万圣节的由来和习俗（英文版）.docx

万圣节的由来和习俗（英文版）双语阅读：万圣节的习俗和来源（一） 万圣节立即就要到了，各种南瓜灯、稻草人等万圣节的装饰和符号代表的意思你都知道吗？万圣节又是在什么时候起源的？为什么在这个节日里，我们必读得买糖果和盛装装扮呢？下面的雅思双语阅读材料将为大家详细解答这些问题，一起来看看吧！ Halloween as we know it today bears little resemblance tothe Roman harvest festivals especially celebrated the appleharvest. 如今为大众所周知的万圣节与曾经古罗马的丰收节略有相像之处。当时丰收节这节日是特地为庆祝苹果树的大丰收而建立的。 The name Halloween comes from the 1500s, and is avariation on “All-Hallows-Even”, the night before All SaintsDay, or All Hallows Day.? As with many things, the CatholicChurch had a holiday to coincide with a pagan celebration.? 万圣节名字的由来大约在1500年月。是由“All-Hallows-Even”演化而来。在天下圣徒之日（All Saints Day）即万圣节的前夕，天主教的教堂会以一个异教徒为批判对象进行一次集会。这就是万圣节的起源 So what do witches, ghosts, goblins, and the like have to dowith all this history? Read on to find out. 但是巫师、幽灵、鬼怪和其他诸类事物又对这段历史产生了怎样的影响？让我接着往下读。 Corn Husks and Stalks of Wheat 谷壳和小麦的茎干 The significance of corn husks and stalks of wheat is prettystraightforward.? Halloween comes in the autumn, the traditionalfestival celebrated the end of summer and the end of theharvest, so these images are meant to represent the end ofharvest and the beginning of winter.? Corn and wheat are symbols of agricultural change, and the change of the seasons.? 稻谷的外壳还有小麦的茎干所传达的意思是特殊鲜亮的。万圣节深受在秋季时分庆祝夏日离去、丰收结束的传统节日的影响。所以谷壳和麦茎就是在传达着丰收的喜讯还有冬季即将到来的消息。稻谷和小麦是全部农作物从耕种到丰收阶段的变化，同时也在向人们传递着四季交替的信息。 The Colors Orange and Black 主打橙色和黑色 The colors orange and black are most likely further representations of the time of year, rather than any Halloweenlore or mythology.? The color orange likely represents autumn,when the leaves change from green and orange pumpkins areripe for the picking.? As mentioned earlier, the Celtic festivalmarked the transition between “light” days and “dark” days so the black likely represents those dark days of winter whenthere are fewer daylight hours to attend to the fields and crops.?Of course, the modern secular Halloween retailers have certainlypushed the orange-and-black as official colors of Halloween, sosuch an explanation seems weak, but its true.? Sorry, to quotesome movie somewhere, “orange is the new black.”? Or pink.?Or something. 万圣节之所以是橙色和黑色作为主打色，很可能是由于在某种深层次的角度而言，这俩颜色象征了一年之中季节的变化，没必要把颜色的问题上升到学术或者奇妙学的高度来探讨。橙色很可能象征着秋季。当叶子从绿色变成了橘黄色，南瓜也是如此，好像在提示人们“我已经成熟啦，快来采我吧”。在更早一些的年份，古代的凯尔特文化下的节日把时间标记为“白色”和“黑色”。而“黑色”代表的就是冬季的时间，由于凯尔特文化发源于北爱尔兰，众所周知秋冬交际，太阳向南回归线移动，白天的时间短了，自然而然，黑色成为了冬季的代表色。现在万圣节时期零售商们售卖的流行玩具大体都是这两种色调。尽管你可能会觉得关于主打色的解释有点牵强，但这可是真的。 