Translation-of-Words-(II)分析.ppt

Translation of Words(II)lWordwithSoundlFour-Character-IdiomlWordwithImagelFunctionalWords(emptyword)lLoanWordWord with SoundlOnomatopoeia-theformationofawordbyanimitationofthesoundassociatedwiththeobjectoractiondesignated.Itisalsoappliedtotheuseofacombinationofwordstoevokebysoundacertainimageormood.lE.g.E.g.wolfshowl嚎;catsmew喵;metalsdingdang叮当;beeshum嗡;doorsbang;砰lionshoar吼;utensilsclang哐啷.Word with Sound IIlSound of metal collision:clash,clank,tinkle,jangle,dingdong,tick-tacklSound of liquid movement:splash,bubble,sizzle,splish-splosh,drip-droplSound of human voice:giggle,chuckle,shriek,snort,sneeze,snigger,smack,whisper,grunt,grumble,mumble,sputter,murmur,chatter,gurgle,whoop.Word with Sound IIIl1)Transliteration-anewwordwithsoundiscreatedinTL.l2)Addition-wordwithsoundusedtorendernormalwords.l3)Deletion-wordswithsoundinSLdeleted.Word With Sound IVl1)骨上已青，佗用刀刮骨，悉悉有声。l2)“呃秋”的一声响，爱姑知道是七大人打喷嚏了，但不由得转过眼睛去看。l3)“啊哟”赵疼得叫了一声，左手赶紧去按摩着右胳膊。l2)哼，我不象你，见了钱就忘了命。3)“没水了”他喃喃地说。l“Nowaterleft.”Hemuttered.Word with Sound Vl1)He found the bone much discolored,but hescrapeditclean,Hsi,Hiswenttheknifeoverthesurface.l2)“Ah-tchew”though Ai Ku knew it was onlySeventh Master sneezing,she could not helpturningtolookathim.l3)“Ayo”yelpedChao,hislefthandflyingtohisrightarmandrubbingitgently.(Ouch)l4)Humph,Iamnotlikeyou,showyouahandfulofcoppersandyoubreakyournecktoit.Word with Sound VIl1)刹车声刺激了我的神经。Thescreechingofthebrakesgotonmynerves.l2)工地上传来了马达声。Fromtheconstructionsitecomestherumblingofthemachines.l3)Theclickery-clack;thetick-tack;therumblingofthethunder;thethumpingofthebus;theclatterofmahjong;thejingleofthedoorbell.l4)深深的秋夜，只有蟋蟀的叫声和案头的灯光伴着我。Lateintotheautumnnight,thereareonlythechirpingofcricketsandthelightonmydeskthatkeepmeaccompany.Word with Sound VIIl5)小孩哭着睡着了。l6)她笑骂道“该死的，吓死我了，我还当是闹鬼了呢”。l7)老板厉声说道“你昏了头了，教训起我来了。l8)一到雨天，附近的居民就得踏着泥泞买菜。l5)Afterawhile,thewhimperingbabyfellasleep.l6)Shecursedhim,giggling,“Damnyou,whatfrightyougaveme.IthinkIsawaghost.”l7)Thebosssnarled,“Youarecrazy!Youdaretolectureme”l8)Wheneveritrains,theresidentsintheneighborhoodhavetosplashthroughthemiretobuyvegetables.Word with Sound IXl1)人群里发出一片啧啧啧的赞叹声。2)她见江华噗嗤笑了，自己也忍不住笑起来。l3)他的话刚说完，砰砰砰，连着三声清脆的枪声划过夜空-这是发现敌人的信号。l1)Theaudiencemurmureditsapproval./clickedtheirtonguesinadmiration.l2)JiangHualaughedatthat,andshecouldnothelpjoiningin.l3)Barelyhadhefinishedwhen3shotsrangoutsharpandclear-thesignalthatanenemyhadbeensighted.Four Character IdiomslDefinition:creamofChineselType:1)subject/predicate,2)verb/object,3)modifier/modified,4)coordinatephraseslTranslatingprinciple:ideally,toconveybothcontentandformlE.g.以卵击石;l图案新颖、色调雅致、美丽大方、富丽堂皇;l立场坚定，目光远大，头脑敏捷，业务熟悉，才华出众，风格高尚Four Character Idioms IIl1)tothrowaneggagainstarock/tokickagainstthepricks/hurtoneselfbyuselessresistance.l1)Thecarpetmadeinourfactoryisbeautifulandmagnificent for their novel designs and elegantcolors.l2)AChinesediplomatshouldpossesssteadfastness,far-sightedness,resourcefulness,professional competence,outstanding talent andnobility of character.