新闻英语语法特点与翻译分析解析.pptx

会计学1新闻英语语法特点与翻译分析解析新闻英语语法特点与翻译分析解析1 1、被动语态使用频率较高、被动语态使用频率较高、被动语态使用频率较高、被动语态使用频率较高n n新闻报道最主要的作用是向大众报道最新的新闻报道最主要的作用是向大众报道最新的,有有重大意义的事件和信息。因此重大意义的事件和信息。因此,报道中强调的重报道中强调的重点就是新闻的精髓所在。也就是我们常说的五点就是新闻的精髓所在。也就是我们常说的五个个WW和一个和一个H(WHAT,WHO,WHERE,WHEN,H(WHAT,WHO,WHERE,WHEN,WHY,HOW)WHY,HOW)。为了能突出重点。为了能突出重点,新闻报道中常用新闻报道中常用被动语态强调行动或事件的结果被动语态强调行动或事件的结果,这特别适用于这特别适用于对天灾人祸的报道对天灾人祸的报道(如地震如地震,特大洪灾特大洪灾,严重交通严重交通事故等事故等)以及有关犯罪谋杀的新闻。比如以及有关犯罪谋杀的新闻。比如:第1页/共26页n nNine people Nine people were killedwere killed and seven and seven injured injured in an oil tank in an oil tank explosion on Tuesday night in Jiangsu Provinceexplosion on Tuesday night in Jiangsu Province (China Daily)(China Daily)n n(周二夜间江苏省境内发生油车爆炸事件周二夜间江苏省境内发生油车爆炸事件,造成造成9 9人死亡人死亡,7 7人受伤。人受伤。)n nRussian officials have said 10 federal troops have been killed Russian officials have said 10 federal troops have been killed so far and a further 27 injured.(China Daily)so far and a further 27 injured.(China Daily)n n(俄官员声称到目前为止俄官员声称到目前为止,共有共有1010名联邦军人被杀名联邦军人被杀,另有另有2727人受伤。人受伤。)n n使用被动态可使读者对受害者的伤亡情况一目了然。使用被动态可使读者对受害者的伤亡情况一目了然。第2页/共26页n nAbout 300 people About 300 people have been killedhave been killed with 8,000 with 8,000 injured and more others injured and more others buriedburied under the toppled under the toppled houses after a 7.1-magnitude earthquake hit houses after a 7.1-magnitude earthquake hit northwest Chinas Qinghai Province early on northwest Chinas Qinghai Province early on Wednesday,officials said.Wednesday,officials said.第3页/共26页n n简明是新闻报道的最基本要求。在新闻标题中，被简明是新闻报道的最基本要求。在新闻标题中，被动语态的动词动语态的动词bebe还常常被省略还常常被省略,且只需讲述受动者且只需讲述受动者的行为。因此的行为。因此,同一句话用被动语态表达要比用主同一句话用被动语态表达要比用主动语态来得精炼、简单、客观、生动。比如动语态来得精炼、简单、客观、生动。比如:n nPassport procedures simplified.(China Daily)Passport procedures simplified.(China Daily)n n(护照办理程序简化。护照办理程序简化。)第4页/共26页n nMore Training for Foreign Students More Training for Foreign Students n nBy JULIA PRESTON By JULIA PRESTON n n Immigration Immigration officials officials said said they they were were extending extending the the duration duration of of on-the-job on-the-job training training for for immigrant immigrant students students who who are are recent recent graduates graduates with with advanced advanced degrees degrees in in science,science,technology technology and and engineering.engineering.The The training training period period will will be be extendedextended to to 29 29 months months from from 12 12 months months for for immigrants immigrants on on student student visas visas employedemployed in in jobs jobs related related to to their their field field of of study.study.Training Training will will also also be be automaticallyautomatically extendedextended for for students students who who are are waiting waiting to to shift shift to to temporary temporary work work visas visas knownknown as as H-1B.H-1B.The The measure,measure,which which officials officials said said would would benefit benefit about about 25,000 25,000 students,students,is is designeddesigned to to close close visa visa gaps gaps that that had had forced forced some some highly highly skilled skilled graduates graduates to to leave the country.leave the country.n n New York TimesNew York Times第5页/共26页2 2、双重属性词汇大量作为动词使用。、双重属性词汇大量作为动词使用。、双重属性词汇大量作为动词使用。、双重属性词汇大量作为动词使用。n n 既可作为名词又可作为动词使用的双重属性词既可作为名词又可作为动词使用的双重属性词汇大量作为动词使用汇大量作为动词使用 (如如“voicevoice”,“targettarget”,“briefbrief”等词等词)，从而使新闻英语生动简明，这是，从而使新闻英语生动简明，这是新闻英语的基本特征。