高考英语语法 ：将来完成时和现在完成时用法解析讲义.docx

高中英语语法精讲：将来完成时和现在完成时用法解析英语动词时态用法归纳:将来完成时1.构成will/ shall+ have +过去分词。2.基本用法(1)表示到将来某个时间已经发生或完成的动作。如:I shall have finished this book next week. 下周我就会读完这本书了。When we get there, she'll have gone home.我们到那里时她会回家了。On Monday he'll have been in Britain for three years.到星期一，他在英国就满三年了。(2)有时表示推测。如:They will have aired there by now.这时候他们可能已到那儿了。3.现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别(1) 现在完成时以现在时间为参照点，表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态;过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点，表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态;将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点，表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态。如:He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year.去年年底他就写完了他的小说。He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。(2)在表示时间或者条件的状语从句，用现在完成时来表示将来完成时。如:I will go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作之后我就同你去。将来完成时主要用法归纳1.表示将来完成即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。如:Maybe by then you will have changed your mind.也许到时候你已经改变主意了。“You'll have finished by tomorrow."“I wish!”“你到明天就完成了。”“但愿如此!”I hope I'll have finished the work by the end of the month.我希望我这个月底能完成工作。Demand for cars in the developed world will have reached saturation point within 20 years。不出20年，已发展国家的汽车需求将达到饱和。Planning so far ahead makes no sense so many things will have changed by next year.提前这么久就计划并不明智一一到明年，许多事情都会发生变化。2.表示动词的持续即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及某一将来时间。如:We will have been married a year on June 25th 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。By this time next week. I will have worked for this company for 24 years.到下星期此刻，我已经为该公司干了24年了。3.表示推测即表示根据某情况作出的推测。如:That will have been Roland. He said he'd be back at 7.准是罗一，他说他7点钟回来。There will have been a definite result before Friday星期五以前将肯定会有结果。英语动词时态用法归纳:现在完成时1. 构成have/has+动词的过去分词2.基本用法(1)表示一个过去发生或已完成的动作对现在影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。如:I've had two letters from him. 我已收到他的两封信。He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市。Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。I have seen you before. but I can't remember where. 我以前见过你，但是不记得在哪里了。Have you finished your homework? 你做完作吗 ?(2)表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也可能还会持续下去(表示“未完成”)。如:Since then, he has developed another bad habit自那以后,它养成了另一种环习惯。They have been friends ever since they were in grade school他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。How long have you been here?你来多久了 ?We haven't seen each other for ages. 我们好久没见面了。I've finished half so far. 到目前为止我只完成一半。注:非延续性动词不能与表示一般时间的状语连用。如:(3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。例如:I'll go to your home when I have finished my homework.我做完作业后去你家。If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we'll go to the park. 如果中午雪停了，我们就去公园。I'll go to bed when I've finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。(4)现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作。如:He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。3.与现在完成时连用的常用词语能与现在完成时连用词语很多，just,already yet, before, never, ever, recently 等，但常见的有:(1)since自从，如:I have been there many times since the war. 自那次战争以来，我曾去该地多次。We haven't seen each other since last week. 自上周以来我们一直未见过面。We have been friends ever since. 自此以后我们一直是朋友。有时可用其它时态。如:It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。It is five years since he came here. 他来这里五年了。(2) so far到目前为止，如:So far we have learned 2000 English words.目前为止我们已学了两千个英语单词了。So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.到目前为上还没有找到那失踪的中年妇女。We haven't had any trouble so far. 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何麻烦。(3) in/ for / during the past/ last . years 在过去/最近中:I've been ill for the past three weeks. 我三周来一直在生病。Great changes have taken place in the last three vears 最近三年我们学校发生很大变化。I have been here (for) the last/ past month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。(4)up to/until now 到现在为止，如:Up to now he's been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默。I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。Up until now we have planted over 20000 trees.到目前为止我们已经种了两万棵树了。Up to now. the work has been easy.到现在为止这工作还算容易。Up to now.Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.到目前为止.斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个汽车修理部发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他坚急承件。(5) It's /will be the first / second. time that.这是第一/二 次，如:It's the first time I've been here. 这是我第一次来这儿。Don't forget. it'll be the first time I've spoken in public.别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。It is the second time I have met here today. 这是我今天第二次见到他了。学科网（北京）股份有限公司