(.firm in stand,broad invision,swift in wit,qualified in profession,outstandingintalent,nobleincharacter.)Four Character Idioms IIIl1)天长地久;轻如鸿毛;挥金如土;山穷水尽;孤注一掷;半斤八两;格格不入;泰然自若;旁观者清.l2)适者生存，优胜劣汰;货到付款;出类拔萃;公平竞争;脱贫致富;易如反掌;忍气吞声l3)求同存异;能者多劳;人为财死，鸟为食亡;公平合理;隔墙有耳,彻头彻尾;患难与共,软硬兼施l4)久病成医,血浓于水.Four Character Idioms IVl1)Asoldashills,aslightasafeather;spendmoneylikewater;attheendofoneshope,toputalloneseggsinonebasket;sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother;asquarepeginaroundhole;ascoolasacucumber;theonlookerseesmostofthegame.l2)Survivalofthefittest;paymentagainstarrival;aboveaverage;faircompetition;shakeoffpovertyandsetoutontheroadtoprosperity;aseasyasturningoveroneshand;swallowhisangerandholdhistongue;Four Character Idioms Vl3)Seek common grounds while reservingdifferences;Theablertheman,thebusierhegets;Mendieforwealth,birdsdieforfood;fairandsquare;wallshaveears;pureandsimple;tosharewealandwoe;tousebothstickandcarrotl4)Prolongedillnessmakesadoctorofapatient.Bloodisthickerthanwater.Four Character Idioms VIl1)Buttherehadbeentoomuchofpublicityaboutmycase.我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。l2)但世人一见了功名，便舍得性命去求它，及至到手之后味同嚼蜡。Menwillrisktheirlivesinsearchofrankandfame,yetoncetheyhavethemwithintheirgrasp,thetasteisnobetterthanchewedtallow/asdryassawdust.l3)天气这样闷热，十之八九要下雨。Withtheweathersocloseandstuffy,tentooneitwillrainpresently.Four Character Idioms VIIl因噎废食Cutoffyournosetospiteyourface;likefather,likeson;龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠儿子会打洞talk black into white;指鹿为马 mutualmistrustwithbothpartiesplayingtricks;尔虞我诈faithfulbelievers;善男信女l鬼鬼祟祟Sneakaround;慌里慌张beflustered;毕恭毕敬reverently,油嘴滑舌glibtongue;犹犹豫豫hesitate;马马虎虎careless;破破烂烂ragged;磨磨蹭蹭dawdle/loiter;躲躲闪闪evasive;忙忙碌碌busy;急急忙忙inahurry;伶牙俐齿eloquent;流言蜚语rumors;繁荣昌盛prosperous;含辛茹苦bearhardships;乌烟瘴气inchaosWord with ImagelDefinition:aliterarytechnique,amajordeviceofcharacterizationlTranslatingmethods:1)literalrendering2)substitution,3)explanationlE.g1)宝玉见王夫人起来，早一溜烟跑了。vanishedlikesmokel2)一切反动派都是纸老虎。Allreactionariesarepapertigers.(scarecrowafigureinshapeofapersoninoldclothes,setuptofrightenbirdsawayfromcrops)Word with Image IIl1)Ascunningasadeadpig.像狐狸一样狡猾l2)遗憾的是，我们当时的呼吁石沉大海。Itisregrettablethatourappealremainedadeadletter.l3)你告不赢他的，县里当官的和他穿一条裤子。Youwontwinthelawsuitagainsthim.Officialsinthecountryarehandinglovewithhim.l4)他敏感得像一只兔子。Hecanhearthegrassgrow.l5)巧 妇 难 为 无 米 之 炊。Even the cleveresthousewifecantmakebreadwithoutflour.Word with Image IIIl1)-What,istheoldkingdead?l-Asnailinthedoor.死得直挺挺的，就像门上的钉子一般。HenryIVl2)昨天他又去打小报告，没承想却碰了一鼻子灰走了。Hewenttospreadrumorstothesuperioryesterday,butmetwitharebuff,soheslunkoff.l3)HisformerpassionuncontrollablyrevivedbyTessscompellingbeauty,hisnewfoundreligiondroppedfromhimlikeacloak,theconvertdisappeared.Empty WordlDefinition:withoutdefinitemeaning,withgrammaticalfunctionl1)花朵虽然看上去可爱，但风吹不得，日晒不得.l2)这机器虽然体积大，但运转时却没有闹声。l3)她虽是女流，但不受旧思想的束缚，担任了一家进步杂志的编辑。l4)虽然自己曾和她信誓旦旦，但此一时彼一时也。Empty Word IIl1)吃的，穿的，他什么都有了。l2)他喜欢吃辣的。l3)他说他的，你干你的。l4)我的面膜和护发素就是在这家美容店买的。l5)这笔钱非经批准不得动用。l6)不得触摸展品。l7)他这人是老虎屁股摸不得。l8)例子多得不胜枚举l9)他把那个在办公室打杂的骂得狗血喷头。