高中二年级英语第一课时课件.ppt

Look at the following two sentences from the text and observe the differences between them.Example:Our group are all going to visit them in the forest.Our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon.If the word group refers to different members,use a plural verb.If the word group is considered as a whole,use a singular verb.Here are some other nouns that can be used in the same way:class,family,the public,team,police,group,government,college,school,crowd,audience,etc.语法详解：语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。定着谓语动词对应的形式。主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即谓语动词的单复数语法形式上一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定。主语为形式依主语的单复数形式而定。主语为单数时谓语动词用单数，主语为复数时单数时谓语动词用单数，主语为复数时谓语动词也用复数。谓语动词也用复数。1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情谓语动词有以下两种情况：况：(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事事 物的时候物的时候,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。He and I _ both students of this school.我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。are The singer and dancer _ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _ on the table.刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。isis(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同同 一个人或物一个人或物,或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候,谓语要用谓语要用单数单数。2.如果主语是不定式如果主语是不定式,动词动词ing形式或主语形式或主语从句的时候从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。e.g.What he is doing seems very important.他正在做的事情看起来很重要。他正在做的事情看起来很重要。Collecting stamps is his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱好。3.定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who,which,that 在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。致。e.g.Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom,who is your friend,should help you.4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：变化。例如：The teacher,together with his students,is planting trees in the street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。邻近一致是指谓语动词的人称和数与它邻近一致是指谓语动词的人称和数与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or 在句子中连接主在句子中连接主语的时候或者在语的时候或者在there be句型中句型中,谓语谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。动词要和就近的主语保持一致。e.g.Neither you nor I am wrong.There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是但在意义上却是单数。单数。1.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _ rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _ rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。are isNone of the money _ left.没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there.没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。is is2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓谓语动词与语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。后面的名词保持一致。Half of the students _ finished theircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _ bad.一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _ boys.我们学校我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男大约百分之六十的学生是男生。生。haveisare3.集合名词作主语集合名词作主语,动词可用单数动词可用单数,也也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。His family _ going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _ all music lovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 4.某些名词如某些名词如people,police,cattle等等,形形式上是单数式上是单数,但意义上是复数但意义上是复数,谓语动谓语动词应用复数。词应用复数。people指指“民族民族”时是例时是例外。外。e.g.The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5.复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单数，如单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。e.g.Someone is asking for you.有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。6.某些名词如某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等等,通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式,但但当它们被当它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时,谓语动词谓语动词用单数。用单数。e.g.The pair of shoes is worn out.这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。鞋子破了。7.某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等等,谓语动词应谓语动词应用单数。用单数。8.e.g.Physics is a very interesting subject.9.物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。8.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短在以上短 语语中中and连接的单数名词连接的单数名词,整个短语整个短语 在句中作主语时在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单谓语动词常使用单数。数。e.g.Each man and each woman is asked to attend.Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard.听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。9.以以a number of作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数;以以the number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。e.g.A number of new books are on the desk.The number of students in you class is 50.10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作作主语的时候主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决其谓语动词由上下文决定定,这一类名词有这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。等。e.g.Not every means is useful.不是每种方法都好使。不是每种方法都好使。Not all means are useful.不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。11.many a,more than one,one and a half与单数名词组成的短语与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用谓语用单数。单数。e.g.Many a boy has seen it.许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常谓语动词常用单数。用单数。e.g.Thirty years is not a long time.Roots is a famous American novel.1.this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书这种书),其谓语用单数其谓语用单数;短语短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语口语)(这一类人这一类人),但但this kind of men的谓语用单数的谓语用单数,men of this kind和和these kind of men的谓语的谓语用复数用复数,all kinds of后跟复数名词后跟复数名词,谓谓语用复数形式。例如：语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题应该注意的几个问题:This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows hangs a picture.3.“分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短语以构成的短语以及由及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词名词”构成的短语作主语时构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词后面的名词的数保持一致的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如词是修饰语。例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数名词复数”。但是。但是,“the number of+名词名词”的中心词却是的中心词却是number。试比较：。试比较：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意注意:a(large)quantity of修饰可数或不可数修饰可数或不可数名词名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单谓语动词用单数。数。e.g.A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短其短语作主语时语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短语短语in quantity,in large quantities 意为意为“大量大量”;in small quantities 意为意为“少量少量”。4.a great deal of,a large amount of,修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动谓语动词通常用单数词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动谓语动词通常用复数。例如词通常用复数。例如:A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.5.表示数量的表示数量的one and a half后后,名词要名词要用复数形式用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.6.如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词形容词(或过去分词或过去分词)”结构担任时结构担任时,谓语通常用复数谓语通常用复数,这类这类词有词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dub,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别指个别,则用单数。例如：则用单数。例如：The blind study in special school.The departed(死者死者)was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数或表示人的单数连用。例如连用。例如:an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier.1.One third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.(湖南湖南 2011)A.is;are B.is;is C.are;are D.are;is 2.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.(安徽安徽 2011)A.is B.are C.was D.were3.Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read,of whose works,however,some _ difficult to understand.(四川四川2010)A.are;are B.is;is C.are;is D.is;are4.Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(湖南湖南2010)A.is B.are C.has D.have5.Is everyone here?Not yet.Look,there _ the rest of our guests!(江苏江苏 2010)A.come B.comes C.is coming D.are coming6.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.(2010大纲全国卷大纲全国卷II)A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have wornHomeworkFinish the exercises in USING STRUCTURES on Page 43.