2023年山东考研英语考试真题卷.docx

2023年山东考研英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.According to the passage, the most ambitious effort to control pollution_A：Acould help improve the local economyB：Bwill be financially supported by the truckersC：Cmay depend on independent contractorsD：Dwill upgrade all the trucks to reduce pollution2.The reforms threaten the port's competitiveness in that_A：Athe truckers' unionization would raise the cost of the portsB：Btruckers working at the docks are price-takersC：Cthe Teamsters' union would have little bargaining powerD：Denvironmental groups are not enthusiastic about the plans3.Humor, which ought to give rise to only the most light-hearted and gay feelings, can often stir up vehemence and animosity. Evidently it is dearer to us than we realize. Men will take almost any kind of criticism except the observation that they have no sense of humour. A man will admit to being a coward or a liar or a thief or a poor mechanic or a bad swimmer, but tell him he as a dreadful sense of humour and you might as well have slandered his mother. Even if he is civilized enough to pretend to make light of your statement, he will still secretly believe that he has not only a good sense of humour but are superior to most. He has, in other words, a completely blind spot on the subject. This is all the more surprising when you consider that not one man in ten million can give you any kind of intelligent answer as to what humour is or why he laughs.A：One day when I was about twelve years old, it occurred to me to wonder about the phenomenon of laughter. At first I thought it is easy enough to see what I laugh at and why I am amused, but why at such times do I open my mouth and exhale in jerking gasps and wrinkle up my eyes and throw back my head and halloo like an animal? Why do I not instead rap four times on the top of my head or whistle or whirl about?B：That was over twenty years ago and I am still wondering, except that I now no longer even take my first assumption for granted, I no longer clearly understand why I laugh at what amuses me nor why things are amusing. I have illustrious company in my confusion, of course, Many of the great minds of history have brought their power of concentration to bear on the mystery of humour, and, to date, their conclusions are so contradictory and ephemeral that they cannot possibly be classified as scientific.C：Many definitions of the comic are incomplete and many are simply rewording of things we already4.The writer feels that the answer to the mystery of humour given by the great minds of history is_A：A dispassionateB：B unsatisfactoryC：C satisfactoryD：D intelligent5.The word "rutabagas" is inserted in Para. 4 to_A：A support the writer's opinion on Aristotle's explanation of humourB：B show his agreement with Aristotle's definitionC：C explain Aristotle's definition of the ridiculousD：D prove that the ridiculous is that which is incongruous but represents neither danger nor pain6.The paragraph following will most likely discuss_A：A the writer's intelligent definition of humourB：B more theories about the mystery of laughterC：C why there is humourD：D the mystery of humour7.The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your body's ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foodsfruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoesis the body's best weapon in thwarting many health-related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones.A：Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. "The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now," says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research.B：The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skel8._ percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles.A：A 30-40B：B 40-50C：C 50-60D：D 60-709.According to the passage, cancers may take some healthy steps other than_A：A stop smokingB：B exercise regularlyC：C take non-fat dietD：D control their weight10.To understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky. Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth. Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere. As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth's axis of rotation. This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth. Thus the stars were called fixed stars.A：The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had an independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars. The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.B：The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky. The moon, however, changes its position relatively rapidly. Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so. The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from th11.Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon?A：A The moon and the sun are moving in the same plane.B：B The moon revolved along the ecliptic.C：C The moon moves faster than the sun.D：D The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour's time.12.It is stated in astrology that_A：A the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motionB：B the sun was moving westward around the skyC：C the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every weekD：D the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun13.All the other five planets_A：A always appear near the path of the sunB：B are moving in a way more complicated than the earth doesC：C aren't moving around the sun as independently as the earth doesD：D are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does14.There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service_1_(VSO)for young people before they take up full-time employment,_2_ there are opportunities for overseas service for_3_ technicians in developing countries. Some people,_4_ those who retire early,_5_ their technical and business skills in countries_6_ there is a special need.A：So in considering