Empty Word IIIl1)听着Shefellasleepwhilelisteningtomusic.l2)拨了三次没拨通。Idialed3timesbutfailedtogetthrough.l3)他经历过的世事太多了，不可能不痛感于斯。Hehasseenonlytoomuchoflifetofeelitkeenly.l4)让他插手，准把这事搞咂了。l5)你把我当外人了，是不？l6)就是嘛，我也是这样想的。l7)你既当上了局长，可得廉洁奉公啊。Empty Word IVl1)升旗仪式就要开始了。l2)决不允许别国干涉我们的内政。l3)我倒不如离开这鬼地方l4)如果不劳动，就没饭吃。l5)就算她是个母老虎，还能把你吃了？l6)我们还在运筹之中，对手已经抢先一步了。l7)他三天两头地跑来烦我讨厌死了。Empty Word Vl1)这件事谁也不知道，他也不对任何人提起。哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出。l2)Hes vanished for good,leaving me tocleanupthemessleftbyhim.l3)革命不是请客吃饭。l4)她们姐妹俩没有一处相同的地方。l5)Athousandmustachescanlivetogether,butnotfourbreasts.Loan Word lBiologicalnames:l1)Wilde王尔德,Holmes福尔摩斯,BernardShaw肖伯纳,Caesar恺撒,Shelley雪莱l2)RonaldReagan罗纳德里根,BillClinton比尔克林顿l3)Bumble本伯，笨伯,Kissinger基辛格，纪新歌,Congo刚果，甘果,Whiteman惠特曼，会特慢,House豪斯,Field菲尔德,Peacock皮科克,Carpenter卡彭特,Margaret珠子玛格丽特,Catherine纯洁凯瑟琳Loan Word IIl4)fatherandsonwiththesamename,useseniorandjunior,e.g.RockfellerSr.5)petnamee.g.Richard理查德,Dick狄克,Dicky狄基,Robert罗伯特,Bob鲍勃,Bobby鲍比,Frederick弗雷德里克,Fred弗雷德,Fredie弗雷迪6)Japanesenamee.gSato佐藤,Hatoyama鸠山l(2)Geographicalnames:LosAngeles洛杉矶,Sheffield设菲尔德,Plymouth普利茅斯,Canberra堪培拉,Quebec魁北克,Rome罗马,Kobe神户，Nagoya名古屋,Hiroshima广岛,Nagasaki长崎,Hokkaido北海道,Osaka大阪,Yokohama横滨Loan Word III(3).Other proper names:Greenwich格林威治,Michigan密执安,Chicago芝加哥,PhnomPenh金边,Bangdung万隆,Bombay孟买,Apollo阿波罗飞船,Omega欧米加手表,Chevrolet雪佛莱汽车,Marlboro万宝路香烟,Park派克金笔l(4).Ordinarynames:disco迪斯科,sofa沙发,Dacron涤纶,whiskey威斯忌,shock休克,chocolate巧克力,ounce盎司,toast吐司,gallon加仑,logic逻辑,humor幽默,vitamin维他命,neon霓虹,club俱乐部,utopia乌托邦Loan Word IVlMeaningtranslation:l(1)Institutionsandorganizations:UN,EEC,FBIl(2)Newspapers and magazines:Life,Time,National Geographic,USA Today,Playboy,MorningStarl(3)Others:Atlantic city,Salt Lake City,LittleRock,Thanksgiving,Easter,NotreDame圣母院,BellofLiberty,Deanl(4)Ordinary names:French fries,soda,MFN,barbecue,xeroxLoan Word VlCombinationl(1)Proper names:Panama(Canal),KennedyAirport,TempleUniversity,RooseveltBoulevard罗斯福大街,NiagaraFalls,BucksCounty巴克斯郡,LondonNewsl(2)Ordinarynames:safeguard,kilowatt,decibel,radamapl(3)withasuffix:pizza比萨饼,StatueofLiberty自由女神像,rifle来复枪,sardine沙丁鱼,tank坦克车,swallowtail燕尾服,ballet芭蕾舞,tittup踢踏舞Loan Word VIl(4)with imitation of image or shape:A-frameA形支架,figure8coil8字线圈,C-washer形 垫 圈,Cross bit十 字 钻 头,hunting-cap鸭舌帽,S-turning形弯道,T-square丁字尺,Twistdrill麻花钻,U-pipe形管,V-belt形皮带,Y-track人字形路轨Pleasure of Learning lLearningisanaturalpleasure,inbornandinstinctive,oneoftheessentialpleasuresofthehumanrace.butifthepleasureoflearningisuniversal,whyarethesesomanydull,incuriouspeopleintheworld?Itisbecausetheyaremadedull,bybadteaching,byisolation,bysurrendertoroutine,sometimes,too,bythepressureofhardworkandpoverty,orbythetoxinofriches,withalltheirephemeralandtrivialdelights.Withluck,resolutionandguidance,however,thehumanmindcansurvivenotonlypovertybyevenwealth.Pleasure of Learning