.汤姆比班里的其他任何一个同学都 高。(汤姆是班里个儿最高的一位同学)“some/any of +"构造作主语时，谓语动词需要根据of后面的名词单复数而定。如：Some of the food has gone bad.有些食品变质了。Some of them agree, and some of them don't他们中有些人同意,有些不同意。I don't think any of them are coming.我认为他们没人会来。Any of your time is to be made full use of.应该充分利用你的任何时间。some还可指某一个，此时常修饰可数名词的单数形式，some的这种用法暗含不认识，不 知道，不感兴趣，不重视等意思、。如：Some person parked his car here.有人把车停在了这里。Some day I * rn going to take a long motor trip.某一天我要骑摩托车做一次长途旅行。6. much,manymany修饰或代替可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。如：He hasn, t had much happiness these last few years.最近这几年他没有过多少舒 心的日子。How many times have you been there?你到那里去过几次?more是many和much的比拟级,many的比拟级前用many等修饰可数名词的词语；mu比 的比拟级前用much等修饰不可数名词的词语。如:He has many (a lot/a few)more apples than I.他的苹果比我的多得多(多几个)。He has much (a lot/a little)more money than I 他的钱比我的多得多(多,些词组a good many和复数名词连用，谓语动词也用复数形式；manya后的名词，动词都 用单数。如：A good many books were imported last year.去年进口 了许多书籍。Many a man has tried it.许多人都已试过了。 作名词或代词，much 一般只用于否认句或疑问句。但much可用在too, so及as之后的 肯定句中。如：Does he know much about it?他对此了解很多吗?He spends too much money on beer.他花太多的钱喝啤酒。much ton修饰形容词或副词，意为“实在太.；too mneh修饰不可数名词，表示“太 多."如：He drives much too careful ly.他开车实在太小心了。I drank too much wine last night.昨晚我的酒喝多了。7. few, a few, 1 ittle, a 1 ittlefew几乎没有；表否认；代替或修饰可数名词。a few几个，一些；表little, a little作主语修饰名词时，谓语动词用单数。如：Few of them have been to London.他们中几乎没人去过伦敦。There are a few mistakes in his composition.他的作文中有几处错误。Hurry up. There is little time left.快点，快没时间了。little可作状语，修饰形容词、副词或形容词、副词的比拟级形式，相当于a bit.意 为“有点”。not a little=very 非常，很not a bit=not in the least/not at all 点也不如：He is a little/a bit taller than his brother.他比他的兄弟稍高一点。He is not a little tired.他很累。He is not a bit tired.他一点也不累。 quite a few=many 很多；quite a 1 itile二much 跟多如：Quite a few people knew about it.©有关的固定搭配not a few相当多的only a few仅少数，只有几个little or no几平没有1 ittle by little 逐渐地复合不定代词somebody, anybody, nobodysomeone, anyone,no onesomething, anything, nothing everybody, everyone,everything 如：A: I don* t want to go to the theater tonight.今晚我不想去剧院。B:Me neither.我也不想去。A: I wou 1 d like to stay here for another week.我想在这里再呆一周。B:Me too.我也是。3 .在带as和than的比拟级后面，许多场合下用代词的宾格。如：She knows me as wel 1 as him.她像了解他一样了解我。He is tai ler than me.他比我高。4 . 口语中，当人称代词用于带有强烈感情色彩的句子中作主语且其后不带宾语时，多用代 词的宾格。如：A:You ought to do it at once.你应该马上做。B： What?Me!什么？我!3多个人称代词并列时的顺序在英语中如果出现多个人称代词，其排列的顺序主要有如下几种情况：1 .单数的场合：you+he/she +1如：You, he and I will go shopping tomorrow.你，他和我明天将去购物。2 .复数的场合:we +you +they如：We, you and they are all Chinese.我们，你们和他们都是中国人。3 .男女两性并列场合：he+she如：He and she don' t agree with me.他和她不同意我的看法。1 .作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。人员：Everything is ready for the meeting.Is anybody absent?注意：作反义疑间句，指物时，一律用单数Everything is ready, isn' t it?指人时 Somebody was here yesterday, wasn1 t he?Nobody came here yesterday, did they?（看不出单复数时，表泛指）.当形容词修饰复合不定代词时，应放在其后，作后置定语。如：He said nothing new.My mother cooked something rice for dinner.注意：复合不定代词可与else连用。如：Nobody else but Robert could ever say this thing.除了罗伯特，其他人未曾说过 这件事。Ask somebody else to help you.请别人帮你吧。2 .复合不定代词后不可接of短语，但分开写的some one, every one, any one定后可接of 短语。如：Every one of the students can speak good English.这些学生中每个人都能说一口 流利的英语。You may tel I any one of us.你可以告诉我们中的任何一个人。（no one后不可接of短语， 但none可以）疑问代词who, whom, whose, what,which.1 whowh。指人，是主格。主要作主语或表语。