英语学习电信专业英语.pptx

会计学1英语学习电信专业英语英语学习电信专业英语n nTerminology Capacitor Capacitor How Capacitors Work How Capacitors Work InductorInductorBackgrounds第1页/共45页Terminology第2页/共45页Capacitorn nA capacitor(formerly known as condenser)is a passive A capacitor(formerly known as condenser)is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric(insulator).When there is a separated by a dielectric(insulator).When there is a potential difference(voltage)across the conductors a static potential difference(voltage)across the conductors a static electric field develops in the dielectric that stores energy electric field develops in the dielectric that stores energy and produces a mechanical force between the conductors.and produces a mechanical force between the conductors.An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value,capacitance,measured in farads.This is the ratio of value,capacitance,measured in farads.This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them.difference between them.第3页/共45页Capacitorn nCapacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass,in filter networks,for smoothing the output of power pass,in filter networks,for smoothing the output of power supplies,in the resonant circuits that tune radios to supplies,in the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies and for many other purposes.particular frequencies and for many other purposes.第4页/共45页Capacitor in usein usen nreservoir capacitor reservoir capacitor 充电电容器充电电容器n nsmoothing capacitor smoothing capacitor 平滑电容器平滑电容器n nCoupling capacitor Coupling capacitor 耦合电容器耦合电容器n nDecoupling capacitor Decoupling capacitor 去耦电容器去耦电容器第5页/共45页How Capacitors Work n nIn a way,a capacitor is a little like a battery.Although they In a way,a capacitor is a little like a battery.Although they work in completely different ways,capacitors and batteries work in completely different ways,capacitors and batteries both store electrical energy.Inside the battery,chemical both store electrical energy.Inside the battery,chemical reactions produce electrons on one terminal and absorb reactions produce electrons on one terminal and absorb electrons on the other terminal.A capacitor is much electrons on the other terminal.A capacitor is much simpler than a battery,as it cant produce new electrons-it simpler than a battery,as it cant produce new electrons-it only stores them.only stores them.第6页/共45页Inductorn nAn inductor is a passive electrical component that can store An inductor is a passive electrical component that can store energy in a magnetic field created by the electric current energy in a magnetic field created by the electric current passing through it.An inductors ability to store magnetic passing through it.An inductors ability to store magnetic energy is measured by its inductance,in units of henries.energy is measured by its inductance,in units of henries.第7页/共45页Inductorn nTypically an inductor is a conducting wire shaped as a coil,Typically an inductor is a conducting wire shaped as a coil,the loops helping to create a strong magnetic field inside the the loops helping to create a strong magnetic field inside the coil due to Amperes Law.Due to the time-varying magnetic coil due to Amperes Law.Due to the time-varying magnetic field inside the coil,a voltage is induced,according to field inside the coil,a voltage is induced,according to Faradays law of electromagnetic induction,which by Lenzs Faradays law of electromagnetic induction,which by Lenzs Law opposes the change in current that created it.Law opposes the change in current that created it.第8页/共45页Inductorn nInductors are one of the basic electronic components used in Inductors are one of the basic electronic components used in electronics where current and voltage change with time,due electronics where current and voltage change with time,due to the ability of inductors to delay and reshape alternating to the ability of inductors to delay and reshape alternating currents.In everyday speak inductors are sometimes called currents.In everyday speak inductors are sometimes called chokes,but this refers to only a particular type and purpose chokes,but this refers to only a particular type and purpose of inductor.of inductor.第9页/共45页n nOutline Text tour第10页/共45页n nVocabulary Potential,Parallel Potential,Paralleln nStructuren nReading/writing techniques Characteristics of Specialized English Characteristics of Specialized EnglishLanguage in use第11页/共45页Vocabulary第12页/共45页Potential in dictionaryin dictionaryn nadj.adj.n npossible but not yet actual.capable of being or becoming but possible but not yet actual.capable of being or becoming but not yet in existence;latent not yet in existence;latent n n潜在的，有可能的潜在的，有可能的n nn.n.