voluntary or _7_ community service, there are more opportunities than there _8_ were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time _9_, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations， and values may be different. _10_ some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not _11_ them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different _12_, both personal and _13_. One should not join them _14_ to arm them with professional experience; they must be joined with commitment to the _15_, not business efficiency. Because salaries are _16_ or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expense. But many retired people take part in community service for _17_, simply because they enjoy the work.B：Many community activities possible _18_ retiremen15.The term massage therapy (also called massage, for short; massage also refers to an individual treatment session) covers a group of practices and techniques. There are over 80 types of massage therapy. In all of them, therapists press, rub, and otherwise manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body, often varying pressure and movement. They most often use their hands and fingers, but may use their forearms, elbows, or feet. Typically, the intent is to relax the soft tissues, increase delivery of blood and oxygen to the massaged areas, warm them, and decrease pain.A：Massage therapy dates back thousands of years. References to massage have been found in ancient writings from many cultures, including those of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Japan, China, Egypt, and the Indian subcontinent. In the United States, massage therapy first became popular and was promoted for a variety of health purposes starting in the mid-1800s. In the 1930s and 1940s, however, massage fell out of favor, mostly because of scientific and technological advances in medical treatments. Interest in massage revived in the 1970s, especially among athletes.B：More recently, a 2002 national survey on Americans' use of CAM (published in 2004) found that 5 percent of the 31,000 participants had used massage therapy in the preceding 12 months, and 9.3 percent had ever used it. According to recent reviews, people use massage for a wide variety of health-related intents: for example, to relieve pain (often from musculoskeletal conditions, but from other conditions as well); rehabilitate sports injurie16.Which one of the following statements is true about the history of massage?A：It has a history of about several hundred yearB：It is only found in ancient Asia countries like China and JapanC：It lost its popularity after 1970s because of medical advanceD：It had twists and turns in its development in17.In the survey mentioned in paragraph 3, we know that 9.3 percent of the participants_A：used massage therapy in 2002B：used massage therapy in 2004C：had used massage therapy at least onceD：used massage therapy in 200118.Paragraph 4 is mainly concerned about_A：side effects and risks of massage therapyB：safety of massage therapyC：cautions that the therapists need to followD：the training processes of a qualified therapists19.From the passage, we know that the study of massage_A：have not got started yetB：needs more research on therapy practiceC：cannot explain therapy practice at allD：can provide full explanations for therapy practice20.It's never too early or too late for a parent to become a teacher. In this age of teacher accountability, endless school testing, increased pressure and competition, and the proliferation of "educational" toys, too many people forget that success begins at home.A：Freeman Hrabowski , president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and co-author of Beating the Odds: Raising Academically Successful African American Males and Overcoming the Odds: Raising Academically Successful African American Young Women, says that in the interviews he and his co-authors conducted, the overwhelming factor in their children's academic achievement was that parents inspired and envisioned their children's success. They thought and talked about what would be required to have a .successful child.B：It just makes such a difference when there's someone in that house working to relate to that child and inspire that child," Hrabowski says. "These parents (of the high achievers discussed) are really inspirational in their commitment to their children."C：Professor Barbara T. Bowman, one of the faculty founders of Chicago's Erikson Institute, an independent institution of higher education that prepares child development professionals for leader- ship, says that Black chi21.It can be inferred from the passage that the African-American culture is_A：an important part of the mainstream cultureB：the base of the mainstream cultureC：different in many ways from the mainstream cultureD：dependant on the mainstream culture22.Whether a child is interested in learning depends on_A：the content the adult wants the children to learnB：how pleased the parents are when the children are learningC：the feedback the parents give to children at an early ageD：the physical health of the children23.The suggestion given in the last paragraph is_A：to emphasize the importance of success for childrenB：to avoid pressuring the children too muchC：to challenge the children as much as possibleD：to use the positive effect of pressure24.Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?A：How to raise a high-achieving childB：Successful students whose parents are teachersC：Key factors for children's successD：Motivation and challenge: what do children need most?25.Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participants' psychosocial development and achievement motivation. However, the situation concerning parents and coaches in youth sport is somewhat of a conundrumthe roles of coach and parent are often synonymous, suggesting not simply an independent relationship with the child participant.