Spiders 蜘蛛 As we move more into the “spooky” tales of the Halloweensymbol, well start with spiders.? Go to a Halloween party andyoure sure to see fake spider webs spread all over the place.?Forgoing a discussion of any potential mystical qualities a spidermight have (because, ew), it is significant that spiders weavewebs, which has long been associated with the passing of time,progress, and fate.? OK, so maybe thats a little mystical too.?All in all, though, the spiders spinning of its web is a great natural representation of the cycle of life a spider spins its web,bugs fly into the web, nourish the spider, etc.? Also, spiders likedusty, dark places. 当我们一想起无奇不有的万圣节时，蜘蛛总是不行或缺的。假如你去参加一个万圣节晚会，我敢保证你能在墙上看到任凭布置的假蜘蛛网。摒弃一切关于蜘蛛的潜在的神话故事，我想蜘蛛之所以消逝在万圣节的舞台很可能是由于它编织的蜘蛛网，让人联想到了时间的消逝，生活的前进，还有命运的不行预知。好吧，我承认，讲到这里就有点奇妙感了。总而言之呢，蜘蛛织网的行径在自然界是象征生命循环的宏大代表蜘蛛编织它的网，昆虫粘在网上，成为蜘蛛的大餐等等，同时，蜘蛛宠爱满是灰尘而又黑暗的地方。 原创专题推举： 更多雅思阅读学习材料： 双语新闻：英国推出“防僵尸木屋” 万圣节也醉了（图） 双语阅读：听音乐可以提高工作效率 双语阅读：万圣节的习俗和来源(二)2016-10-30 17:55 | #2楼 智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料 双语阅读：万圣节的习俗和来源（二） 万圣节立即就要到了，各种南瓜灯、稻草人等万圣节的装饰和符号代表的意思你都知道吗？万圣节又是在什么时候起源的？为什么在这个节日里，我们必读得买糖果和盛装装扮呢？ 双语阅读：万圣节的习俗和来源（一） Bats 蝙蝠 Bats are nocturnal?creatures, so its natural that a celebration about the end of the light seasons and the beginningof the dark ones would incorporate them.? Additionally, in theold days Halloween meant big bonfires, which draw mosquitoesand moths, which would in turn draw bats,。Also, once vampirelegends made their way into Halloween folklore, the position ofthe bat was set since it was thought that vampires couldtransform into bats.? 蝙蝠是昼伏夜出的动物。庆祝丰收原本就是在白色季节（秋季）的结束和黑色季节（冬季）的开头期间。于是蝙蝠自然而然成为“步入夜色”的代表动物。除此之外，万圣节曾经流行的庆祝方式是在篝火旁进行。这样无疑吸引了许多蚊子和蛾子，因此也间接吸引来了蝙蝠。同时，吸血鬼传奇一度曾是民间最流行的热点话题。自从古人认定吸血鬼能够变成蝙蝠在天空中飘舞的时候，蝙蝠在人们心中的地位便再也无法动摇了。 Black Cats 黑猫 OK, so while Halloween started out to be about the end ofharvest, etc., there are some ancient cultures who also believedthat, on Halloween night, the veil between the living world andthe spirit world was, if not lifted entirely, at least a little thinner.?Ancient Celtic religions taught that cats were reincarnated soulsof humans, and that they were able to see the future.? Also, itwas thought (as mentioned earlier) that witches could turn intocats.? Truth be told, most single ladies were thought to be witches, and, just like today, many of the single ladies had?cats.? So, in the 1600s or so, the local cat lady would have probablybeen tried for witchcraft. 