初中英语八大时态总.pdf

初中八大时态专项讲解专题一：一般现在时一,用法:1)经 常 性 或 习 惯 性 的 动 作，常 与 表 示 频 度 的 时 间 状 语 连 用。时 间 状语：every,，sometimes，at,，on Sunday。.Eg:we often call to each other.She always wears red clothes。2)客观真理，客观存在,科学事实.Eg：The earth moves around the sun。Shanghai lies in the east of China。3）表示格言或警句中。Eg：Pride goes before a fall。骄者必败。二，句式：1。be动词的变化（am/is/are）.否定句：主语+be+not+其它。Eg：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。Eg：-Are you a student？Yes.I am。/No，I m not。特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。Eg：Where is my bike？2.行为动词的变化（do/does)。否定句：主语+dont（doesnt)+动词原形（+其它）。Eg:I dont like bread。当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 doesnt构成否定句。Eg:He doesnt often play。一般疑问句:Do(Does）+主语+动词原形+其它.Eg：-Do you often play football？-Yes，I do。/No,I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句.Eg：Does she go to work by bike？-Yes,she does。/No,she doesnt。特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句.Eg:How does your father go to work？三,第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中,动词才用三单式）（1)多数动词直接加 s：runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs,。（2）结 尾 是s，x，sh,ch，o,前 为 辅 音 字 母，结 尾 加es：watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音：将y改为i加es:study studies fly fliescarry carries cry cries ,但在 y 前如果为元音则直接加 s：buys says.Exercise：一，选择（)1。_ you have a book？A。DoB。AreC.IsD。Have()2。They _ on a farm。A.workingB.is workC.workD。is worked(）3.Does Peter like to watch TV？_。A.Yes，he likeB。No，he doesnt C.Yes，hed likeD。No，he likes()4。She doesn t _ her homework in the afternoon.A.doingB。to doC。doesD.do()5.How _ Mr.Brown _ to America?A.do,goB.is，goC.does，goD.does，goes（)6.Where s my camera？I_ it.A。am not findingB。am not seeing C。cant findD。cant look at(）7。How _ he go to work?He _ to work by bike。A.does；goB。do;goesC。do;goD。does；goes（）8._ you usually late for school?No，_。A。Do；I amB。Does；notC。Are；Im notD。Are；I arent（)9。_ she _ home at six every day?A.Is，leaveB.Does,leaveC.Is,leaves D。Does，left(）10。Mr。Yang _ English this term.A.teaches our B。teaches us C。teachs us D。teach our 二，写出下列动词的相应形式1.第 三 人 称 单 数:wash_ match _guess_ study_ finish_ go_ snow_ carry_ 2.写出下列动词的过去式:stop_ see_ drive _let_ carry_ keep_ join_ find_ think_ teach_ catch_ 3.写出下列动词的现在分词形式：stay_ begin_ forget_ forget_ lie_ die _ run_ prefer_ give_ ring_ dance_ hope_ 三，用词的适当形式填空。1。What time_ his father_(do）the work?2.He _(get）up at five oclock。3。_ you _(brush)your teeth every morning。4。What _（do）he usually _（do)after school？5。Tom _（study)English，Chinese，Maths，Science and Art at school。6。Kitty sometimes _（go)to the park with his sister。7。At eight at night，she _(watch）TV with her parents。8._ Mike_（read）English every day？9.How many lessons_ your classmates_（have）on Monday？10.We often_（play)football in the playground。专题二：一般过去时一，用法：1）在 确 定 的 过 去 时 间 里 所 发 生 的 动 作 或 存 在 的 状 态，时 间 状 语有:yesterday,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982 yesterday morning（afternoon，evening,）last night（week,month，year,）,a moment ago，a week ago,three years ago,just now,等.Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。Eg:When I was a child，I often played football in the street.3）句型：It is time for sb。to do sth ”到,时间了 该,了”Eg:It is time for you to go to bed。你该睡觉了It is time sb。did sth。”时间已迟了”早该,了”Eg：It is time you went to bed。你早该睡觉了。would(had)rather sb。did sth.表示 宁愿某人做某事 Eg：I d rather you came tomorrow。4）wish，wonder，think，hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。Eg:I thought you might have some。我以为你想要一些.5）used to/be used to 1,used to+do：过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Eg：Mother used not to be so forgetful。Scarf used to take a walk.(过去常常散步）2，be used to+doing：对,已感到习惯，或”习惯于”，to 是介词,后需加名词或动名词。Eg：He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk。(现在习惯于散步）二，句式：1.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：主语是单数用 was，复数用 were。否定句：was/were+not。.。（在 be 后加 not)。一般疑问句：was或 were 调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句：主语+动词的过去式。Eg:I watched a film last Sunday。否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形.Eg:I didnt watch a film last Sunday。一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形?Eg:Did you watch a film last Sunday?Yes，I did。