山东省德州市第一中学2022-2023学年高二上学期1月期末考试英语 含解析.docx

In future, (he researchers want to use other methods (o start the drug release, such as heat or near-infrared light. They also plan to try making microrollers out of materials that would break down in the body over a few weeks or months.The team hopes to test the microrollcrs in animals soon. "The rollers need to carry enough cancer drugs, which is why we need to have them in large numbers,“ says Setti. "But since we can locally take drugs to the right target, wc don,t need huge dosages (剂量)What can the microrollers be used for?A. Repairing blood cells. B. Delivering drugs.C. Improving blood flow. D. Performing operations.32. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the microrollers?A. Their shape.B. Their advantage.C. Their design.D. Their application.33. What can we learn about the robots from Paragraph 4?A. Their direction can be adjusted.C. They might gel stuck in the blood.35. What will the scientists probably do next?A. Put the microrollers (o clinical use.B. They might miss the target cells.D. Their speed can change automatically.C. Tear the microrollcrs down in the body.【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. DB. Sell the microrollers in large quantities.D. Experiment with the microrollers further.【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国开发的小型机器人一一microroller,它能够运送抗癌药 物，并有选择性地针对人类的乳腺癌细胞。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Metin Sitti at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, and his colleagues have developed tiny robots “microroller“ ihat can carry cancer drugs and selectively target human breast cancer cells.”（德国斯图加特马克斯普朗克智能系统研究所的梅廷西蒂和他的同事己经 开发出微型机器人"microrollcr”，可以携带抗癌药物并选择性地靶向人类乳腺癌细胞）可知，这种微型机 器人可以运送抗癌药物，并有选择地针对人类乳腺癌细胞。故选B项。【33题详解】主旨大意题。第二段“The microrollcrs are round and made from glass microparticles. One half of the robot was coated with a thin magnetic nanofilm made from nickel and gold. The other half was coated with the cancer drug doxombicin as well as molecules that recognize cancer cells. （microroller 是圆形的，由玻璃微粒制成。机器 人的一半表面覆盖着一层由银和金制成的磁性纳米薄膜。另一半涂有抗癌药物阿霉素以及识别癌细胞的 分子）可知，第二段主要介绍了这种微型机器人的形状，构成材料等，即小型机器人"microroller''的设 计。故选C项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“By applying magnetic fields, the team was able （o control the movement of the microrollers, both with and against the flow of blood.”（通过施加磁场,该团队能够控制 microroller 的运动， 包括在顺着和逆着血液流动的情况下）可知，通过应用磁场，研究小组能够控制这种机器人的运动，无 论是顺着血液流动的方向还是逆着血液流动的方向。即它的运动方向是可以调整的。故选A项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"The team hopes to test the microrollcrs in animals soon. uThc rollers need to carry enough cancer drugs, which is why we need to have them in large numbers,M says Setti.（该团队希望很 快在动物身上测试microroller。Selti说：“微型机器人需要携带足够的药，这就是我们需要大量使用它们 的原因。”）推知，科学家要对这种机器人进行进一步的实验。故选D项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。How coming to China has changed my life and careerHello, everyone. My name is Jonathan Lopez, and I am a dual（双重的）citizen from Colombia and Canada.36， and how it has a potential to also change yours, if you allow it to have the opportunity to welcomeyou to China.When I was 18 years old, I had the opportunity to leave Columbia for the first time to go to see my father in Canada. I studied in a university in Canada, during which I had a chance to go study abroad in universities in Netherlands and Australia, travelling to many countries. 