研究生英语写作图表类.pptx
会计学1研究生英语写作图表类研究生英语写作图表类n n（二）图表式作文（二）图表式作文n n考研图表作文考研图表作文是通过提供的是通过提供的一组或一组或几组数据几组数据来反映来反映某个趋势或某一问某个趋势或某一问题、现象题、现象。要求考生对图表中的。要求考生对图表中的相相关数据关数据进行进行描述、分析和评论描述、分析和评论，并，并得出得出合乎逻辑的合乎逻辑的结论结论。它是将数据、。它是将数据、形象信息转换为文字信息的过程。形象信息转换为文字信息的过程。n n图表作文图表作文要求的不是对图表的简单要求的不是对图表的简单叙述，而是叙述，而是抓住图表所反映的主要抓住图表所反映的主要问题问题。因为图表式作文所要讨论的。因为图表式作文所要讨论的现象和问题都隐含在数据里，所以现象和问题都隐含在数据里，所以考生常会感到比较难写。因此要想考生常会感到比较难写。因此要想抓住主旨，就要分析图表中那些抓住主旨，就要分析图表中那些最最有代表性、规律性的数字有代表性、规律性的数字，或，或变化变化大的数字大的数字。它的写作误区是报流水。它的写作误区是报流水账，对数据面面俱到，却不能指出账，对数据面面俱到，却不能指出图表所反映的中心，也不能利用数图表所反映的中心，也不能利用数据进行有力的论证。据进行有力的论证。第1页/共45页n n常见的图表类型有：常见的图表类型有：n n表格表格(Table)(Table)，它表示多种事物，它表示多种事物的相互关系；的相互关系；它可以使大量数据系它可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题标题(Title)(Title)、表头表头(Boxhead)(Boxhead)(表格表格的第一行的第一行)、侧目侧目(Stub)(Stub)(表格左边表格左边的第一列的第一列)和和主体主体(Body)(Body)部分部分(表格表格的其余部分的其余部分)等部分组成。等部分组成。n n用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个表格中各个项目的相互关系项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目，表格中各个项目的变化规律的变化规律。第2页/共45页n n曲线图曲线图(Line graph)(Line graph)也称为线也称为线性图或坐标图。它常表示两个变性图或坐标图。它常表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说，一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义义。曲线图有。曲线图有横轴横轴和和纵轴纵轴。一般。一般先看先看横轴所代表的数量或时间横轴所代表的数量或时间等，等，然后再看然后再看纵轴所显示的意义纵轴所显示的意义。同。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化最低的变化；第3页/共45页n n柱状柱状(Bar graph)(Bar graph)也称为条形也称为条形图或立柱图，它用来表示几种事图或立柱图，它用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互关系。条形物的变化情况及相互关系。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图条形图主要用来表示：主要用来表示：1)1)同一项同一项目在不同时间的量目在不同时间的量;2)2)同一时间同一时间不同项目的量不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，。阅读条形图时，要先看要先看图例图例，再看，再看横轴、纵横横轴、纵横各各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出的值是多少，最后找出图中各长图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系互关系。第4页/共45页n n饼状饼状(Pie chart)(Pie chart)图，也称图，也称为圆形图或圆面分割图，表示为圆形图或圆面分割图，表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系。相互关系。整个圆整个圆表示表示总量总量，楔形块楔形块表示表示分量分量。有时圆形图。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。分量表示得更准确、清楚。第5页/共45页n n三图一表三图一表-柱状图（柱状图（Bar GraphBar Graph）、）、线形图线形图(Line Graph)(Line Graph)、饼状图、饼状图(Pie(Pie Graph)Graph)、表格、表格(Table)(Table)第6页/共45页考研真题回顾考研真题回顾n n(1997-2012)给提纲的图画或图表作文(writing based on visual information or pictures or graphs)n n（从2010年开始出现英语一和英语二区分）(1991-1996)提纲式作文或主题句作文 (writing based on given outline or opening sentences)第7页/共45页n n2012n n48 write an essay based on the following table.In your writing you shouldn n1)describe the table,andn n2)give your commentsn nYou should write at least 150 words(15points)第8页/共45页第9页/共45页2011试题22008、2009 年国内轿车市场部分【品牌份额示意图】第10页/共45页n n2010年考研英语2第11页/共45页第12页/共45页n n根据以上图表作文来看，一般在图表题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：n n1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;n n2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第13页/共45页n n故，写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式，文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。n n这一结构可以简述为：n n第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想n n第二段：分析产生的原因n n第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议第14页/共45页n n图表类文章写作逻辑结构：图表类文章写作逻辑结构：n nParagraph I:Paragraph I:n n（1 1）描述图表：趋势描写；）描述图表：趋势描写；n n（2 2）描述图表：必要数据支持（细）描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。节性）。Paragraph II:Paragraph II:n n（1 1）提出自己理由和观点；（）提出自己理由和观点；（2 2）细节性分论点（支持自己观点）。细节性分论点（支持自己观点）。n nParagraph III:Paragraph III:n n（1 1）预测未来和提出解决方法；）预测未来和提出解决方法；n n（2 2）总结全文和表达作者自己观点。）总结全文和表达作者自己观点。第15页/共45页n n图表式作文的描述方法：图表式作文的描述方法：n n第一种情况：第一种情况：横向对比横向对比。描述这种。描述这种图表需要对比各数据间的差别，主图表需要对比各数据间的差别，主要以要以数值、倍数、排列等方式来描数值、倍数、排列等方式来描述。述。n n常用句型：常用句型：n nA department has the lowest sales figure in A department has the lowest sales figure in A department has the lowest sales figure in A department has the lowest sales figure in the three departmentsthe three departmentsthe three departmentsthe three departments，followed by the B followed by the B followed by the B followed by the B department and C department.department and C department.department and C department.department and C department.n nThe figure of A is about twice as much as The figure of A is about twice as much as The figure of A is about twice as much as The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.that of B.that of B.that of B.n nThe income from sales is 10 millionThe income from sales is 10 millionThe income from sales is 10 millionThe income from sales is 10 million，making making making making the company the highest one in sales.the company the highest one in sales.the company the highest one in sales.the company the highest one in sales.n nThe AThe AThe AThe A s income reaches 20 millions income reaches 20 millions income reaches 20 millions income reaches 20 million，which is which is which is which is in the middle of the list.in the middle of the list.in the middle of the list.in the middle of the list.第16页/共45页n n第二种情况：第二种情况：纵向说明纵向说明。只要指出。只要指出不同单位之间的比较，描述如何增不同单位之间的比较，描述如何增减，增减幅度如何，反映出什么问减，增减幅度如何，反映出什么问题，就可以了。描述这样的图表时，题，就可以了。描述这样的图表时，可用以下词汇和句型可用以下词汇和句型:n nThe rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June.n nThe trend/increase slowed down in May.n nThe trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January.