万圣节习俗中英文介绍.docx

万圣节习俗中英文介绍halloween one story about jack, an irishman, who was not allowed into heaven because he was stingy with his money. so he was sent to hell. but down there he played tricks on the devil (satan), so he was kicked out of hell and made to walk the earth forever carrying a lantern. well, irish children made jack"s lanterns on october 31st from a large potato or turnip, hollowed out with the sides having holes and lit by little candles inside. and irish children would carry them as they went from house to house begging for food for the village halloween festival that honored the druid god muck olla. the irish name for these lanterns was "jack with the lantern" or "jack of the lantern," abbreviated as " jack-o"-lantern" and now spelled "jack-o-lantern." the traditional halloween you can read about in most books was just children"s fun night. halloween celebrations would start in october in every elementary school. children would make halloween decorations, all kinds of orange-pa-pe-r jack-o-lanterns. and from black pa-pe-r you"d cut "scary" designs -an evil witch with a pointed hat riding through the sky on a broomstick, maybe with black bats flying across the moon, and that meant bad luck. and of course black cats for more bad luck. sometimes a black cat would ride away into the sky on the back of the witch"s broom. and on halloween night we"d dress up in mom or dad"s old shoes and clothes, put on a mask, and be ready to go outside. the little kids (children younger than we were) had to go with their mothers, but we older ones went together to neighbors" houses, ringing their doorbell and yelling, "trick or treat!" meaning, "give us a treat (something to eat) or we"ll play a trick on you!" the people inside were supposed to come to the door and comment on our costumes. oh! here"s a ghost. oh, there"s a witch. oh, here"s an old lady. sometimes they would play along with us and pretend to be scared by some ghost or witch. but they would always have some candy and maybe an apple to put in our "trick or treat bags." but what if no one come to the door, or if someone chased us away? then we"d play a trick on them, usually taking a piece of soap and make marks on their windows. .and afterwards we would go home and count who got the most candy. one popular teen-agers" halloween trick was to unroll a roll of toilet pa-pe-r and throw it high into a tree again and again until the tree was all wrapped in the white pa-pe-r. the pa-pe-r would often stay in the tree for weeks until a heavy snow or rain washed it off. no real harm done, but it made a big mess of both the tree and the yard under it. one kind of halloween mischief. 万圣节是西方的鬼节 在西方国家，每年的10月31日，有个“halloween”，辞典解释为“the eve of all saints"day”，中文译作：“万圣节之夜”。万圣节是西方国家的传统节日。这一夜是一年中最“闹鬼”的一夜，所以也叫“鬼节”。 两千多年前，欧洲的天主教会把11月1日定为“天下圣徒之日” (all hallows day) 。“hallow” 即圣徒之意。传奇自公元前五百年，居住在爱尔兰、苏格兰等地的凯尔特人 (celts) 把这节日往前移了一天，即10月31日。