No，I didn t。特殊疑问句：疑问词+以 did 开头的一般疑问句？Eg：What did you do last Sunday？三，动词过去式的规则变化：一般情况加 ed：look-looked playplayed startstared 以 e 结尾的动词加 d：livelived hopehoped useused 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母,再加 ed：stopstopped planplanned.以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，变y 为 i，再加ed:studystuied carrycarried 不规则动词变化表：动词原形过去式动词原形过去式be（am，is）was lose lost be（are）were make made beat beat may might become became mean meant begin began meet met blow blew mistake mistook break broke must must bring brought pay paid build built put put buy bought read read can could ride rode catch caught ring rang choose chose rise rose come came run ran cost cost say said cut cut see saw dig dug sell sold do did send sent draw drew set set drink drank shall should drive drove shine shone eat ate show showed fall fell shut shut feel felt sing sang find found sink sank/sunk fly flew sit set forget forgot sleep slept freeze froze smell smelt get got speak spoke give gave spend spent go went spill spilt grow grew spoil spoilt hang hung/hanged stand stood have（has)had sweep swept hear heard swim swam hide hid take took hit hit teach taught hold held tell told hurt hurt think thought keep kept throw threw know knew understand understood lay laid wake woke/waked learn learnt/learned wear wore leave left will would lend lent win won let let write wrote lie lay Exercise:一、单项选择:从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。（10)（）1 My father ill yesterdayA isnt B arent C wasnt D werent(）2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were（）3 The twins in Dalian last year They here nowA are;were B were；are C was；are D were；was()4 your father at work the day yesterday（前天）A Was；before B Is;before C Was;after D Is；after（）5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes，I was D No，I wasn t（）6。I cleaned my classroom _。A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before（)7.I came _ my house two days ago。A back on B back to C to back D back()8._?He did some reading at home。A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do in the school C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday（）9.What did you do _？I went to the movies.A next morning B over the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday（）10。He_early yesterday morning.A gets up B got up C get upD get 二、请用正确动词形式填空.（10）1.I _（have）an exciting party last weekend.2._ she _（practice）her guitar yesterday？No，she _。3.What _ Tom _（do）on Saturday evening？He _(watch)TV and _(read)an interesting book。4。They all _(go)to the mountains yesterday morning.5。She _（not visit）her aunt last weekend.She _（stay)at home and _(do）some cleaning。6.When _ you _(write）this song？I _(write）it last year。7。My friend,Carol，_（study）for the math test and _(practice)English last night。8。_ Mr。Li _ _（do）the project on Monday morning？Yes，he _。9。How _（be)Jims weekend?It _（be not）bad。10。_（be）your mother a sales assistant last year？No.she _。三,写出下列动词的过去式.look_ watch_ like_ hope_decide_plan_ stop_ carry_ study_play_stay_let_put_ read_catch_ teach_ buy_ bring_ think _ sit_ write_ drive_ ring_ sink_run_ give_ win _know_ grow_ throw_ draw_ show_ feel_ sleep_ keep_ sweep_ meet_ 专题三：一般将来时1，定义：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复 发生的 动 作或事 情。经常和表示将 来的时间状语连用:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year）soon,in a few minutes，by，the day after tomorrow，2，结构：肯定句:a：主语+am/is/are going to+do；a。主语的意图，即将做某事.Eg:What are you going to do tomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b。计划，安排要发生的事.Eg：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播.c。有迹象要发生的事.Eg：Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了.b：主语+will/shall+do。(shall 只可用于第一人称即we/I shall,will 可用于任何人称）Eg:I will go swimming tomorrow。否定句:在 be动词（am,is,are）后加 not 或 will 后加 not 成 won t。Eg:I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon。3,be going to 和 will 的区别：be going to和 will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的.（1）be going to主要用于:1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。E.g。Eg:What are you going to do today?