2017高三复习语法(时态语态).ppt

2017高三复高三复习语法法(时态语态)时态与语态重难点一、一般现在时一般一般现在在时表示表示动作的作的经常性或真理常性或真理；表；表示示现状、性状、性质、状、状态时多用系多用系动词或状或状态动词；在；在条件、条件、时间、让步状步状语从句中从句中用用一般一般现在在时或或现在完成在完成时表示将来；表示表示将来；表示预计或或规定定；方位副方位副词或介或介词短短语放在句放在句首首，主，主语是名是名词，且全部倒装，且全部倒装时，用一般，用一般现在在时表示正在表示正在发生的生的动作；作；还可使用于可使用于文学作品和文学文学作品和文学评论中中。用所给词的适当形式填空Ill go there after I _(finish)my work.The water will be further polluted unless some measures _(take)My train _(leave)at 6：30.A snow _(expect)to come next week.On the wall _(hang)a picture.This kind of cloth _(wash)well.Dont take it away.It _(belong)to me.He said water_(boil)at 100.【答案】finishare takenleavesis expectedhangswashesbelongsboils二、一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so farup to nowup until nowby now，already，yet，several/many/.times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。请区别下列几组句子：He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)Its two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)Its two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)This is the first/second/.time(that)I have_visited the school.This was the first/second/.time I had_visited the school.He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)用所给词的适当形式填空I havent seen you for ages.Havent you graduated from college?Yes.I_(study)English for four years in Nanjing University.Where _ you_(put)my book?I cant find it anywhere.Although he has lived with us for years，he _(not leave)us much impression.My brother is an actor.He _(appear)in several films in the past few years.Li Pin may not come tonight.But he _(promise)【答案】studiedhave；puthasnt lefthas appearedpromised三、过去完成时和将来完成时过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely.when.和no sooner.than.注表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/.to do.，but.I hoped/expected/.to have done.，but.I would like/love to have done.，but.I was to have done.，but.I was going to do.，but.I would have done.，but.I was coming/leaving/arriving/.,but.将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个时间”。如：They will have completed the project by the end of next year.用所给词的适当形式填空：Helen _(leave)her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come)home.I _(hope)to meet Mr.Thompson this morning，but I found nobody left in the room.By the time he _(return)home，the work had been finished.By the time he returns home，the work _(finish)We plan to reach the North Pole in midJuly，and by then we _(walk)for six weeks.【答案】had left；camehad hopedreturned;will have been finishedwill have walked四、现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。用所给词的适当形式填空：Have you moved into the new house?Not yet.The rooms _(paint)My father _(fall)while he _(ride)his bicycle and _(hurt)himself.Why are her eyes red?She _(cry)He _(fly)over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.You _ always _(watch)TV.Why not do something more active?Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No，but we _(try)to get in touch with them ever since.【答案】are being paintedfell；was riding；hurthas been cryingwill be flyingare；watchinghave been trying五、一般将来时注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”。用所给词的适当形式填空：Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt.The plane_(take)off.Look at the timetable.Flight 4026 _(take)off at 18：20.If you _(succeed)，you should work hard.Look at the dark clouds.It _(rain)The light is still on.Sorry.I _(go)and turn it off.【答案】is takingtakesare to succeedis going to rainwill go六、get过去分词“get过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。用所给词的适当形式填空：The patient _(treat)once a week.He fell off the building and _(kill)【答案】gets treated/is treatedgot killed/was killed七、主动形式表示被动意义 需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：当系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write 等词有状语easily，well等修饰时；measure，weigh，add up to后接数字时；在“be形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The problem is easy to solve.need，want，require，deserve后接动名词主动形式，相当于to be done。如：The watch needs repairing.He deserves praising.be worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如：The book is well worth buying.固定短语be to blame，be to let。选择最佳答案The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A.was felt B.was to feel C.felt D.was to be feltI feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A.is to blame B.is going to blameC.is to be blamed D.should blameDoctors and medical supplies _ to the scene of the accident soon after the coal mine explosion.A.had rushed B.were rushed C.were rushing D.rushedThe moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open，the whole world cheered.A.declared B.have been declaredC.have declared D.were declaredWhy did you leave that position?I_ a better position at IBM.A.offer B.offered C.am offered D.was offeredHow are the team playing?They are playing well，but one of them _ hurt.A.got B.gets C.were D.isI want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.A.have told；washesB.have been told；washesC.was told；was washedD.have been told；is washed【答案】CABDDAB八、感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语态时要加to。将下列句子改为被动语态：I saw him fall down.He was seen_I made him wash the dishes.He was made_【答案】to fall downto wash the dishes九、“据说/据报道/”的表达Somebodyis(was)said/reported/believed/thought/known to.意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为”。此时，动词不定式有三种形式，即to do,to be doing和to have done。到底用哪种形式，可用下面的方法来辨别：把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较：动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生：用to have done；动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生：用to be doing；动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性：用to do。The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday.A.being robbed B.having been robbedC.to have been robbed D.robbedWang Ming is said _ abroad,but I am not sure which country it was.A.to study B.to have studiedC.to be studying D.to have been studyingLinda is thought _ in Africa,but I really dont know what country shes working in.A.to have worked B.to workC.to be working D.working【答案】CBC十、不用被动语态的动词或动词短语appear，disappear，occur，benefit，end，begin，happen，last，spread，break out，take place，belong to，come about，suffer from等。用所给词的适当形式填空：The place caught fire three times in the last century,and little of the original building _(remain)now.The medicine _(prove)vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain.【答案】remainshas proved谢谢！