37, because I got a scholarship to study atTsinghua University as a choice for scholar.When it came （o China, I had so many ideas about what China was supposed to be about. The surprise is that it was nothing like I imagined in a more positive way than expected. When I come here, 38. All thedevelopment and how fast things move in China really allow me to quickly realize that this is the place where I needed to continue growing in my career professionally.39. After I graduated from Tsinghua university. I got a job at Bytedance Internet Company first, andcurrently for Tiktok. But the most important thing is （hat I can be able to become an ambassador, and share my story about how being in Chinamy another home一impacted me and change my life so much.It's been only three years in China and it's just the beginning. There is so much more that I can continue to learn in this place, and its just an open invitation for people that are thinking to study abroad, work abroad or do things anywhere in （he world, to also consider China. Hence, this is a place （o be, and this is a place where you can learn and grow a lot. 40.A. So I decided to stayAnd then I was ready to conic to ChinaB. Today I want to share why coming to China changed my lifeAnd this is something that really can change your life as wellC. mobile payment was one of （he things thal struck me the mostBy the time i graduated from university I had already traveled to 61 countriesD. I realize all the potential that this place has and all the things that I could learn about China 【答案】36.C37. B 38. G 39. A 40. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿。演讲者Jonathan Lopez就自己来到中国后，是如何改变了他的生活和事业发 表的演讲。【36题详解】根据空后 u and how it has a potential to also change yours, if you allow it to have the opportunity to welcome you to China."（如果你允许中国有机会欢迎你来中国，它也有可能改变你的国家。）与C选项中的 ucoming to China changed my life”呼应，同时根据演讲稿的标题和结构可知，第一段应该是演讲人 Jonathan Lopez（乔纳森洛佩兹）说明此次演讲的主题：为什么来中国改变了我的人生。故选C。37题详解】根据下文“because I got a scholarship to study at Tsinghua University as a choice for scholar.M （因为我得到 了去清华大学学习的奖学金并选择将清华作为之后深造的学府。）可知那时我已经做好准备来中国，故选 B。【38题详解】从上文“When I come here,"（来到中国时）和卜文 44All the development and how fast things move in China really allow me to quickly realize that this is the place where I needed to continue growing in my career professionally."（所有的发展成就以及中国发展的速度，真的让我很快意识到：这就是我想要继续寻求专 业上的成长的地方。）可见此题应写我来中国的收获：“我渐渐发现了这个地方所具有的潜力以及我可以 学到的关于中国的所有东西。”与前面内容构成并列。故选G。39题详解】根据第三段最后一句中的 “ihis is the place where I needed to continue growing in my careerM （这是我需要 在职业生涯中继续成长的地方）可知，是我选择在这里的原因。与空中内容构成因果关系。故选A。【40题详解】根据空前"Hence, this is a place to be, and this is a place where you can learn and grow a lot." （因此，这是 个值得去 地方，是一个你可以学习和成长很多的地方。）可知，后面应该承接的是作者在中国的收获即 不仅学习，成长，最终实现了改变。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My father had been a corporate sales trainer who taught presentation skills. He traveled across the world for 41 and competed in tennis tournaments on the weekends. 44Life is good,“ he would say, with a twinkle in his eye.However, everything 42 during my sophomore year of high school. A sudden stroke left him with a severe physical disability and loss of 43One afternoon, I came home to find my dad watching a（n）44video of us playing tennis. What usedto be such a 45 pleasure was now impossible. I46us on the screen, fascinated by that47 memory.Wc watched in silence until I couldn,t hold in my 48 any longer. 1 found myself shaking and 49 while the video played in the background. My heart broke for us both and 50 for what we could no longer do together.Moving his lips, my dad 51 wanted to say something, but he was powerless. Although his movement was limited, he closed (he gap between us and gave my hand a 52 squeeze.Later, on a family trip to Tahoe, niy dad saw a group of people parasailing on the lake.He and I had gone a few limes 53 his stroke, but years had passed since then. 44You and me!” he managed to 54We floated high above the water, eyes fixed on the selling sun. Then, my dad looked at me with a familiar expression. uLifc. good.After coming back home, my father worked 55 to recover what he lost and regained a fair amount of his speech.