今天你们打算做什么？Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。Eg：I m going to play the violin。我打算拉小提琴。Shes going to play the piano。她打算弹钢琴。2、表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生.E。g。Eg：Look！There come the dark clouds。It is going to rain.瞧!乌云密集,天要下雨.I am afraid I am going to have a cold。恐怕我要患重感冒。（2）will 主要用于在以下几个方面：1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称.eg：They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.明天他们将去工厂参观.I ll come with Wang Bing，Liu Tao and Yang Ling.我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来.2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。Eg：Today is Saturday。Tomorrow will be Sunday。今天是星期六。明天是（将)是星期日.He will be thirty years old this time next year。明年这个时候他就（将)三十岁.3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令.eg:Eg:Will you please turn on the radio?请打开收音机好吗？Will you go to the zoo with me?你和我一起去动物园好吗?Exercise：一，选择填空1 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow?A will B shall C do D are 2 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week。A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish 3 There _some showers this afternoon。A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 4 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow。She _a party.A is going to be;will have B will be；is having C will be;is going to have D will have；is going to be 5 Li Ming is 10 years old now，next year he _11。A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 二，用所给词的适当形式填空。1-“I need some paper.-“I _（bring)some for you.”2_(be）you free tomorrow?3 They _（not leave）until you come back.4 _we_（go）to the party together this afternoon?5 They want to know when the meeting _start。6 I _(go）with you if I have time。7 Hurry up!Or we _（be)late.8What _you _（do）tomorrow afternoon？9 Jenny _ _（do)an experiment the day after tomorrow.10 If she isnt free tomorrow，she _（not take）part in the party.专题四：过去将来时（一)概念：表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中.过去将来时常用“would+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”来表达。(二)结构：A)would+动词原形 Eg:He asked me if I would stay here.他问我是否要待在这儿.B）was/were going to+动词原形 Eg：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework。没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业。C）was/were（about）to+动词原形 Eg：He said that they were to leave at six。他说他们将于 6 点动身。She said that the meeting was about to begin.她说会议就要开始了D）come，go,arrive，leave，die 等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。Eg：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan。她告诉我们她将要去云南。（三)基本用法：A）主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。Eg：Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years。没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting。我们想知道她是否准备在会上发言.B)在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。Eg:It was a Sunday afternoon。A young woman named Maria had just left school.He was going to start to work the next week,so she decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes。一个星期天的下午，一位名叫玛丽亚的年轻人刚离开学校。因为她准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。C）过去将来时还可以用来表示非真实的动作或状态.Eg：If I had a chance to study abroad，I would study at Harvard University。如果我有机会出国学习的话,我就会去哈佛大学。I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight。今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。用“was/were going to+动词原形”，“was/were about to+动词原形”表示将来的动作或状态。She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan。I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang.和一般将来时一样，也可用相应的其他形式表示.过去进行时态有时可用来表示过去将来。He said the train was leaving at five the next morning.He said he was coming to see me.常见于 come，go 等瞬间动词。注意：过去将来时的基本特征，也就是我么年今天所谈到的“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。Eg：Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane。玛丽告诉我说她将要坐飞机去上海.Exercise：I.选择填空1.Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month。A。as；come B.was；would come C.would be；came D.will be；come 2。Jenny said she _her holiday in China。A.spent B。would spent C.was going to spent D.would spend 3.-What did your son say in the letter?He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day。A。will visit B。