初中英语句型转换技巧.ppt

Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo节节高高教教育在育在线句型句型转换与与翻翻译技巧技巧20122012年年1212月月1Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo句型句型转换转换 “句型句型转换”题主要有主要有两两大大类：一是基本句式的：一是基本句式的转换；二是同；二是同义句的句的转换。基本句式的基本句式的转换一、基本句式的一、基本句式的转换主要是指主要是指“肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句、祈使句、感叹句”的的转换。1.1.肯定句、否定句和一般疑肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的句的转换（1 1）含有）含有bebe动词（am,is,are,was,were)am,is,are,was,were)、助、助动词(do,does,did)(do,does,did)和情和情态动词(can,could,should,will,would,may,might)(can,could,should,will,would,may,might)的句子；的句子；肯定句改肯定句改为否定句：直接在否定句：直接在bebe动词、助、助动词、情、情态动词后面加后面加notnot肯定句改肯定句改为一般疑一般疑问句句时，一律，一律将将bebe动词、助、助动词和情和情态动前移到句首（首字母大前移到句首（首字母大写写）肯定回答用肯定回答用“Yes”Yes”；否定回答用；否定回答用“No”No”。“Yes”Yes”或或“No”No”后面的主后面的主语必必须用代用代词，“No”No”后面后面必必须用否定用否定缩略式。略式。（2 2）只有行）只有行为动词的句子。的句子。2Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo牛刀小牛刀小试l改改为否定句：否定句：l There are some pay phones on that street.There are some pay phones on that street.lTony will travel around the world.Tony will travel around the world.lHe can cook Chinese food.He can cook Chinese food.l改改为一般疑一般疑问句，句，并并作肯定、否定回答作肯定、否定回答l There is a hotel next to my school.There is a hotel next to my school.l Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.lWe are cleaning the room now.We are cleaning the room now.3Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo句型句型转换（2）只含有行为动词的句子必须借助助动词do；does；did改为否定句时，直接在行为动词后面加dont（一般现在时态，主语是除第三人称单数之外的人称和数时），doesnt(一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数时），didnt（一般过去时态）改为一般疑问句时，在句首加Do,Does或Did。肯定回答用“Yes”，后面动词用do；does或did”；否定回答用“No”，后面动词用dont；doesnt；didnt。4Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo牛刀小牛刀小试l改为否定句l Mary often plays sports after dinner.lAlice attends the lecture once a week.lMike drew a picture on the blackboard.l改为一般疑问句lThe children like playing games lMary usually goes to school on foot.lTom went to London yesterday5Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo句型句型转换2.特俗疑问句的转换把句子转换为特殊疑问句，首先要确定划线部分的“疑问词”，人、物、时间、地点、原因、数量等分别用：who；whom；whose；what；when；where；why；how；how many；how much；how often；how old；how long等。将相对应的疑问词放在句首，其余部分改为一般疑问句的形式，就是特殊疑问句。改完后要注意检查句首的首字母大写和句尾的标点符号。6Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo练习l对划线部分提问lThe teachers had a meeting yesterday.lThe postage is three Yuan and six Jiao.lThey helped the old lady clean her house once a week.lIts going to be cloudy tomorrow.lThe students are planting trees on the hills now.7Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo句型句型转换3.选择疑问句和反意疑问句的转换改为选择疑问句时，只需注意根据句子的内容用“or”连接两个并列的成分就可以了。反意疑问句的结构是“陈述句简短问句”，我们必须记住：“前面肯定；后面否定”和“前面否定；后面肯定”的规律和简短问句的主语必须用代词的要求。Tom likes playing football，doesnt he？Xiao Hong didnt like singing，did she？注意：祈使句的反意疑问句，一般都用will you？以Lets开头的一般用shall we？8Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo练习l完成下列反意疑问句lIm late,_ _?lTheres something wrong,_ _?lThere is nothing wrong,_ _?lSomeone went there,_ _?lYou will have an interesting life.(用a dull life改为选择疑问句)l _ you have an interesting life _ a dull life?lLucy is a studentLily is a doctor（改为选择疑问句）9Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo句型句型4.祈使句和感叹句的转换 l 改为祈使句，必须记住：肯定的祈使句，是原形动词开头，否定的祈使句是“Dont”开头，后跟原形动词。（主语是I或we时，句子开头用let me或lets）如：l1You should remember his telephone number改为：Remember his telephone number，pleasel改为感叹句，必须记住，强调的是名词，句首用What，What后的名词前可以有形容词；强调的是形容词或副词，句首用 How，后面必须紧跟形容词或副词，如：lThe park is beautiful改为：What a beautiful park！l或：How beautiful the park is！10Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo练习改为祈使句You should do homework.Can you close the window.You couldnt use my dictionary.改为感叹句(分别用what和how)The weather is fineThe flower is so sweetThe student is very hard-working.11Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo句型句型转换l同义句转换1.简单句之间的转换技巧：逐个翻译后，与原句进行对照，看缺少了哪个词或哪部分意思，然后再用与其意思相近的词、词组或句型去替换。（因此，在（因此，在学学习中要掌中要掌握握尽尽可能多的同可能多的同义词，平，平时多注意）例如：多注意）例如：lThey will get to London in four days.They will reach London in four days.lThe runner couldnt catch up with the others in the race.The runner couldnt catch up with the others in the race.The runner The runner fell behind fell behind the others in the race.the others in the race.lThe snow was heavy last night The snow was heavy last night It It snowed heavily snowed heavily last night.last night.l.12Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo句型句型转换2.2.二合一二合一并并成成简单句句就是把两个并列句中成份相同的部分用连词合并起来，常见的连词有neither nor,either or,both and,not only but also,enough to,tooto，so.that,as soon as 其中红色字体的部分通常遵循就近原则，即谓语需根据后面的那个主语保持一致。如：He hasnt been to France.She hasnt been to France,either.Neither he nor she has been to France.Mrs Smith is my teacher.She is also my good friend.Mrs Smith is not only my teacher but also my good friend 13Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo句型句型转换3.简单句与复合句的互换(1)用不定式、介词短语、名词短语、分词性短语替换；（2）将宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”；（3）将so that(such that )引导的状语从句简化为含有too to (或enough to)的简单句；（4）if 引导的状语从句简化为“祈使句，and(or)+句子”。例如：I hope that I can see you soon.I hope to see you again Please tell me where we show our tickets.Please tell me our tickets.If you dont hurry up,youll miss the early bus ,you wont the early bus.(两种方法）.14Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo句型句型转换4.语态之间的转换语态之间的转换主要用于主动语态和被动语态之间的变化。例如：Your classroom must be cleaned every day.You your classroom every day.2We can store a lot of information in the computer.(改为被动语态)A lot of information _ _ stored in the computer15Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo阶段段练习 1This is the most boring journey that I have ever heard of.I have _ heard of _ a boring journey before.2My father seems to be very angry._ seems that my father _ very angry.3The man made his baby laugh.The baby was _ _ laugh.4The captain is the happiest of all the players.The captain is _ _ any other player.16Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo阶段段练习5Taking exercise often can make you healthy.Its good _ your _to take exercise often.6Hurry up,and youll be on time for the party._ you _ hurry,youll be late for the party.7It is five years since he left his hometown.He has _ _ from his hometown for five years.8 8That lady is my new English teacher.She is wearing red That lady is my new English teacher.She is wearing red clothes.clothes.The lady _ _ is my new English teacher.The lady _ _ is my new English teacher.17Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo阶段段练习9 9I spent four hundred yuan in buying that recorder.I spent four hundred yuan in buying that recorder.That recorder _ _ four hundred yuan.That recorder _ _ four hundred yuan.1010There are more people in America than in England.There are more people in America than in England.The _ in America is _than _ in England.The _ in America is _than _ in England.11.He cant decide where he should stay for the night.11.He cant decide where he should stay for the night.He cant decide _ _ _ for the night.He cant decide _ _ _ for the night.1212The film began at 2:00 p.m.and ended at 4:30 p.m.The film began at 2:00 p.m.and ended at 4:30 p.m.The film _ two and a half _.The film _ two and a half _.18Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo翻翻译解解题技巧技巧19Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo技巧篇技巧篇第一步，先读一下汉语句子，了解这个句子所要表达的意思。