大众普遍接受的是万圣节是由庄家丰收之后举办的庆祝活动演化而来，但照旧还有一些远古的文化被人们所接受：在万圣节的晚上，人间和冥界的关系会发生微妙的变化，即使两者没有实际上联通，但还是有可能通过某种方式来接触的。古代凯尔特宗教认为，猫是能够被人类的灵魂所附体。通过猫的眼睛，我们可以看到将来。而且在此之前，人们还认为巫师能够附体在猫的身上。实话说，当时许多单身的女士被看作是女巫。就算时至今日，许多单身的女士还是会养猫相伴，所以在十五世纪，养着猫的单身女士都被认定其具有某种可怕的巫术。 Skeletons 骷髅 The Druids and the Celts believed that the skull was the“psychic seat” of the human soul.? All in all, skulls and skeletons are associated with Halloween because they representthe end of the physical part of life, something that is connectedto Halloween both because of the death of the “light” seasonsand because of the perceived connection to the spirit realm. 以前的祭司和凯尔特人信任头骨是人类灵魂的借居地。总的来说头骨和骷髅之所以与万圣节有关是由于他们代表着生命在肉体层面的消亡。这与万圣节是在庆祝白色季节（秋季）的终结之意在精神层面而言，又是不谋而合。 Ghosts 鬼怪 The idea of ghost plays into this idea that Halloween night isthe one night that the spirits of the ancestors are able to walkamong the living.? 人们认为在万圣节之夜，那些死去的人的鬼魂能够在人间游走。目的不用多说，确定是在找还魂的机会！ Masks and Costumes 面具和服饰 Speaking of ghosts, what is Halloween without costumesBack in Celtic times, it was thought that if you could trick thespirit, the spirit would refrain from bothering you about peskythings like tributes and respect.? On a night that the “veil” between the spirit world and the natural world was so thin, itsbest to pretend to be someone else.? In the 1950s, trick-or treating became all the rage in the United States (can you believeit was that late?) 一说起鬼怪，万圣节不能缺少的当然是鬼怪的服饰啦！追溯到凯尔特时期，凯尔特人认为假如你能够戏弄鬼魂，那么它将不再有胆识去骚扰你，反而会更加敬重你。在万圣节当晚，人间和冥界的隔膜会变得特殊单薄，防止鬼上身的最好的方法就是戴上面具假装成另一只鬼。1950年后，“不款待就使坏”的习俗才开头在美国流行起来。（你能想象到这种习俗竟然是近代的产物？） Pumpkin lanterns 南瓜灯 Originally, the beggars put candles inside them to light theirway from house to house to beg and pray.? Eventually, the tradition changed to carving pumpkins, and Jack-o-Lanterns aswe know them were born.? One legend sticks out above allothers in regards to the Jack-o-lantern tradition.? An Irishmannamed “Stingy Jack” was a?drunk?and a prankster, and hemanaged to make both God and the Devil angry.? He died, andneither heaven nor hell wanted him, so he was stuck wanderingaround on earth.? He carried a turnip, hollowed out, with a candle inside, to light his way, and to keep him from knocking ontheir door, the Irish would carve scary jack-o-lanterns to put around their houses to keep him away. Or, so they believed, anda tradition was born. 最初，乞讨者们把南瓜扣个洞，然后放进蜡烛用来照明，以此能够在晚上向人家行乞或者是替他们祷告。最终，该传统慢慢演化成了雕刻南瓜，杰克·奥的南瓜灯由此诞生。这里有个传奇，曾经有个叫做“有次的杰克”的爱尔兰人是个地道的酒鬼，也是个爱搞恶作剧的人。最终他的行径惹怒了上帝和魔鬼。他死了之后，天堂和地狱都不情愿收留他，他只能游走于尘世之间，夜幕低垂时分，他就把大南瓜抠个大洞，并将点燃的蜡烛放置其中以此照明，去敲每家每户的大门。