has visited C。is going to visit D.would visit 4。I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A。to come B.is coming C。will come D.was coming 5.Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A。took B.would take C。takes D。will take 6.We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables。A。are going to grow B。were going to grow C.will grow D。have grown 7。She _ to work when the telephone rang。A。is going B。will go C.was about to go D。is to go II。用所给动词的适当形式填空1。Miss Zhang said she _(visit)the Great Wall next summer。2。She told him that she _（not stay)here for long。3.I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come)the next year.4。The scientists said the worlds population _(slow）down in future。5。She said the bus _（leave)at five the next morning。6。I wasn t sure whether he _(lend)me his book the next morning。7.He was fifty-six。In two years he _（be）fifty eight。8。Whenever she has time，she _（help）them in their work。专题五：现在进行时一、定义:现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态.二、结构：现在进行时由“系动词（am，is,are）+现在分词(动词加 ing 形式）”构成.现在以动词 work 为例,对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明:肯定句否定句I am working。I am not working.You are working。You are not working。He/She/It is working.He/She/It is not working。We/You/They are working。We/You/They are not working.疑问句简略答语Am I working?Yes，you are。No,you are not.Are we working?Yes，we/you are.No，we/you arent。Are you working?Yes,I am.No，I am not。Yes，we are.No，we are not。Is he/she it working？Yes,he/she/it is。No，he/she/it is not.Are they working?Yes,they are。No,they are not。三、现在分词的构成：1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。stay-staying do-doing listen listening 1.以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加 ing.make making ride-riding give giving 1.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing.put-putting sit-sitting run-running 1.以 ie 为重读音节结尾的单词，先去掉e，把 i 变为 y，再加 ing。lie-lying die-dying 四、用法：1.表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作，常和下列时间状语连用：now，at this moment,at present,these days（years)，this term 有时也与 look,listen 等连用.Eg:Look,what are the monkeys eating?看,那些猴子在吃什么？1.表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作.例句:They are running and jumping all the time.他们一直在跑啊跳啊.Exercise:一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式stay _ do _ listen _ suffer _ refuse _ close _ operate _ die _ work _ spend _ look _ make _ put _ sit _ run _ tie _ take _ give _ ride _ please _ win _ begin _ open _ lie _ 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mary and Lucy are _（dance)now.2.Listen！Someone is _（play）the piano in the next room.3.He is _(sweep)the floor at the moment。4.Look！The cat _ _（eat）the fish on the table。5.A：_ you _(study）French？B：Yes，I am.三、改错1。I watching TV at home now._ 2.My father is plays the piano._ 3He often flying kites on Sundays._ 4They is reading books._ 5.Do you listening the radio now？_ 专题六:过去进行时(一）定义：过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。(二）结构:was/were+doing（现在分词）(三）用法：1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情.常用的时间状语 this morning，the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening，when,while。.Eg：（1）We were watching TV from seven to nine last night。昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。（2）What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么？（3)My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。2.过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。Eg：What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么?（介词短语表示时间点）When I saw him he was decorating his room。当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间.（when从句表示时间点）3.在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。Eg：While he was waiting for the bus,he was reading a newspaper。他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行)4、表示在过去即将发生的动作。Eg：She asked him whether he was coming back for supper。（四）when 和 while 的用法区别：when是 at or during the time that，既指时间点，也可指一段时间；while是 during the time that，只指一段时间,因此 when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生.由 when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用 while 引导，Eg：When the teacher