“Lifb is good.'' Three simple words. But my dad injected true meaning into the phrase by refusing to let his【解析】sickness overshadow the days he had left.41. A. adventureB. workC. competitionD. pleasure42. A. happenedB. arrivedC.changedD. started43.A. speechB. confidenceC. sightD.energy44. A. oldB. shortC. liveD. online45. A. greatB. rareC. personalD. simple46. A. glanced overB. stared atC. looked intoD. smiled to47. A. sharedB. bittersweetC. distantD. virtual48. A. griefB. memoryC. angerD. excitement49. A. movingB. rockingC. dancingD. crying50. A. sankB. meltedC. achedD. skipped51 A. eventuallyB. especiallyC. clearlyD. merely52. A. comfortingB. strongC. quickD. friendly53. A. afterB. despiteC. throughD. before54. A. squeezeB. createC. sayD. achieve55. A. independentlyB. tirelesslyC. closelyD. properly【答案】41.B 42. C43. A 44. A45. D 46. B 47. B48. A 49. D 50. C 51.C 52. A 53. D54. C 55. B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述父亲曾经是一位培训师，也经常打网球，但是因为一次意外中风导 致瘫痪和失语。几年后跟父亲的一次旅行之后，父亲开始不知疲倦地恢复自己失去的东西。41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为了工作全世界到处跑，并在周末参加网球比赛。A. adventure冒险；B.work 工作；C. competition 竞争；D. pleasure 愉快。根据第一句 "My father had been a corporate sales trainer who laughipresentalion skills（我父亲曾经是一名公司销售培训师，教授演讲技巧）”可知，父亲全世界到处 跑是为了工作。故选B。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我高二那年一切都变了。A. happened发生；B. arrived到达；C. changed 改变：D. started 开始。根据卜文 “ A sudden stroke left him with a severe physical disability and loss。匚_3_.（他突然中风，身体严重残疾并失去了）”可知，因为父亲中风，生活一切都变了。故选Co【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析.句意：他突然中风，身体严重残疾并失去了语言能力。A. speech言语；B. confidence 自信；C.sight 视力，景色；D.energy 精力，能量。根据下文 “ Moving his lips, my dad11 wanted tosay something, bin he was powerless.（动了动嘴唇，我爸爸想要说些什么,但是他无能为力）”可知,父亲 失去了语言能力，呼应下文“regained a fair amount of his speech（恢复了相当一部分的语言能力）”。故选Ao【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天下午我回到家发现爸爸在观看我们以前一起打球的视频。A. old老的， 旧的；B.short短的;C.live现场直播的;D.online在线的。根据下文“What used to be such a5 pleasure was now impossible.（以前多么快乐如今也成为不可能的事）”可知，父亲看的是以前 的视频。故选A。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：以前多么简单的快乐如今也成为不可能的事。A. great伟大的；B. rare罕见 的；C personal个人的；D. simple简单的。根据上下文可知，以前跟父亲经常一起打球，那是很容易实现 的快乐。故选D。【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我盯着屏幕,被那苦乐参半的记忆所吸引。A. glanced over瞥一眼;B. stared at凝视;C. looked into调查；D. smiled to对微笑。根据下文“We watched in silence （我们默默地看着）”可知，作者一直盯着屏幕看。故选B。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我盯着屏幕，被那苦乐参半的记忆所吸引。A. shared共享的；B. bittersweet 苦乐参半的；C. distant遥远的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据上下文可知，父亲中风再也不能跟他一起打球， 作者看着这个视频既开心乂难过。故选B.【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们默默地看着，直到我再也无法忍受悲伤。A. grief痛苦、悲伤；B. memory 记忆；C. anger 怒火；D. excitement 兴奋。根据下文 u I found myself shaking.My heart broke for us both and 10 for what we could no longer do logeiher.（我发现我自己在颤抖 我为我们俩感到心碎，因为我们 再也不能在一起做事情）”可知，作者很悲伤。故选A。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当视频在后台播放时，我发现我自己在颤抖和哭泣。A. moving移动；B.rocking 摇摆；C. dancing 跳舞：D. crying 哭泣。根据卜文 “My heart broke for us both and10for what we could no longer do logeihe"我为我们俩感到心碎，因为我们再也不能在一起做事情）”可知，作者很悲 伤，可得出作者在哭泣。故选D。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我为我们俩感到心碎，为我们再也不能在一起做的事情感到痛心。A. sank下 沉；B. melted 融化；Cached 疼痛;D. skipped 跳过,略过。根据前半句 "My heart broke for us both"可 知，作者既心碎又心痛。故选C。51题详解】考查副词词义辨析工句意：动了动嘴唇，显然我爸爸想要说些什么，但是他无能为力。A. evenlually最 终：B. especially XM: C. clearly 很明显;D. merely 仅仅。根据前半句"Moving his lips” 可知，父亲动 了动嘴唇，很明显是想说些什么。故选C.【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的行动受到限制，他拉近了我们之间的距离，安慰地握了握我的 手。A. comforting安慰的；B. strong强烈的;C. quick快速的；D. friendly友好的。根据上下文可知，作 者很悲伤，父亲是想安慰作者。故选A。【53题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我和他在他中风之前经常去，但是从那时起已经过去很多年了。A. after在之后；B. despite 虽然;C. through 通过;D. before 在之前。根据后半句"but years had passedsince then"可知，他们是在父亲中风以前经常去。故选D。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我和你！ ”他设法说出了这几个字。A. squeeze挤压；B. create创造；C. say 说；D.achieve实现。根据上文“You and me! ”可知，这是父亲设法说出的几个字。故选C。【55题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：回家之后，我父亲开始不知疲倦地找回他失去的东西，慢慢恢复了相当一部 分的语言能力。A. independently独立自主地;B. tirelessly不知疲倦地;C. closely密切地;D. properly合 适地。