并找出句子的主语和谓语。第二步，跳过空格读一下已给出的那一部分内容，然后再仔细分析一下要求翻译的英语。第三步，观察一下要求翻译的汉语，然后联想一下相关词汇和句型，再考虑语态、时态、词形变化、主语与谓语数的一致性等问题。第四步，根据空格数填词。第五步，将已填好的句子再读一遍，从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下。20Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo技巧篇技巧篇翻译题，重在平时的积累。那么，平时应该怎么做呢？1熟练掌握常用词和词组的用法。2熟练掌握各种句型结构。3掌握语法知识。4熟读课文，因为有些题可能会出自课文原文。5平时要加强这类题的训练。总之，平之，平时还是要多是要多读多背多背21Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo练习篇篇1.1.从从现在在开开始，我始，我们应该更加努力更加努力学学习。We should study harder _ We should study harder _（3 3个个空）空）2 2一百年以后，中一百年以后，中国将国将发生什生什么么样的巨大的巨大变化？化？（四（四个个空）空）What great changes will take place in China _What great changes will take place in China _？3.3.你你能把能把你你的自行的自行车借借给我我吗？（五？（五个个空）空）Can you _ Can you _？4.4.他正在花他正在花园园里里浇花。（四花。（四个个空）空）He _ in the garden.He _ in the garden.5.5.我我们应该尽尽最大努力最大努力尽尽快赶上快赶上发达国达国家。家。(3(3个个空）空）We should _ to catch up with the developed countries We should _ to catch up with the developed countries as soon as possibleas soon as possible 6.6.珍珍爱自己，自己，远离不健康的离不健康的书。Take good care of yourself and _ bad booksTake good care of yourself and _ bad books 22Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo练习篇篇虽然很累了，工人然很累了，工人们继续努力工作着。努力工作着。Though they were tired,the workers _ _ Though they were tired,the workers _ _ _ hard._ hard.下下个个星期星期将将有一有一场足球比足球比赛。There _ _ a football match next week.There _ _ a football match next week.我的自行我的自行车出了毛病。出了毛病。Something is _ _ my bike.Something is _ _ my bike.Mr.BrownMr.Brown是如此的激是如此的激动，以至于，以至于说不出不出话来来。Mr.Brown is _ excited _ say a word.Mr.Brown is _ excited _ say a word.一到家，金太太就去睡一到家，金太太就去睡觉了。了。_ _ _ she got home,Mrs.King _ _ _ she got home,Mrs.King went to bed.went to bed.为什什么么不跟我不跟我们一起去一起去钓鱼呢？呢？Why _ _ _ with us?Why _ _ _ with us?23Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company Logo练习篇篇1.1.该看看篮球球赛了。了。2.2.你你最好不要最好不要躺躺在床上看在床上看书。3.3.母母亲每天每天晚晚上花上花两个两个小小时为我我们做做饭。4.4.老老师让我我们课后用英后用英语交交谈。5.5.露露丝不喜不喜欢早晨喝牛奶。早晨喝牛奶。6.6.你你想今天下午和我想今天下午和我们一起一起踢踢球球吗？7.7.请你你把收音机把收音机关关上好上好吗？8.8.这本本书非常有趣，大家都想看。非常有趣，大家都想看。9.9.在在婴儿儿睡睡觉的的时候，候，请保持安保持安静静。10.10.哥哥和我哥哥和我对电影都不感影都不感兴趣。趣。24Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.Company LogoThe AnwserThe Anwser 1.Its time to watch the basketball match.1.Its time to watch the basketball match.2.Youd better not read in bed.2.Youd better not read in bed.3.It takes mother 2 hours to cook(do the cooking)3.It takes mother 2 hours to cook(do the cooking)for every evening.for every evening.4.The teacher asked us to talk in English after class.4.The teacher asked us to talk in English after class.5.Rose doesnt like drinking milk in the morning.5.Rose doesnt like drinking milk in the morning.6.Would you like to play football with us this afternoon?6.Would you like to play football with us this afternoon?7.Will you please turn off the radio?7.Will you please turn off the radio?8.The book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it.8.The book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it.9.Please keep quiet when the baby is sleeping.9.Please keep quiet when the baby is sleeping.10.Neither my brother nor I am interested in movies.10.Neither my brother nor I am interested in movies.(Both my brother and I arent interested in movies.)(Both my brother and I arent interested in movies.)25