定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂8643.pdf

定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：一、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如：1误：Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 正：Some of the boys I invited didnt come 译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。析：应删去 them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的 whom，who 或 that。?2误：The book that you need it is in the library 正：The book that you need is in the library 译：你需要的书在图书馆里。析：应删去 it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词 that。二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如：?1误：Anyone who break the law will be punished 正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished 译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。析：应改 break 为 breaks，因为 who 指 anyone，是单数。?2误：Those who has finished may go home 正：Those who have finished may go home 译：做完了的人现在可以回家。析：应改 has 为 have，因为 who 指 those，是复数。?3误：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school 正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school 译：他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。析：应改 know 为 knows，因为 one 前有 the only 之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰 的是 the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词 the teachers。?4误：This is one of the rooms that is free now 正：This is one of the rooms that are free now 译：这是目前空着的房间之一。析：应改 is 为 are，因为 one 前没有 the only 之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数 the rooms，而不是单数 one。三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如：1误：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 正：Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 译：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。析：应加上关系代词 who 或 that，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。?2误：The key opens the bike is missing 正：The key thatwhich opens the bike is missing 译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。析：应加上关系代词 that 或 which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如：1误：The house where he lives in needs repairing 正：The house where he lives needs repairing 或：The house he lives in needs repairing 译：他住的房子需要修理。析：应保留 where，删去从句中的 in，因为关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语，in 属多余。或删去关系副词 where，因为 where 在这里的意思是 in which，否则介词 in 就重复了。2误：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing 正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing 或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing 译：我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。析：应删去 on，因为 when 在这里的意思是 on which，否则介词 on 就重复了，或把 when改为 which。?五、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。1误：I still remember the day when we spent together 正：I still remember the day thatwhich we spent together 译：我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。析：应改 when 为 that 或 which，因为从句中谓语动词 spent 是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。?2误：This is the house where we lived in last year 正：This is the house whichthat we lived in last year 译：这是我们去年住过的那个房子。析：应改 where 为 which 或 that，因为从句谓语动词 lived 后有介词 in，其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。六、在先行词 reason 后错用关系副词 why。如：1误：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？正：Have you asked her for the reason thatwhich may explain her absence？译：你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因？析：应改 why 为 that 或 which，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。2误：I dont believe the reason why he has given for his being late 正：I dont believe the reason thatwhich he has given for his being late 译：我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。析：应改 why 为 that 或 which，因为从句谓语动词 has given 后缺少宾语，而不是缺少原因状语。七、误将强调句型当定语从句。如：1误：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out 正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out 译：大火发生在厨房。析：应将 where 改 that，因为原句还原为 The fire broke out in the kitchen 后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。?2误：Was it because it snowed last night when you didnt come？正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didnt come？译：你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来？析：应将 when 改为 that，因为，原句还原为 Because it snowed last night，you didnt come后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型而非定语从句。