根据 卜 文 “But my dad injected true meaning into the phrase by refusing to let his sickness overshadow the days he had left.（但我爸爸给这句话注入了真正的意义，因为他拒绝让自己的疾病给他剩下的日子蒙上 阴影）”可知，父亲不向疾病低头，所以父亲回家后不知疲倦地让自己恢复。故选B。第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The trade routes are of great importance. In march, the Suez Canal, one of the world's most important sea trade routes, 56 （block） by a ship, causing an epic maritime traffic jam of nearly 300 ships between Europe and Asia. Besides the Suez Canal, China's ancient Silk Road also played 57 important role in trade and cultural exchanges between China and Europe.In early history. The Silk Road was the most important trade route, 58 （mark） the beginning of globalization. As the first route59 introduced the Eastern world to the Western civilization, the SilkRoad in China can date 60the Han dynasty in ancient China. In the following years in history, many great figures had made significant 61 (contribute) to the development of the Silk Road.Though the Silk Road was mainly a trading route, it was 62 (benefit) to each other in the first place. It 63 (actual) made great attraction to the development of (he civilization of (he world, opening long-distance political and economic communication between Europe and Asia. The ancient Silk Road is more like a historical textbook, enabling people from different cultures and regions 64 (comprehend) what happened during the ancient time. Up to now, the Silk Road in China 65(bring) great attraction to thetourism in China even in (he world.【答案】56. was blocked57. an 58. marking59. that 60, fromcontributions61. beneficialactually62. to comprehendhas brought【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国丝绸之路的历史以及其在中欧贸易和文化交流中发挥的重要 作用。【56题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在三月，世界上最重要的海上贸易航线之一苏伊士运河被一艘船只封锁，导致 欧洲和亚洲之间发生了近300艘船只的大规模海上交通堵塞。此处为谓语动词，由“In march”得知此处 用过去时，而Suez Canal(名词单数)与谓语动词block之间是被动的关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态， 主语是单数，谓语也用单数形式。故填was blocked。【57题详解】考查冠词。句意：除了苏伊士运河，中国古代丝绸之路在中欧贸易和文化交流中也发挥了重要作用。固 定搭配played an important role in.意为“在中起了重要作用"。其中important为元音因素开头，前面应使用不定冠词an。故填an。【58题详解】考查现在分词。句意：在早期历史上，丝绸之路是最重要的贸易通道，标志着全球化的开始。分析句子 结构可知，本句己有谓语was且无连词，动词mark用非谓语形式，动词mark与逻辑主语The Silk Road 构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填marking。【59题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国丝绸之路是中国古代将东方世界引入西方文明的第一条路，可以追溯到汉 代。此处为定语从句修饰先行词route,且先行词(被序数词(he first修饰)在从句中作主语，指物，故应 用关系代词thato故填thato【60题详解】考查介词。句意：中国丝绸之路是中国古代将东方世界引入西方文明的第一条路，可以追溯到汉代。固 定搭配date from意为“追溯到”。故填from。【61题详解】考查名词的数。句意：在随后的历史岁月中，许多伟大的人物为丝绸之路的发展做出了重要的贡献.make coniribuiions to为固定搭配，意为"为做出贡献”。形容词significant修饰名词coniribulions作定语。故填 contributions。【62题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然丝绸之路主要是一条贸易路线，但它首先是对彼此有利的。根据该空前的was 可知,此空应用benefit的形容词形式，be beneficial 2意为“有利于"。故填beneficial。【63题详解】考查副词。句意：它实际上对世界文明的发展产生了巨大的吸引力，开启了欧亚政治经济的远距离交 流。分析句子可知，此处应该用副词修饰动词made。故填aclually。【64题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：古丝绸之路更像是一本历史教科书，让来自不同文化和地区的人们了解古代发 生的事情。此处考察固定搭配enable sb. io do sth.（使某人能够做某事），用动词不定式形式。故填I。comprehend o【65题详解】考查时态。句意：时至今日，中国的丝绸之路已经给中国乃至世界的旅游业带来了巨大的吸引力。分析 句子可知，根据时间状语叩t。now,所以本句时态为现在完成时。主语the Silk Road为第三人称单数形 式，其后谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填has brought。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）63. 假定你是新华中学李华，你的外籍朋友Michael来信表示对中国文化很感兴趣，正巧这学期你校要开 设“话说中国节（FestiveChina）”的线上课程，请你回信向他推荐此课程。内容包括：1 .开设时间；2.课程内容；3.报名方式。注意：2 .词数数左右;.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。（答案One possible version:Dear Michael,An online course entitled “Festive China will be set up by our school. Knowing you are an enthusiast of Chinese culture, I'm writing to recommend it to you.The course is arranged on every Friday evening from September I, consisting of 12 two-hour sessions, each of which introduces different Chinese festivals. You may learn origins, backgrounds and customs of them. If