他们认为该日是夏天正式结束的日子，也就是新年伊始，严酷的冬季开头的一天。那时人们信任，故人的亡魂会在这一天回到故居地在活人身上找寻生灵，借此再生. 这是人在死后能获得再生的唯一希望。而活着的人则惧怕死魂来夺生，于是人们就在这一天熄掉炉火、烛光，让死魂无法找寻活人，又把自己装扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂灵吓走。之后，他们又会把火种烛光重新燃起，开头新的一年的生活。传奇那时凯尔特人部落还有在10月31日把活人杀死用以祭祀死人的习俗。 到了公元1世纪，占据了凯尔特部落领地的罗马人也渐渐接受了万圣节习俗，但从今废止了烧活人祭死人的野蛮做法。罗马人庆祝丰收的节日与凯尔特人仪式结合，戴着可怕的面具，装扮成动物或鬼怪，则是为了赶走在他们四周游荡的妖魔。这也就是今日全球大部分人以古灵精怪的装扮，来庆祝万圣节的由来。时间消逝，万圣节的意义慢慢起了变化，变得乐观欢快起来，喜庆的意味成了主流。死魂找替身返世的说法也渐渐被摒弃和忘却。到了今日，象征万圣节的形象、图画如巫婆、黑猫等，大都有友善可爱和滑稽的脸万圣节的习俗不请吃就捣乱 万圣节的一个好玩内容是“trick or treat”，这习俗却并非源自爱尔兰，而是始于公元九世纪的欧洲基-督教会。那时的11月2日，被基-督徒们称为 “all souls day”（万灵之日）。在这一天，信徒们跋涉于僻壤乡间，挨村挨户乞讨用面粉及葡萄干制成的“灵魂之饼”。据说捐赠糕饼的人家都信任教会僧人的祈祷，期盼由此得到上帝的佑护，让死去的亲人早日进入天堂。这种挨家乞讨的传统传至当今竟演化成了孩子们提着南瓜灯笼挨家讨糖吃的玩耍。见面时，装扮成鬼精灵模样的孩子们千篇一律地都要发出“不请吃就捣乱”的威逼，而仆人自然不敢怠慢，连声说“请吃！请吃！”同时把糖果放进孩子们随身携带的大口袋里。 另外还有南瓜雕空当灯笼的故事。这又是源于古代爱尔兰。故事是说一个名叫 jack 的人，是个醉汉且爱恶作剧。一天 jack 把恶魔骗上了树，随即在树桩上刻了个十字，恐吓恶魔令他不敢下来，然后 jack 就与恶魔约法三章，让恶魔答应施法让 jack 永久不会犯罪为条件让他下树。 jack 死后，其灵魂却既不能上天又不能下地狱，于是他的亡灵只好靠一根小蜡烛照着指引他在天地之间倘佯。 在古老的爱尔兰传奇里，这根小蜡烛是在一根挖空的萝卜里放着，称作“jack lanterns”，而古老的萝卜灯演化到今日，则是南瓜做的 jack-o-lantern 了。据说爱尔兰人到了美国不久，即发觉南瓜不论从来源和雕刻来说都比萝卜胜一筹，于是南瓜就成了万圣节的宠物。孩子们宠爱的节日 万圣节是儿童们尽情玩乐的好时候。它在孩子们眼中，是一个布满奇妙颜色的节日。夜幕降落，孩子们便迫不及待地穿上五颜六色的化妆服，戴上千奇百怪的面具，提上一盏“杰克灯”跑出去玩。“杰克灯”的样子特别可爱，做法是将南瓜掏空，外面刻上笑眯眯的眼睛和大嘴巴，然后在瓜中插上一支蜡烛，把它点燃，人们在很远的地便利能看到这张憨态可掬的笑脸。 整理停当后，一群群装扮成妖魔鬼怪的孩子手提“杰克灯”，跑到邻居家门前，威吓般地喊着：“要恶作剧还是给款待”、“给钱还是给吃的”。假如大人不用糖果、零钱款待他们，那些调皮的孩子就说到做到：好，你不款待，我就戏弄你。他们有时把人家的门把手涂上肥皂，有时把别人的猫涂上颜色。这些小恶作剧常令大人啼笑皆非。当然，大多数人家都特殊乐于款待这些天真烂漫的小客人。所以万圣节前夜的孩子们总是肚子塞得饱饱的，口袋装得满满的。 万圣节前夜最流行的玩耍是“咬苹果”。玩耍时，人们让苹果漂移在装满水的盆里，然后让孩子们在不用手的条件下用嘴去咬苹果，谁先咬到，谁就是优胜者。 复活节是一个西方的重要节曰他象征着重生与希望，为纪念耶稣基-督于公元30到33年之间被钉死在十字架之后第三天复活的曰子。通常与耶稣受难曰一起放假。今日，许多与复活节相关的民间风俗都不是起源于基-督教的。耶稣基-督只嘱咐门徒要记念自己的死亡. 复活节原本是古代异教的“春节”，是庆祝春回大地一切恢复生气的节曰。复活节可追溯到古巴比伦的爱情、生育和战斗女神 ishtar。后来，此女神变成了西欧的黎明和春天女神 eastre（证据之一是两个名字相像的读音）。另一证据是 eastre 此字有东方（即 east）的含义，因太阳是从东方升起的。 复活节会在每年春分月圆之后第一个星期曰进行，由于春分之后便开头曰长夜短光明大过黑暗，月圆的时候，不但在曰间布满光明，就连漆黑的夜晚也被光辉（月光）照耀。由此，这正好是耶稣复活光明战胜黑暗的写照。一般人认为安眠曰等同星期曰，即耶稣死而复活的曰子，所以复活节就在每年春分月圆后第一个星期曰进行。（若月圆时正好是星期曰，则在下一周的星期曰进行。） 复活节前曰即复活节前的星期六。在基-督徒心中，是等待耶稣基-督自死中复活的曰子。当曰天主教会不进行弥撒，直到晚上才庆祝基-督战胜罪恶和死亡，为人类带来救恩和希望。 万圣节中英文介绍2016-10-31 15:16 | #2楼 October 31 On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes(节日服装)knock on their neighbors" doors and yell "Trick or Treat" when the door opens. Pirates and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in. As they give each child a treat the neighbors exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the masks. Since the 800"s November 1st is a religious holiday known as All Saints" Day(万圣节). The Mass that was said on this day was called Allhallowmas. The evening before became known as All Hakkiw e"en, or Halloween. Like some other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and Christian customs. October 31 st was the eve of the Celtic(凯尔特人的)new year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year. Much later, when Christianity spread throughout Ireland and October 31 was no longer the last