潜力，可能性潜力，可能性第13页/共45页Potential in dictionaryin dictionaryn nn.n.n nthe difference in electrical charge between two points in a the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts circuit expressed in volts n n电势，电位电势，电位第14页/共45页Potential in textin textn nAt the same time,the electrons will leave the plate connected At the same time,the electrons will leave the plate connected to the positive terminal and flow into the battery to make the to the positive terminal and flow into the battery to make the potential difference just the same as that of the battery.potential difference just the same as that of the battery.n n同时与电源正极相接的极板上的电子将离开极板注入电同时与电源正极相接的极板上的电子将离开极板注入电池正极，使两极板上的电位差刚好等于电池上电位差。池正极，使两极板上的电位差刚好等于电池上电位差。第15页/共45页Potential in usein usen nanomalous potential anomalous potential 异常电位异常电位n nsolvable potential solvable potential 可解势可解势n ndevelopmental potential developmental potential 发展潜力发展潜力n nsingular potential singular potential 奇异位势奇异位势n npotential waveform potential waveform 电位波形电位波形n npotential displacement potential displacement 电位移电位移第16页/共45页Parallel in dictionaryin dictionaryn nNounNounn nsomething having the property of being analogous to something having the property of being analogous to something else something else n n类似，相似之处类似，相似之处n nan imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator n n平行的，并行的平行的，并行的第17页/共45页Parallel in dictionaryin dictionaryn nAdjectiveAdjectiven nbeing everywhere equidistant and not intersecting;being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting;n n平行的，不相交的平行的，不相交的n nparallel lines never converge.parallel lines never converge.第18页/共45页Parallel in textin textn nCapacitance is typified by a parallel plate arrangement and is Capacitance is typified by a parallel plate arrangement and is defined in terms of charge storagedefined in terms of charge storage。n n电容用一组平行板表示，它是根据储存的电荷来定义的。电容用一组平行板表示，它是根据储存的电荷来定义的。第19页/共45页Parallel in usein usen nResistors in parallel/in seriesResistors in parallel/in seriesn n并联并联 /串联电阻串联电阻n nparallel computer parallel computer n n并行计算机并行计算机n nBit-parallel/serial Bit-parallel/serial 位并行位并行/串行串行n nBe parallel to Be parallel to 与与平行的平行的第20页/共45页Magnitude in in dictionarydictionaryn nthe property of relative size or extent the property of relative size or extent n n大小，幅度大小，幅度n na number assigned to the ratio of two quantities;a number assigned to the ratio of two quantities;n n数量级数量级n nTwo quantities are of the same Two quantities are of the same order of magnitudeorder of magnitude if one is if one is less than 10 times as large as the other;less than 10 times as large as the other;第21页/共45页Magnitude in in texttextn nWhere Q is magnitude of charge stored on each plate,V is Where Q is magnitude of charge stored on each plate,V is voltage applied to the plates.voltage applied to the plates.n n式中，式中，Q Q是每个极板存储电荷的大小，是每个极板存储电荷的大小，V V是极板间的电压。是极板间的电压。第22页/共45页n nIC Integrated Circuit IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路集成电路n nDRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory 动态随机存取存储器动态随机存取存储器n nPeripheral Peripheral 外围的，外围设备外围的，外围设备n nTransistor Transistor 晶体管晶体管第23页/共45页Structure第24页/共45页n n1 Electrical energy can be stored in an electric field.The 1 Electrical energy can be stored in an electric field.The device capable of doing this is called a device capable of doing this is called a capacitorcapacitor or a or a condensercondenser.电能可以储存在电场中。这种具有储存电能的器件称之为电容器。第25页/共45页n n2 A simple capacitor consists of two conducting plates 2 A simple capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material called the dielectric.If a separated by an insulating material called the dielectric.If a capacitor is connected to a battery,the electrons will flow out capacitor is connected to a battery,the electrons will flow out of the negative terminal of the battery and accumulate on the of the negative terminal of the battery and accumulate on the capacitor plate connected to that side.capacitor plate connected to that side.一个简单的电容器是两块极板，中间隔有绝缘介质（电介质）而组成的。如果电容器连接到电池上，电子将从电池的负极流出，聚积在与负极相连的极板上。第26页/共45页n nAt the same time,the electrons will leave the plate connected At the same time,the electrons will leave the plate connected to the positive terminal and flow into the battery to make the to the positive terminal and flow into the battery to make the potential difference just the same as that of the battery.Thus potential difference just the same as that of the battery.Thus the capacitor is said to be charged.A battery will transport the capacitor is said to be charged.A battery will transport charge from one plate to the other until the voltage produced charge from one plate to the other until the voltage produced by the charge buildup is equal to the battery voltage.by the charge buildup is equal to the battery voltage.