新闻英语的基本特征。n nThe Bush administration had no objection to a trip The Bush administration had no objection to a trip to China by former president Bill Clinton who was to China by former president Bill Clinton who was briefedbriefed by senior officials.by senior officials.n n(据高级官员透露据高级官员透露,前总统比尔前总统比尔 克林顿将出访中克林顿将出访中国国,布什政府对此未予以反对。布什政府对此未予以反对。)第6页/共26页出现在新闻报道标题中出现在新闻报道标题中出现在新闻报道标题中出现在新闻报道标题中,使之简明、清晰、生动。使之简明、清晰、生动。使之简明、清晰、生动。使之简明、清晰、生动。n n例如例如:Center targets kidsCenter targets kids illness.(China Daily)illness.(China Daily)n n(中心致力于儿童疾病的研究。中心致力于儿童疾病的研究。)n n对比对比:n nCo-operativesCo-operatives profit profit farmers more.farmers more.n n(合作经营更有益于农民。合作经营更有益于农民。)n nCo-operativesCo-operatives bring bring more more profits toprofits to farmers farmers第7页/共26页 3.3.单句多于复合句，多采用扩展的简单句，句子结构比较松单句多于复合句，多采用扩展的简单句，句子结构比较松单句多于复合句，多采用扩展的简单句，句子结构比较松单句多于复合句，多采用扩展的简单句，句子结构比较松散。散。散。散。n n新闻英语中通常使用广泛的是结构简单的句子。新闻英语中通常使用广泛的是结构简单的句子。为求简明为求简明,常常一个句子就是一个段落常常一个句子就是一个段落,而要把众而要把众多的信息包含在里面多的信息包含在里面,在确保句式不复杂的情况在确保句式不复杂的情况下下,作者只有大量使用或增加修饰限定词的数量作者只有大量使用或增加修饰限定词的数量,其方法就是使用定语其方法就是使用定语,状语状语,同位语等补加成分。同位语等补加成分。第8页/共26页n nRescuers are searching for two others who are Rescuers are searching for two others who are believed still trapped underground at Wangjialing believed still trapped underground at Wangjialing Coal Mine,which straddles Xiangning County,of Coal Mine,which straddles Xiangning County,of Linfen City,and Hejin City,of Yuncheng City,Linfen City,and Hejin City,of Yuncheng City,according to the rescue headquarters.according to the rescue headquarters.n nAltogether 261 miners were working in the shaft Altogether 261 miners were working in the shaft of the coal mine,which is under construction,of the coal mine,which is under construction,when the flooding happened at about 1:40 p.m.when the flooding happened at about 1:40 p.m.March 28,and only 108 were lifted unharmed to March 28,and only 108 were lifted unharmed to the surface.the surface.第9页/共26页n nWARSAW A plane carrying the Polish president and dozens of the countrys top political and military leaders to the site of a Soviet massacre of Polish officers in World War II crashed in western Russia on Saturday,killing everyone on board.第10页/共26页n nThe strong odorThe strong odor,described by many people as described by many people as similar to natural gas,similar to natural gas,resulted inresulted in the evacuation of the evacuation of some buildings and affected some subway and train some buildings and affected some subway and train lines.(Washington Post)lines.(Washington Post)n n(这被许多人形容很像瓦斯味的腔壁气味这被许多人形容很像瓦斯味的腔壁气味,不仅造不仅造成了一些大楼人员的疏散成了一些大楼人员的疏散,也影响了部分地铁和也影响了部分地铁和火车的营运。火车的营运。)n nMore examples see page 30-31More examples see page 30-31第11页/共26页n n简单句的使用有助于清楚地表述事情的发展简单句的使用有助于清楚地表述事情的发展,方便读者阅读和理解方便读者阅读和理解,也易于作者也易于作者写作。作者常须赶在截稿时间前仓促定稿写作。作者常须赶在截稿时间前仓促定稿,往往想到什么事实或背景材料来不往往想到什么事实或背景材料来不及改动就随即增添或补插进去。所以句子结构显得松散及改动就随即增添或补插进去。所以句子结构显得松散,使看似简单的句子变使看似简单的句子变得复杂得复杂,也给翻译造成了困难。为了适应汉语读者的阅读习惯也给翻译造成了困难。为了适应汉语读者的阅读习惯,充分发挥汉语精充分发挥汉语精炼的优势炼的优势,翻译时翻译时,可以将冗长的扩展简单句拆开来可以将冗长的扩展简单句拆开来,分成几句话表述。分成几句话表述。第12页/共26页4.4.在新闻英语中常用直接引语和间接引语在新闻英语中常用直接引语和间接引语在新闻英语中常用直接引语和间接引语在新闻英语中常用直接引语和间接引语n n直接引语放在前面,提供消息内容的消息来源放在后面,这是新闻英语的一个习惯表达方式。在新闻英语中,这种安排是很常见的,也表现出了新闻的特点,就是让读者最早读到最重要的新闻内容。