(开始走强)n nPrices went up by 50%，but the number of smokers maintained.n nIt picked up speed at the end of this year.第17页/共45页n n第三种情况：第三种情况：第三种情况：第三种情况：纵向、横向均有的说明纵向、横向均有的说明纵向、横向均有的说明纵向、横向均有的说明。这。这。这。这种图表不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，种图表不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，种图表不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，种图表不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。n n表示表示百分比常用百分比常用句型：句型：n nIt accounts for 30%of the total population.n nThere are 4 members with masters degrees，making up nearly a quarter of the workforce.n nDoctors make up 40%of the staff in the hospital.第18页/共45页n n表示表示增长率增长率的常用句型：的常用句型：n nThe figure of income increased by about 200%as compared with ten years ago.n nThe number of students has reached 200，indicating a rise of 4%，compared to last year.n n常用词汇及表达法：increase，decrease，rise，fall，slow down，level off，pick up speed，maintain，drop，the trend reverses，decline，gain/lose momentum,a steady/substantial（实质性的）increase，a minor/slight/dramatic drop。第19页/共45页n n其它图表式作文的常用句型：其它图表式作文的常用句型：n nThe curves show_in a certain year.n nIt can be seen that _(sth)fluctuates quite substantially in this year.n nIt just increases slightly.n nThe pie charts show the changes_in some place in 1999n nIt can be seen from the chart that the proportions of A and B are going down,though the falling level of the latter is a lot higher/lower than that of the former.第20页/共45页n nThe expansion is more noticeable during the second half of the 8-year period.n nIt falls from 30%of the staff in 1990 to 20%in 1998 and then the trend reverses，finishing at 34%in 2000.n nAnd A is higher than B except for the months June to September._drops dramatically from about_in January to_in June.n nThe falling trend levels off from_to_，_(sth)goes all the way up to_and then it begins to drop to.第21页/共45页n n2010 sample n n In this chart,we can see the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady and slight increase from 1990 to 2007 and then remain constant in 2008.Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have witnessed a slow increase from 1990 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 20007:the biggest surge happens from 2005 to 2006.第22页/共45页n nThis chart This chart reflectsreflects different developing modes of mobile different developing modes of mobile phone industry in developed and developing countries.phone industry in developed and developing countries.The developed countries have a limited number of The developed countries have a limited number of populations,most of whom are well-educated.populations,most of whom are well-educated.ThereforeTherefore,the spreading of the mobile phone service is efficient and the spreading of the mobile phone service is efficient and soon the market is saturated.soon the market is saturated.AlsAlso at the beginning the o at the beginning the developed countries have more people who can afford developed countries have more people who can afford this service.The developing countries have a large this service.The developing countries have a large population who keeps a large demand for mobile service.population who keeps a large demand for mobile service.As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper,the increasing customers subscribe to benefit cheaper,the increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this service.from this service.第23页/共45页n nAs discussed above,it is not surprising to see this change.In my opinion,this trend that the number of mobile-phone subscriptions is increasingly increasing will continue for a while in the future.第24页/共45页n nSample 1 n n What can be clearly seen from the chart above is the proportion of cars sold in domestic market.In general,the figures reveal that the percentage of China-made autos increased from 25 percent in 2008 to nearly 35 percent in 2009,while Japan-made cars ran in the opposite direction.Notably,the percentage of U.S.-made cars remained at about 15%stably during that period。n n第25页/共45页n n What on earth can be learned from this chart?Studying it further,we may find that simple as it appears,what the illustrator actually aim to convey is by no means simple-home-made autos are becoming increasingly popular among domestic consumers.Indeed,the past couple of years has witnessed an marked rise of the quality of China-made cars.Extensive studies show that cars of foreign brands make up a falling percentage of the market share。第26页/共45页n n It should be observed,of course,that home-made products will enjoy a much higher proportion in both domestic and overseas market.I am confident that so long as the whole society make substantial and sustainable efforts,our country will surely be better。第27页/共45页n nSample 2 n n The chart reflects changes in domestic market share of automobiles of Chinese,Japanese and US brand in 2008 and 2009.As is shown in the chart,the market share of home-made automobile increased from 25%to 33%，almost an increase by 50%.In contrast,the Japanese-made automobile was on the decline from 35%to 25%，a decrease by nearly 50%.Meanwhile,the USmade automobiles remain stable in the market share。