同时与电源正极相接的极板上的电子将离开极板注入电池正极，使两极板上的电位差刚好等于电池上电位差。这样，我们就说电容充上了电。电池将电荷从一个极板传送到另一极板，直至电荷集聚所产生的电压等于电池的电压。第27页/共45页n n3 The ability of a capacitor storing electrical energy is 3 The ability of a capacitor storing electrical energy is called capacitance.The standard unit of capacitance is the called capacitance.The standard unit of capacitance is the farad,abbreviated F.However,this is a large unit;more farad,abbreviated F.However,this is a large unit;more common units are the microfarad,abbreviated uF and the common units are the microfarad,abbreviated uF and the picofarad,abbreviated pF.picofarad,abbreviated pF.电容器储存电容的能力叫电容。电容的标准单位用法拉，F。但是，这个单位太大了，通常使用微法uF和皮法pF。第28页/共45页n n4 Capacitance is typified by a parallel plate arrangement 4 Capacitance is typified by a parallel plate arrangement and is defined in terms of charge storage:C=Q/Vand is defined in terms of charge storage:C=Q/Vn nWhere Q is magnitude of charge stored on each plate,V is Where Q is magnitude of charge stored on each plate,V is voltage applied to the plates.voltage applied to the plates.电容用一组平行板表示，它是根据储存的电荷来定义的。：C=Q/V。式中，Q是每个极板存储电荷的大小，V是极板间的电压。第29页/共45页n n5 Capacitors can be fabricated onto integrated circuit(IC)5 Capacitors can be fabricated onto integrated circuit(IC)chips.They are commonly used in conjunction with chips.They are commonly used in conjunction with transistors in Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM).transistors in Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM).The capacitors help maintain the contents of memory.The capacitors help maintain the contents of memory.集成电路中就应用了电容器。通常在动态随机存储器中，将电容器与晶体管连接在一起。电容器帮助存储内容的保存。第30页/共45页n n6 Large capacitors are used in the power supplies of 6 Large capacitors are used in the power supplies of electronic equipment of all types,including computers and electronic equipment of all types,including computers and their peripherals.In these systems,the capacitors smooth out their peripherals.In these systems,the capacitors smooth out the rectified utility of AC,providing pure,battery-like DC.the rectified utility of AC,providing pure,battery-like DC.所有型号的电子设备，包括计算机及其外围设备的电源的供给，使用了大电容器。在这些系统中，电容器能够调整交流电的使用，使其能够像产生像电池一样的直流电。第31页/共45页Reading/writing techniques常用英汉互译技巧常用英汉互译技巧(一一)第32页/共45页一、增译法一、增译法一、增译法一、增译法n n根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。1 1、汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在、汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或态或“There be”There be”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。主语，使句子完整。2 2、英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用、英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。第33页/共45页一、增译法一、增译法一、增译法一、增译法 3 3、英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉、英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。4 4、在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注、在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。第34页/共45页一、增译法一、增译法一、增译法一、增译法n nIndeed,the reverse is true.Indeed,the reverse is true.n n实际实际情况情况恰好相反。恰好相反。（增译名词）（增译名词）n n这是这两代计算机之间的又一个共同点。这是这两代计算机之间的又一个共同点。n nThis is yet another common point This is yet another common point betweenbetween the computers of the two generations.the computers of the two generations.（增译介词）（增译介词）第35页/共45页一、增译法一、增译法一、增译法一、增译法n nIndividual mathematicians often have their own way of Individual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expressions and in many cases there is pronouncing mathematical expressions and in many cases there is no generally accepted“correct”pronunciation.no generally accepted“correct”pronunciation.n n每个数学家对数学公式常常有各自的读法，在许多情况下，每个数学家对数学公式常常有各自的读法，在许多情况下，并不存在一个并不存在一个普遍接受的所谓普遍接受的所谓“正确正确”读法。读法。(增加隐含意义增加隐含意义增加隐含意义增加隐含意义的词的词的词的词)n n只有在可能发生混淆、或要强调其观点时，数学家才使用较只有在可能发生混淆、或要强调其观点时，数学家才使用较长的读法。长的读法。n nIt is only when confusion may occur,or where he/she wishes to It is only when confusion may occur,or where he/she wishes to emphasis the point,that the mathematician will use the longer emphasis the point,that the mathematician will use the longer forms.forms.(增加主语增加主语增加主语增加主语)第36页/共45页二、省译法二、省译法二、省译法二、省译法n n这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：n nYou will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.n n你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）（省译物主代词）（省译物主代词）（省译物主代词）n nI hope you will enjoy your stay here.I hope you will enjoy your stay here.n n希望您在这儿过得愉快。希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译主语）（省译主语）（省译主语）（省译主语）n n 第37页/共45页二、省译法二、省译法二、省译法二、省译法n n中国政府历来重视环境保护中国政府历来重视环境保护工作工作。n nThe Chinese government has always attached great The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.importanc