第13页/共26页n n1)1)“We take each and every death very seriously and are We take each and every death very seriously and are committed and sworn to investigating each case with the committed and sworn to investigating each case with the utmost professionalism and thoroughness,utmost professionalism and thoroughness,”said Chris Grey,said Chris Grey,spokesman for the Criminal Investigation Command.spokesman for the Criminal Investigation Command.n n2)The Chinese government and its people will not sit by if 2)The Chinese government and its people will not sit by if Chen Shuibian forges ahead with his pro-independence Chen Shuibian forges ahead with his pro-independence timetable to change the status of Taiwan as part of China,timetable to change the status of Taiwan as part of China,“Li weiyi(spokesman of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Li weiyi(spokesman of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council)said.State Council)said.第14页/共26页n nIn a statement,Lawrence.H.Summers,Harvards In a statement,Lawrence.H.Summers,Harvards current president,indicated that he would act on the current president,indicated that he would act on the report in January.He called it a report in January.He called it a“very constructive very constructive document that outlines a promising direction.document that outlines a promising direction.”(The (The New York Times)New York Times)n n(现任哈佛大学校长劳伦斯现任哈佛大学校长劳伦斯 H.H.萨默斯在一份声明萨默斯在一份声明中指出中指出,他将于周一对报告做出决定。他称这份他将于周一对报告做出决定。他称这份报告为非常有建设性的文件报告为非常有建设性的文件,它指明了一个充满它指明了一个充满希望的方向。希望的方向。”)第15页/共26页有时也用间接引语有时也用间接引语有时也用间接引语有时也用间接引语,例如例如例如例如:He also said the mainland has the greatest sincerity and He also said the mainland has the greatest sincerity and will exert utmost effort to achieve peaceful reunificationwill exert utmost effort to achieve peaceful reunificationn n宾语从句中引导词的省略新闻常常都要说明消息来宾语从句中引导词的省略新闻常常都要说明消息来源源,也就是要说明信息或消息的出处。从语法上讲也就是要说明信息或消息的出处。从语法上讲,在在新闻英语中新闻英语中,主句常常是信息或消息的来源或出处主句常常是信息或消息的来源或出处,而而它后面的宾语从句则是信息或消息的内容。但是它后面的宾语从句则是信息或消息的内容。但是,在在英语新闻的报道中英语新闻的报道中,引导宾语从句的引导宾语从句的thatthat常常省略常常省略,这是这是一个常见的现象。一个常见的现象。第16页/共26页n n1)Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jiantao said1)Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jiantao said(.)(.)the the visit is visit is“an unfavorable incidentan unfavorable incident“for China-Japan for China-Japan ties.He saidties.He said(.)(.)a sound Sino-Japanese relationship a sound Sino-Japanese relationship also hinges on Japans proper handling of issues of also hinges on Japans proper handling of issues of vital interest of China.vital interest of China.n n2)Organizers said(.)it might take at least 80 million 2)Organizers said(.)it might take at least 80 million Taiwan dollars to mobilize people in Taipei to Taiwan dollars to mobilize people in Taipei to protest against the Anti-Secession Law adopted by protest against the Anti-Secession Law adopted by the National Peoples Congress.the National Peoples Congress.第17页/共26页5.5.根据内容灵活运用时态根据内容灵活运用时态根据内容灵活运用时态根据内容灵活运用时态n n新闻报道的绝大多数是刚刚发生或正在发生的事情新闻报道的绝大多数是刚刚发生或正在发生的事情,因此记者常使因此记者常使用一般现在时态和现在完成时态用一般现在时态和现在完成时态,以示以示“新新”和和“快快”;为了把消息为了把消息绘声绘色地传达给听众绘声绘色地传达给听众,进行时态使用的也比较普遍。进行时态使用的也比较普遍。n n如新闻标题：如新闻标题：n nPolish President Dies in Jet Crash in Russia 第18页/共26页有时并不严格遵守时态的一致有时并不严格遵守时态的一致有时并不严格遵守时态的一致有时并不严格遵守时态的一致。n n在一般文体中在一般文体中,按照语法规则按照语法规则,宾语从句中谓语动词的宾语从句中谓语动词的时态时态,要受制于主句中的时态要受制于主句中的时态,我们把这称之为时态的我们把这称之为时态的一致或呼应一致或呼应(sequence of tenses)(sequence of tenses)。