第28页/共45页n n Several factors may account forSeveral factors may account for the market share change the market share change of the chart.of the chart.The increase in home-made automobile market The increase in home-made automobile market share is at least closely related to the following three factorsshare is at least closely related to the following three factors.FirstFirst,in 2009,Chinese government is enhancing favorable,in 2009,Chinese government is enhancing favorable policies to improve domestic automobile production.policies to improve domestic automobile production.Meanwhile,we can see that Geely merged with Volvo in Meanwhile,we can see that Geely merged with Volvo in 2009,which contributes to the increase of home-made 2009,which contributes to the increase of home-made automobile market share.automobile market share.Another obvious evidence we can Another obvious evidence we can find is thatfind is that the poor after-service policy of Japanese the poor after-service policy of Japanese automobile toward domestic market,which irritated us automobile toward domestic market,which irritated us Chinese consumers.Chinese consumers.AndAnd the US market policies remain the US market policies remain unchanged in this periodunchanged in this period。第29页/共45页n n In brief,the trend suggests that as long as we are improving our strategy and service,the home-made automobiles will continue to take a lions share of the auto-market.We look forward to that day。第30页/共45页n n1996 Directions:n nA Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words.n nB Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)n nC Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:n n 1.Interpret the following pictures.n n 2.Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.第31页/共45页第32页/共45页n nSample 1 About Tobacco Consumptionn n From the above set of pictures,we can see that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds of tobacco produced in 1994 and 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.Because the amount of tobacco production is falling yearly,it can be predicted that the tendency of tobacco consumption would also be falling yearly.第33页/共45页n n There are many reasons.Firstly,smoking wastes money.Every year there are two hundred billion dollars“burnt”in the cigarette“fire.”Secondly,smoking would hardly do people any good and it can even cause cancer.Every year there are three million people“buried”in the cigarette“tomb”.第34页/共45页n n Although tobacco consumption is falling,there are too many people who smoke.The population in the world is 5.8 billion,but about twenty percent of the population,that is to say 1.1 billion people,smoke.So the situation is serious and the movement against smoking is still a difficult task.第35页/共45页n nSample 2 We meet smokers everywhere:in the streets,on college campuses and in shops.There are 5.8 billion people in the world,and the smokers are about 1.1 billion,which makes up 20 percent of the worlds total population.第36页/共45页n n Smoking is very harmful.I think there are two main aspects to the damage.First,smoking consumes a great deal of money.As is shown in the pictorial graph,smiling wastes 200 billion dollars each year in the world.Second,smoking does harm to the health of smokers,and it is the main cause of lung cancer.About 3 million people die because of the relevant diseases derived from smoking every year.第37页/共45页n n Because more and more people are aware of the great harm of smoking to humans,the amount of tobacco consumption is on the decrease.From the following figures we can clearly see the tendency.The total amount of world tobacco production added up to 14.364 billion pounds in 1994,but it dropped to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.At the same time,many countries call on people to give up smoking.So it is certain that the number of smokers is to decrease.第38页/共45页n n1999 76.Directions:A Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.B Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)C Your essay should cover these three points:n n1.effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlifen n2.possible reason for the effectn n3.your suggestion for wildlife protection第39页/共45页第40页/共45页n n From the two graphs,we can draw a conclusion that the rapid growth of the U.S.population resulted in the sharp decline of the number of species of wildlife.According to the statistics,Americas population of 250 million in 1990 is 250 times that of in 1800.In contrast,about 70 wildlife species vanished from the earth in the past 200 years.In other words,Americas population growth has had undesirable effect on its wildlife and will still pose a formidable threat to its wildlife resources if sufficient care is not given.第41页/共45页n n After a second thought After a second thought,it is reasonable to think thatit is reasonable to think that the growth of human population and the progress of the growth of human population and the progress