IIlMuchunhappinesshasbeensufferedbythosepeoplewhohaveneverrecognizedthatitisasnecessarytomakethemselvesintowholeandharmoniouspersonalitiesastokeepthemselvesclean,healthyandfinanciallysolvent.Wholenessofthemindandspiritisnotaqualityconferredbynature,orbyGod.Itislikehealth,virtueandknowledge.Manhasthecapacitytoattainit;buttoachieveitdependsonhisownefforts.Itneedslong,deliberateeffortofthemindandtheemotions,andeventhebody.Pleasure of Learning IIIlManypeoplehaveplayedthemselvestodeath.Oreatenanddrunkthemselvestodeath.Nobodyhaseverthoughthimselftodeath.Thechiefdangerconfrontingusisnotage.Itislaziness,sloth,routine,stupidity-forcingtheirway in like wind through the shutters,seeping into thecellar like swamp water.Many who avoid learning,orabandonit,findthatlifeisdraineddry.Nolearnerhaseverrunshortofsubjectstoexplore.Thepleasureoflearningareindeedpleasures.Infact,thewordshouldbechanged.Thetruenameishappiness.Youcanlivelongestandbestand most rewardingly by attaining and preserving thehappinessoflearning.Pleasure of Learning IVl学习的本能与生俱来，是人类必不可少的乐趣之一。如果这种学习的兴趣是普遍的，为什么世上还有那么多迟钝的对学习不感兴趣的人呢？这时由于不良的教育、孤独的处境、墨守成规所造成的；有时侯，也由于繁重的劳动和贫困，或者由于富足加上朝生暮死的寻欢作乐所造成。然而只要幸运，有决心，指导得法，人类的兴趣，不仅不会为贫穷所限制，而且即使生活富裕，也是能够保持的。Pleasure of Learning VIl人类自身形成完整和美的人格与人类的卫生、健康及经济自立同等重要，那些对此一无所知的人已经吃尽苦头。人类心灵的和谐并不是天生的或由上帝赐与的品质，它与健康，美德和知识相似。人类有能力获得它，但全靠自身的努力，即人类在思想上，情感上乃至体能上长期自觉的努力。Pleasure of Learning VIIl不少人吃喝玩乐，或大吃大喝终其一生。没有因自己用脑子思考问题而致死。我们所面对的主要危险不是年龄，而是懒惰，墨守成规与愚昧-这些陋习侵蚀我们犹如风儿钻进百叶窗，好似沼地积水渗入地下室。那些从不学习或中途辍学的人，终会发现生活如无源之水.学习者决不匮乏探索地主题。从学习中体会到的乐趣才是真正的乐趣。其实，这个字眼得更换一下，更确切的说法是幸福。获得并保持学习换来的幸福，你将拥有最长的生命，生活得最充实和最有价值。学问与趣味 l由小学到中学，所修习得无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好象过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确实有浓厚的趣味。学问与趣味 IIl学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人的。环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友指导启发，当然有很大的帮助。但是具备这些条件，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。世间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。最重要的因素还是个人自己的努力。求学是一件艰苦的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能得到成功。lPrimaryandsecondaryschoolwillimparttoyouonlysomerudimentsofknowledge.Evenwhatyoulearnduringthefouryearsofuniversitywillbesomethingquitesuperficialtoo.Auniversityhasoftenbeenmisleadinglyreferredtoas“thehighestseatoflearning”,whichsoundsasiftherewerenomorelearningtospeakofbeyondit.theresearchinstituteofauniversity,however,istheplaceforpreliminaryscholarship.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttasteoflearningandtheemphasisisonresearchmethodologyandpractice.Artislong,lifeisshort.Thatiswhysomeofourancientscontinuedtostudyevenwhentheywerehoaryheaded.Theywere,ofcourse,motivatedbyanenormousinterestintheirstudies.Learning and Personal Inclination lYouareresponsibleforyourlearning,youcannotrelyonothers.Itiscertainlyveryhelpfultobepossessedwithinterferencefreeenvironment,abundantcollectionofbooksandfacilities,instructiveandinsightfulteachersandfriends.Butevenifyouhavegotallthesefavorableconditions,youcannotbesuretosucceedinlearning,fornotafewpeoplewhohavebeensuccessfulinlearningarenotarmedwithallthesethings.Themostimportantfactorconsistsinonesowneffort.tolearnisratherapainstakingandperseveringbusiness.Manyamanisafailurebecausehecannotbearsuchindispensablehardships.