n n新闻英语一般也遵循这种时态的变化规则。然而新闻英语一般也遵循这种时态的变化规则。然而,我我们在阅读报纸时们在阅读报纸时,会发现新闻英语中的时态有时并不会发现新闻英语中的时态有时并不拘泥于这种语法规则拘泥于这种语法规则,而是按照实际情况而是按照实际情况,按新闻事实按新闻事实发生的时间变化与顺序发生的时间变化与顺序,酌情灵活地运用时态。酌情灵活地运用时态。第19页/共26页n nTheir only worry in Group C Their only worry in Group C waswas Turkey,who Turkey,who they they have playedhave played just once in their history in just once in their history in 1956.(China Daily)1956.(China Daily)n n这段新闻是说在这段新闻是说在C C组中他们唯一担心的是土耳其足球组中他们唯一担心的是土耳其足球队队,用过去时态用过去时态“waswas”,而说过去他们只交锋过一次而说过去他们只交锋过一次,用的是用的是“have playedhave played”,而没有用符合传统语法规则的而没有用符合传统语法规则的“had playedhad played”,更加突出了与现时的关联更加突出了与现时的关联,时态的运用时态的运用在此显得非常的灵活。在此显得非常的灵活。第20页/共26页n n新闻报道的正文中新闻报道的正文中,我们常可发现我们常可发现said,told,said,told,added,reportedadded,reported等动词等动词,但后面所接的但后面所接的thatthat从句中从句中的时态可以与这些动词的时态不一致。的时态可以与这些动词的时态不一致。n n例如例如:n nIn Washington the State Department said thatIn Washington the State Department said thatn narms requested by Yeman are still being sent to the arms requested by Yeman are still being sent to the country.country.n n(在华盛顿，美国国务院说在华盛顿，美国国务院说,也门所需要的武器也门所需要的武器仍在运往该国。仍在运往该国。)第21页/共26页n nNon-discriminatory treatment in world trade Non-discriminatory treatment in world trade will will createcreate more motivation for Chinese entrepreneurs more motivation for Chinese entrepreneurs to actively participate in international co-operation to actively participate in international co-operation in the competitive European arena,which,he in the competitive European arena,which,he saidsaid,will encouragewill encourage all China all China s trade partners,including s trade partners,including the EUthe EU.第22页/共26页6.6.定语前置定语前置定语前置定语前置n n新闻英语中为使句式简练新闻英语中为使句式简练,常采用带连字符的复合短语常采用带连字符的复合短语做前置定语来代替定语从句做前置定语来代替定语从句,从而使句子化长为短从而使句子化长为短,既节既节省了篇幅省了篇幅,又能帮助读者加快阅读速度。又能帮助读者加快阅读速度。n nmulti-drug-resistant virus(multi-drug-resistant virus(抗多种药性病毒抗多种药性病毒)n nwar-weary citizens(war-weary citizens(厌倦战争的公民厌倦战争的公民)n non-site-service(on-site-service(现场服务现场服务)n nthe up-to-the-minute information(the up-to-the-minute information(最新信息最新信息)n nmost-favored-nation treatment(most-favored-nation treatment(最惠国待遇最惠国待遇)n nearth-circling flight(earth-circling flight(环球飞行环球飞行)n npeace-keeping force(peace-keeping force(维和部队维和部队)第23页/共26页n n从构成方式分析从构成方式分析,这类前置定语常见的主要有以下几种这类前置定语常见的主要有以下几种:n n1)1)名词名词+-ing+-ing分词分词:share-holding:share-holding股票持有股票持有 law-abiding citizens law-abiding citizens 遵法守纪的公民遵法守纪的公民n n2)2)名词名词+形容词形容词:oil-resistant material:oil-resistant material防油材料防油材料 labor-intensive technologylabor-intensive technology劳动密集型技术劳动密集型技术n n3)3)名词名词+名词名词:affluence society:affluence society富裕社会富裕社会riot policeriot police防暴警察防暴警察n n4)4)名词名词+-ed+-ed分词分词:world-renowned:world-renowned世界文明的世界文明的 state-owned enterprisesstate-owned enterprises国有企业国有企业n n5)5)形容词形容词+-ed+-ed分词分词:quick-frozen food:quick-frozen food速冻食品速冻食品 far-fetched reasonsfar-fetched reasons牵强的理由牵强的理由第24页/共26页n n6)6)副词副词+-ed+-ed分词分词:just-concluded session:just-concluded session 刚刚闭幕的会议刚刚闭幕的会议 universally-acknowleged truth universally-acknowleged truth 举世公认的真理举世公认的真理n n7)7)形容词形容词+名词名词:top-level talk :top-level talk 最高级会谈最高级会谈 long-term cooperation long-term cooperation 长期合作长期合作n n8)8)数词数词+名词：名词：five-year planfive-year plan五年计划五年计划 two-way tradetwo-way trade双边贸易双边贸易n n9)9)其它合成词组其它合成词组:non-nuclear-weapon states:non-nuclear-weapon states 非武器拥有国家非武器拥有国家 mother-to-baby transmissionmother-to-baby transmission 母婴传染母婴传染第25页/共26页