2023年吉林职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

2023年吉林职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确的信息，请选择A；如果该句提的是错误信息，衣选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Evolution of Sleep Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles. There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seemsclearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.The function of sleep is to decrease animals vulnerability. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 2.B第三篇/B Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged. The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. The reduction in leucocytes levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising. In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. "The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch. " said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the University Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain. Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch-starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Immunology expert Lena Ohmans team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, The magazine of the SCI.What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all AIt may cause irritable bowel syndrome.BIt may bring about at least partially inflammatory disorder.CIt may raise leukocyte and lymphocyte levels in the body.DIt cannot the digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine. 3.B第二篇/B Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest. In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style" can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus. " explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. " Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect. For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults completes stand, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had anegative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected AMucus production.BAches and pains.CSneezing or congestion.DBlood test. 4.下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live Its now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the world, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have itone in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves U (51) /Ureality, of course, it was naive toU (52) /Uthat everyone would let U (53) /Uof such a potent potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have U (54) /Uvials.U (55) /Uthe last "official" stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia,U (56) /Uno obvious gain. Now American researchers haveU (57) /Uan animal model of the human disease, opening theU (58) /Ufor tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again theres a good reason toU (59) /Uthe virusjust inU (60) /Uthe disease puts in a reappearance. How do weU (61) /Uwith the mistrust of the US and Russia U (62) /U. Keep the virusU (63) /Uinternational auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory thats open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesntU (64) /Uthe idea is wrong. If the virusU (65) /Uuseful, then lets make it the servant of all humanitynot just a part of it. AAndBWhileCWhereasDAlthough 5.下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确的信息，请选择A；如果该句提的是错误信息，衣选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Evolution of Sleep Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles. There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seemsclearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.With the evolution, human beings may sleep more. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 6.下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live Its now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the world, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have itone in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves U (51) /Ureality, of course, it was naive toU (52) /Uthat everyone would let U (53) /Uof such a potent potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have U (54) /Uvials.U (55) /Uthe last "official" stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia,U (56) /Uno obvious gain. Now American researchers haveU (57) /Uan animal model of the human disease, opening theU (58) /Ufor tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again theres a good reason toU (59) /Uthe virusjust inU (60) /Uthe disease puts in a reappearance. How do weU (61) /Uwith the mistrust of the US and Russia U (62) /U. Keep the virusU (63) /Uinternational auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory thats open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesntU (64) /Uthe idea is wrong. If the virusU (65) /Uuseful, then lets make it the servant of all humanitynot just a part of it. AsinceBforCbecauseDof 7.下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live Its now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the world, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have itone in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves U (51) /Ureality, of course, it was naive toU (52) /Uthat everyone would let U (53) /Uof such a potent potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have U (54) /Uvials.U (55) /Uthe last "official" stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia,U (56) /Uno obvious gain. Now American researchers haveU (57) /Uan animal model of the human disease, opening theU (58) /Ufor tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again theres a good reason toU (59) /Uthe virusjust inU (60) /Uthe disease puts in a reappearance. How do weU (61) /Uwith the mistrust of the US and Russia U (62) /U. Keep the virusU (63) /Uinternational auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory thats open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesntU (64) /Uthe idea is wrong. If the virusU (65) /Uuseful, then lets make it the servant of all humanitynot just a part of it. Alooked forBsoughtCfoundDtalked about 8.下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确的信息，请选择A；如果该句提的是错误信息，衣选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Evolution of Sleep Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles. There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seemsclearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is