高考英语完形填空基本解题技巧指导[课件].ppt

衡阳县第一中学高三教师衡阳县第一中学高三教师 廖龙梅廖龙梅完形填空完形填空1 近年高考完形填空题型特点1.以叙以叙为主为主,叙议结合叙议结合;2.篇章短小篇章短小,意义完整意义完整;3.首句完整首句完整,主题明确主题明确;4.结构清晰结构清晰,层次分明层次分明;5.考查语境考查语境,侧重辨析侧重辨析;6.实词为主实词为主,虚词为辅虚词为辅;7.逻辑推理逻辑推理,隐于语篇隐于语篇;8.常识语法常识语法,每年出现。每年出现。2四大要素四大要素 词汇词汇 逻辑逻辑语法语法 常识常识 一个主题一个主题 +语境语境3完形填空解题步骤完形填空解题步骤通览通览-试填试填-复核复核 1 通览通览-速度全文，把握大意速度全文，把握大意 快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。情节、写作风格等等。2 试填试填-紧扣文意，瞻前顾后紧扣文意，瞻前顾后 先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。等多个角度进行综合考虑。43 复核复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯，全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确用词准确 试试填填后，要把全文再通读一遍后，要把全文再通读一遍，注，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。整、首尾呼应。5考生易失分之处考生易失分之处：一、忽视行文逻辑，断章取义，一、忽视行文逻辑，断章取义，就题论题。就题论题。二、脱离语境，滥用固定搭配。二、脱离语境，滥用固定搭配。三、缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解三、缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解 中西文化的差异。中西文化的差异。62.注意句与句、段与段之间的起承转合，把握事件注意句与句、段与段之间的起承转合，把握事件发生、发展的顺序和内在联系及文章中的连接词准发生、发展的顺序和内在联系及文章中的连接词准确判断逻辑关系。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻确判断逻辑关系。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如平行关系、转折关系、让步关辑关系的理解，如平行关系、转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。比关系等。一、行文逻辑一、行文逻辑1.充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词和句。这些词可能是原词、同根词、提示作用的词和句。这些词可能是原词、同根词、同义词、近义词、反义词或概括词的复现。同义词、近义词、反义词或概括词的复现。7 1).When I entered Berkeley,I hoped to earn a scholarship The last hurdle(障碍障碍)was the final.No matter what 48 I got,it wouldnt cancel three C-pluses.I might as well kiss the 49 goodbye.I was speechless when my course grade arrived:A-plus.It was the only A-plus given.The next year I received my scholarship.Ive always remembered Professor Jaynes lesson:you alone must set your own standard of excellence.(2008北京卷北京卷)48.A.grade B.answer C.lesson D.comment49.A.scholarship B.course C.degree D.subject 82)(2005NMET)My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling 36 ,but I always knew he was 37 .36.A.biologist B.manager C.lawyer D.gardener37.A.strict B.honest C.special D.learned he never criticized us,but used 38(praise)to bring out our best father said:“when I was 23,my dad persuaded me to go into law”.91).Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain.When I finally got to my office,I was 47 through,exhaust-ed and 48 .(2008山东卷山东卷)47).A.wet B.weak C.sick D.hurt48).A.ashamed B.discouraged C.surprised D.puzzled 102)When I took the first exam,I was 38 to find a 77,C-plus,on my test paper,39 English was my best subject.I went to Professor Jayne,Who listened to my arguments but remained 40 .(2008北京卷)38.A.shocked B.worried C.scared D.anxious 39.A.but B.so C.for D.or 40.A.unchanged B.unpleasant C.unfriendly D.unmoved113）.Jenna,a popular girl from Westwood Middle School,had graduate first in her class and was ready for new 16 in high school.17 ,high school was different.(2008天津卷)16.A.processes B.decisions C.challenges D.exercises17.A.Therefore B.However C.Otherwise D.Besides121).Many old people dont have good _.They cant watch TV,but they can listen to music or news over the radio.A.hearing B.health C.eyesight D.time2)At first nothing happened,_ suddenly a large rat rushed out of the A.and B.or C.so D.then3).In particular,there was (and perhaps still is)a belief in fairies(仙女仙女).Not all of these 21 are the friendly,people-loving characters that appear in Disney films,and in some folktales they are 22 and cause much human suffering.This is true in the tales about the Changeling.These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 24 to the parents.(2008广东卷广东卷)21.A.babies B.believers C.fairies D.supermen22.A.powerful B.cruel C.frightened D.extraordinary23.A.sick B.slim C.short D.small24.A.uncomfortable B.unbelievable C.unaccepted D.unrecognizable C.D.C.B.A.D.134）.One evening,a passer-by asked to 23 for the night.Seeing that he had an 24 face,she let him in and gave him a nice 25 .The next morning the strangerOne day another man 33 her door.This one did not look trustworthy to her,34 she asked who he was (2008陕西卷陕西卷)23.A.stay B.live C.hide D.lie 24.A.interesting B.honest C.anxious D.angry 25.A.gift B.kiss C.treat D.smile 33.A.stepped B.left for C.stopped at D.walked around 34.A.so B.but C.although D.becauseABCCA14二、固定搭配二、固定搭配2.同义词、近义词、形近词的辨析同义词、近义词、形近词的辨析及转换词的辨析。及转换词的辨析。1.注意固定搭配中动词与介词的搭配、注意固定搭配中动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等的搭配等;同时要根据内容选择正确的同时要根据内容选择正确的答案。答案。15 1).A woman in her sixties lived alone in her little cottage with a pear tree at the door.She spent all her time taking care of the tree.But the children nearby drove her 21 by making fun of her.They would climb her tree and then run away with pears,22 “Aunty Misery”at her.