如：Who saw you?谁看见你了？Who is that girl哪女孩是谁？2whomwhom指人，为who的宾格，用作定语。如：With whom did you go to the concert?你和谁去听音乐会?3whosewhose是用来询问某人或某物属于谁的，在句中放在名词前作定语。如：Whose bicycle is this?这是谁的自行车？4whatwhat用于对未知事物提问，主要指事物，也可以指人的职业或身份特征，还可用来询问价 格，人口数量等。如：What do you usually do on Sundays?星期天你经常做什么？What color do you like?你喜欢什么颜色？What is your f'alher?你父亲是做什么职业的？What.for?有时省略为What for?用来询问原因或Fl的。如:What do you spend all the money?for你为什么把那些钱都花光了?What for?We still have enough food in the apartment.为什么？在公寓里我们仍然还有 足够的食物。What i.用来表示假设，建议，征求意见或疑虑等。如：What if it rains while we are on the way?要是旅途中下雨怎么办？What i f I go with you to the bazaar tomorrow?明天我和你们一块去集市怎么样?What about. ?表示建议或征求对方意见。如：What about going to the zoo?去动物园怎么样？I donf t want to 1 eave, what about you?我不想走,你呢?What do yon mean用于向对方表示愤怒,不满等情绪。如：What do you mean by shutting the door so loudly?你这么大声关门是什么意思?What do you mean by shouting at me?你对着我大嚷是什么意思？5whichwhich可指人或事物，表示在某一范围内选择。用于必须做出某种特定的选择时，which后 可以加of,而whal那么不可以。如：Which color do you like better, red or yellow?红色和黄色你更喜欢哪一种？4 .成认错误或承当责任时：I +he/she+you如：I and he are to blame for the accident.我和他应为这次事故承当责任。5 . You and I是固定构造，即使是在成认过失时，词序也不变。如：You and I are to b 1 ame.我和你应为此负责。4he和she的特殊用法1此局部超出提纲要求，仅做了解）he可指代雄性动物或庞大而又威猛之物。she可指代雌性动物或柔弱，优美之物，也可代表拟人化说法中的国家，月亮，汽车，轮船 等无生命的东西，以表达其喜爱或亲切之情。如：The fierce tiger carme at the monkey,but he missed heitiger, her 指 monkey）凶 猛的老虎向猴子扑来，可没扑到。China will always do what she has promised to do.中国将始终履行自己的诺言。The moon loses her brilliance when the sun makes his appearance.太阳一出来，月亮 就失去了她的光芒。She was Titanic, a ship which was said never to sink.她就是泰坦尼克号，据说是一艘 永不漂浮的船.5报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I （同样地，用。ur代替my） 如:We believe that China will still make greater progress.我们相信中国将会有更 大的开展。In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的一部电影。6 we, you, they有时超出人称的区别，都可以泛指一般人，指"人们"，单数用he 如：We never know the worth of the wel 1 till i t is dry.失去了才知道可贵。You can't live wi thout air and water离开空气和水，人就无法生存。They say theirs going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又将是个丰 收年。He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后谁笑的最好。7it的用法1 .指刚提到过的事物，以防止重复。如：A： When did the letter come?这封信什么时候送来的?B： It delivered this morning.今天早上送来的。2 .指未知性别的婴儿或孩子。如：What a beautiful baby, is it a boy?多漂亮的宝宝呀，是男孩吗？3 .指不明身份的人。如：A： Who is it knocking at the door?谁在敲门？B: It might be the postman.可能是邮递员。4 .指时间或季节。如：It is ten o'clock.现在是十点钟。It is late autumn.现在已是深秋了。5 .指天气，环境。如：It's raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。It is noisy in here.这里很嘈杂。6 .指距离。如：It is half an hour' s walk to the city centre.走到市中心只需半小时。7 .用于形式主语或形式宾语。简单句:It is hard to learn English well. （it 做形式主语,真正主语是 learn English）I find it hard to learn English well, （hard为宾语补足语,语义上的补充）（it做形式 宾语,真正宾语是learn English）复合句:I find （that） it is hard to learn English well 宾语从句）（主句是 I find,系表为it is引导的从句）8 .用于强调构造中，不作任何成分注意：在强调构造中，不能强调谓语局部。It is/was. that/who.如：The students are learning grammar in the classroom now.- *It is the students who arc learning grammar in the classroom now.- -11 is grammar that the students are learning in the classroom now.- It is in the classroom that the students are learning grammar now.- *It is now that the students are learning grammar in the classroom.9 .用来代替上文提到过的句子。this上文发生过的，下文要说的事。（通常）that只能指代上文说过的一个名词。it通常指代上文的一句话。如：