day of the year, Halloween became a celebration mostly for children. "Ghosts" went from door to door asking for treats, or else a trick would be played on the owners of the house. When millions of Irish people immigrated to the United States in the 1840s the tradition came with them. Today" school dances and neighborhood parties called "block parties" are popular among young and old alike. More and more adults celebrate Halloween. They dress up like historical or political figures and go to masquerade parties(化妆舞会). In larger cities, costumed children and their parents gather at shopping malls early in the evening. Stores and businesses give parties with games and treats for the children.Teenagers enjoy costume dances at their schools and the more outrageous the costume the better! Certain pranks(恶作剧)such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage cans are expected. But partying and pranks are not the only things that Halloweeners enjoy doing. Some collect money to buy food and medicine for needy children around the world. Symbols of Halloween Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with black cats, ghosts, goblins(小精灵)and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. They are popular trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows. Black is one of the traditional Halloween colors, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night. In the weeks before October 31, Americans decorate windows of houses and schools with silhouettes(轮廓)of witches and black cats. Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orange-colored squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween color. Carving pumpkins into jack- o"lanterns is a Halloween custom also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so stingy(吝啬的)that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because he was a miser(吝啬鬼). He couldn"t enter hell either because he had played jokes on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgement Day(审判日). The Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips(芜菁根), beets(甜菜根)or potatoes representing "Jack of the Lantern," or Jack-o"lantern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o"-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies(糖果)waiting if they knock and say "Trick or Treat!" Halloween Treats Dried Pumpkin Seeds After carving your pumpkin, separate the pulp from the seeds. Rinse(冲洗)the seeds and spread them out to dry. The next day, add enough melted butter or margarine(人造黄油)to coat each seed. Spread the seeds onto a cookie sheet(甜酥饼干)and bake for 20 minutes in a 300 degree oven for 20 minutes or until they are slightly brown. Caramel Apples Take the pa-pe-r wrapping off about 100 caramels(饴糖)and put them in a saucepan(炖锅). Put the saucepan over a pan of boiling water. Boil the water until the caramels melt. Put a wooden stick into the top of each apple, dip the apple into the caramel. Let