(2008年陕西卷)21.A.hopeless B.painful C.dull D.crazy22.A.calling B.shouting C.announcing D.whispering16 2).On the road of life,the help of strangers can 37 our loads and lift our spirits (2008年年重庆卷重庆卷)37.A.move B.increasing C.lighten D.carry 3).I 40 to be one of the people on the way to work that morning.I went from subway line to subway line to find that most(service)41had stopped.(2008年年山东卷山东卷)40.A.used B.promised C.deserved D.happened171).It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang.Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time.A.cooking B.making C.burning D.serving 2).Marl _ down and helped the boy pike up these articles.A.fell B.sat C.lay D.knelt3).Bob had made a“motherhood contract”declaring that for 70 days this summer he would _ the care of their four children and all the housework.A.stick to B.set about C.think about D.take over 4).When it was 5:00 pm,I was ready to go home.I was about to turn off my computer 49 I received an email from Garth,my Director:49.A.while B.when C.where D.afterBDDB181).The technique Mootee uses to treat people with OCD is called cognitive-behavioral therapy(认知行为疗法认知行为疗法).“It is based on the general idea that people have the ability to change the 45 they think and behave,”says Mootee.45.A.way B.method C.solution D.means2).“Give me a hand,”he shouted _ he got near the boat.A.while B.till C.for D.as19change the 45 they think and behave.change the way(in which/that)they think and behave.Eg.There is no _ you could ever do it.A.Way B.money C.one D.ideaThere is no way(in which/that)you could ever do it.203).Given the right tools,we can train our brains to act like what they did when we were younger.All thats 50 is the practice designed for the purpose:a few exercises for the mind.50.A.required B.inquired C.acquired D.requested 4).When Saturday night came,I was luckily 39 the tables not far from the kitchen.40 ,I still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays(托盘).(2008年全国卷I)39.A.left B.given C.brought D.shown40.A.Therefore B.However C.Otherwise D.Finally_me the tables21 1).Such patients can be extremely good at something else.From the changing expressions on speakers faces and the tones of their _,they can tell lies from truths.A.sounds B.noises C.voices D.shouts 2).When Friday finally arrived,I had to 46 Cassies Egg One looked pretty good.47 ,my Egg-cellent Egg didnt look quiet scientific.We kids carried our conditions up three stadium steps and dropped them over the side wall (2008年全国卷I)46A.explain B.deny C.admit D.prove 47.A.Therefore B.Anyway C.Otherwise D.Besides 3).That day he told his father 10 (what)he had been waiting to hear that he wanted to study with a new teacher,11 that point on,everything turned around.(2007年年辽宁卷辽宁卷)11.A.From B.At C.Since D.AfterCCBA22三、文化背景和生活常识三、文化背景和生活常识完形填空试题的阅读材料常以自身的完形填空试题的阅读材料常以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间渗透内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间渗透着各种相关的常识，从人文科学到历着各种相关的常识，从人文科学到历史、地理知识等。我们在做题时，要史、地理知识等。我们在做题时，要积极地调动自己所掌握的文化背景和积极地调动自己所掌握的文化背景和生活常识，注意中西文化的差异，并生活常识，注意中西文化的差异，并巧妙地运用文化背景和生活常识，从巧妙地运用文化背景和生活常识，从而大大的简化分析与判断过程。而大大的简化分析与判断过程。231).she was competing against very talented girls,and she knew it would be 18 for her to be selected.Two hours later,the 19 read a list of the girls for a second tryout (2008年天津卷)18.A.difficult B.easy C.boring D.interesting 19.A.editor B.boss C.candidate D.judge2).I was a single parent of four small children,working at a low-paid job.Money was always tight,but we had a 36 over our heads,food on the table,clothes on our backs,and if not a lot,always 37 (2008年辽宁卷)36.A.roof B.hat C.sky D.star37.A.little B.less C.enough D.more243).High school was just as her mom had said:“You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 34 a big fish in a small pond.”(2008年天津卷)34.A.in return for B.in case of C.in terms of D.instead of25D1).“Did I do something(wrong)38?Dont you love me(any more)39 .Mom?”were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I 40 asked him what was wrong.4o.A.interesting B.bitterly C.politely D.laughingly2).I needed him to see what I could do.My father would stand there in his suit,the 31 person not in swimsuit.31.A.next B.only C.other D.last3).The space is to left to let the rail expand when it gets _ A.wet B.cold C.hot D.dry 4).you the international dateline.By agreement,this is the point where a new day .A.see B.cross C.are D.are stopped .A.is coming B.is discovered C.is invented D.begins 5).It was an early morning in summer.In the streets,sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly,heading towards their _.A.jobs B.homes C.houses D.officesBCBDA26巧解完形填空巧解完形填空高分技巧高分技巧一、研究首尾找主题二、上下联系寻信息三、左顾右盼找搭配四、思前想后觅逻辑五、语境分析辨词义六、集中精力破难题七、回读检查补漏洞27备战完形填空能力必备一、快速阅读能力二、词汇辨析能力三、词汇搭配的理解能力四、逻辑推断能力五、运用常识能力六、揣测作者意图的能力28如何提高能力技巧如何提高能力技巧一、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）二、打好语法基础（固定搭配）三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好五、多做多练，以提高实战能力29