爱尔兰人为了能够驱除走杰克，都在自家门口做同样的南瓜。做南瓜灯的传统因此诞生 。 原创专题推举： 万圣节的由来起源英文版2016-10-30 8:27 | #3楼 万圣节的由来-中英双语/r/n 罗伯特·布里奇 Robert Bridges - A School Portrait/r/n 我已有多年未访问伊顿公学;当有一天从Fellows Library 1 经过进入陈设室时，我看到我的校友Digby Dolben 2 的肖像与我们这个时代最卓越的人的肖像挂在了一起。我完全被吸引住了，而当我驻足凝视它时，我的同伴问我是否知道他是谁。我想，除了几个我记得起名字的人之外，我几乎确定是唯一知道的人了。少年时代的遥远记忆就像才发生一样向我分散而来：他又一次站在我身旁，年轻、踌躇满志;我仿佛能听到他的声音，他一点也没变;然而，当我被关于他的时间之雾包围时，我惊奇他会怎么想，他是否知道在他去世30年后的这一刻，他的记忆会因此得以保存并受人仰慕，就在这所名校中，在他微妙的灵魂一度被惊异地困扰的地方。/r/n 这个老伊顿同学肖像的陈设馆中挂出的肖像是经过精挑细选的：出身显赫、品德珍贵可以为你在那赢得一个席位，或者在毕业后与学校有官方上的联系他们热衷于维持师生之间不变的全景画，热衷于让那些与继承学校传统的面貌形象有关的校史记录保持鲜活。但，Dolben的肖像为什么会在那呢?由于他是一个诗人?这我知道，但他的诗歌鲜为人知，都被家人和少数几个伴侣当心翼翼地保存了起来。即使这些数量稀有的作品能入得了负责选择肖像的权威人士的法眼，也并不足以让他名列其中。还有另外一个缘由，肖像就是一种证明的效力，或许你无法看出他是诗人，但你却可以看到圣人的特质：灵魂沉醉于深思、纯洁无暇、对崇高理想满怀热忱与献身精神。这样的特征确定使他在同龄人中出类拔萃;他的生活经受足以让我们信任他是一位天赋秉异的才人。而当他的英年早逝洗净了记忆的尘埃并唤醒了世人的宠爱之时，吝爱的悲悯将会慷慨的赐予他未曾拥有的桂冠。/r/n 注：/r/n 1 Fellows Library位于剑桥高校耶稣学院，建于1676-77 年。/r/n 2 Digby Dolben，罗伯特·布里奇的堂兄弟，英国诗人，于1867年6月28日溺水而卒。 Robert Bridges 译文赏析：/r/n 1、原文：“Far memories of my boyhood were crowding freshly upon me: he was standing again/r/n beside me in the eager promise of his youth。”/r/n 译文：“少年时代的遥远记忆就像才发生一样向我分散而来：他又一次站在我身旁，年轻、踌躇满志。“/r/n 这句翻译的很好。首先，作者把 ”freshly“ 译为”像才发生一样“，而我认为这一点比刘士聪先生译为”鲜活地涌进“更为合理。在汉语里用“鲜活地”显得很惊异，由于“鲜活地”修饰后面的动作“涌进”，涌进不能说是“鲜活”，只能说是“快速地”或者“大量地”。其次，”in the eager promise of his youth”译为“年轻、踌躇满志”也很奇异。译者并没有死板得依据英文的语法挨次，而事实上这样做也根本行不通。把 ”youth” 译为汉语中的“年轻”，名词转化为形容词，而“eager promise”在理解意义的基础上找出对应的汉语四字结构，既语义精确，又没有丢掉英文的文笔。刘士聪先生译为“焕发着青春的风采”，显得有些平淡无味。/r/n 2、原文：while I, wrap from him in a confused mist of time, was wondering what he would think, could he know that at this actual moment he would have been dead thirty years, and that his memory would be thus preserved and honored in the beloved school, where his delicate spirit had been so strangely troubled./r/n 译文：然而，当我被关于他的时间之雾包围时，我惊奇他会怎么想，他是否知道在他去世30年后的这一刻，他的记忆会因此得以保存并受人仰慕，就在这所名校中，在他微妙的灵魂一度被惊异地困扰的地方。/r/n 我认为这部分翻译的有失妥当，可以参照刘士聪先生译文：“同时我在寻思着，由于与他之间相隔一段犹如迷雾的年月，假如他知道在这一时刻他已经死了三十年，他可爱的母校在以这样的方式纪念他，给他这样高的荣誉，而他上学时，他脆弱的心灵曾经莫名其妙地苦恼过，他会作怎样的感想呢?”/r/n 试译：而我与他相隔迷雾般萦绕的时间，寻思假如他知道此时他已逝世三十年，并被他所深爱的母校他的脆弱灵魂曾感受无端困惑的地方缅怀和仰慕，他会怎么想。/r/n 3、原文：which right loves to keep up an unbroken panorama of its teachers, and to vivify its annals with the faces and figures of the personalities who carried on its traditions./r/n 译文：他们热衷于维持师生之间不变的全景画，热衷于让那些与继承学校传统的面貌形象有关的校史记录保持鲜活。/r/n 这一句话译者自己也没有理解原文意思，所以翻译出来就更加抽象难懂。可以参照刘士聪译文：“而校方也希望完整地再现老师队伍的全貌，使那些保持了学校传统的名人形象构成的校史有生气。”/r/n 【13