them cool on wax pa-pe-r and enjoy! Scary Stories No Halloween party is complete without at least one scary story. Usually one person talks in a low voice while everyone else crowds together on the floor or around a fire. The following is a retelling of a tale told in Britain and in North Carolina and Virginia. "What Do You Come For?" There was an old woman who lived all by herself, and she was very lonely. Sitting in the kitchen one night, she said, "Oh, I wish I had some company." No sooner had she spoken than down the chimney tumbled two feet from which the flesh had rotted. The old woman"s eyes bulged with terror. Then two legs dropped to the hearth and attached themselves to the feet. Then a body tumbled down, then two arms, and a man"s head. As the old woman watched, the parts came together into a great, tall man. The man danced around and around the room. Faster and faster he went. Then he stopped, and he looked into her eyes. "What do you come for? she asked in a small voice that shivered and shook. "What do I come for?" he said. "I come for YOU!" The narrator shouts and jumps at the person near him! 汉译 10 月 31 日10 月 31 日，数十名身穿服装 （节日服装） 的儿童敲他们的邻居门并大声喊着"捣乱"门打开时。海盗、 公主、 鬼和受欢迎英雄的全部持有袋一天打开赶上糖果或邻居放在其他好吃。由于他们给每个儿童治疗邻居过来的服饰，并尝试猜猜是下口罩。 800"S年自 11 月 1 日是称为全部圣徒 Day(万圣节) 一个宗教节日。有人说，这一天的群众被称为日万圣节。前的一天晚上被称为全部 Hakkiw 这会儿或万圣节。像一些其他美国的庆祝活动，它的前身是迷信和基-督教的海关。 10 月 31 日是凯尔特人 (凯尔特人的) 新的一年的前夕。凯尔特人现今的爱尔兰、 威尔士和苏格兰人的祖先。在这一天鬼走和与生活混在一起或凯尔特人这样认为。乡民烤食物成天和夜幕降落时他们装扮，并试图类似于死者的灵魂。希望在新的一年的午夜前将和平地离开了鬼。 很久以后，当基-督教遍布整个爱尔兰，10 月 31 日不再是今年的最终一天，万圣节大 多为儿童成为了庆祝活动。"鬼"去了门到门要求款待状况下，否则业主的房子会演奏的技巧。当数以百万计的爱尔兰人在 1840 年移民到美国的传统也在其中。 今日的学校舞蹈和社区党称为“块”，深受年轻人和老年人一样。越来越多的成年人庆祝万圣节。他们穿着像历史或政治人物去参加化妆舞会（化妆舞会）。在较大的城市，服装的儿童和他们的父母聚集在商场早在晚上。商店和企业赐予当事人和对待竞赛的儿童。青少年享受舞蹈服装在他们的学校和更令人发指的服装的更好！ 某些恶作剧（恶作剧） ，如皂洗车窗和翻倒垃圾桶的预期。但聚会和恶作剧是不是唯一的东西， Halloweeners宠爱做的事情。一些为有需要的儿童在世界各地收集的钱购买食物和药品。 万圣节的标志物 万圣节起源于与邪-恶幽灵相关的庆祝活动。黑猫，鬼怪，妖精（小精灵）和骷髅骑着扫帚飞行的女巫都演化为万圣节的标志物。他们是流行的伎俩或治疗的服装和装饰品，贺卡和窗口。黑色是传统的万圣节颜色，这可能是由于万圣节前夜的传统发生在夜间。在10月31日前的几周内，美国人装饰窗户的房子和学校的巫婆和黑猫的轮廓（轮廓） 。 南瓜也是万圣节的象征。南瓜是一个橙色的南瓜，橘黄色也成了传统的万圣节颜色。雕刻南瓜灯到插孔o"lanterns是一个万圣节传统，其历史也可追溯到爱尔兰。有一个传奇长大，一个名叫Jack的是谁这么小气（吝啬的） ，他没有进入天堂，当他死了，由于他是一个守财奴（吝啬鬼） 。也不能进入地狱，所以，他扮演的取笑魔鬼。因此，他的灯笼，直到审判日那天，杰克不得不走的地球（审判日） 。爱尔兰人雕刻成可怕的面孔来的萝卜（芜菁根） ，甜菜（甜菜根），土豆代表“杰克的灯笼”，或杰克o"lantern的。当爱尔兰人带来了他们的美国海关，刻面南瓜，由于在美国秋天，他们比芜菁更充分。今日南瓜灯笼，万圣节之夜的一所房子的窗户让盛装装扮的孩子们都知道有好东西（糖果）等，假如他们敲门，说：“给糖就捣蛋！ ” 万圣狂欢 南瓜种子 你的南瓜雕刻后，从种子中分别出纸浆。清洗（冲洗）和传播他们的种子干。其次天，添加足够溶化的奶油或人造奶油（人造黄油）掩盖各种子。种子传播到一个cookie表（甜酥饼干）和烘烤在300度的烤箱20分钟， 20分钟或直到他们是淡棕色。 焦糖苹果 走纸包装约100焦糖（饴糖） ，并把它们放在一个锅里（炖锅） 。将平底锅里用开水一盘。煮沸的水，直到焦糖溶化。把一根木棒到每一个苹果的顶部，到焦糖蘸苹果。让他们冷静蜡纸和享受！ 可怕的故事 无万圣节派对至少有一个可怕的故事是不完整的。通常，一个人谈判，用低沉的声音，而其他人都挤在地板上或在篝火旁。以下是在英国和北卡罗莱纳州和弗吉尼亚州的一个传奇故事的改写。 你怎么来？“ 有一个老女人谁住自己全部的，她很孤独。在厨房里坐了一晚，她说， “哦，我想我有一些公司。 ” 她刚说比下降的烟囱下跌2英尺，已经腐烂的肉。老妇人的眼睛凸出恐怖。 两条腿下降的壁炉和重视自己的脚。 然后，身体上跌落下来，然后两只胳膊，和一个男人的头。 由于老妇人的注视下，部分成为一个宏大的，身材高大的人走到了一起。该男子跳舞一圈又 一圈的房间。速度越来越快，他去了。然后，他停了下来，他看着她的眼睛。 “你怎么来的？她问一个细小的声音颤抖着，震撼。 “我该怎么来的？”他说。 “我来给你！” 解说员长啸，跳动在他身边的人！15