2023年甘肃职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（8）.docx

2023年甘肃职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。BThe Greatest Mystery Of Whales/B The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them-and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many U (51) /U of this. Its front flippers (鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet. Immense strength is U (52) /U into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whales body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whales pulling strength has been estimated U (53) /U 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for seven hours at the U (54) /U of eight knots (节). An angry whale will U (55) /U a ship. A famous example of this was the fate of whaler Essex, U (56) /U was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have U (57) /U their plates buckled (使弯曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鲸) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them. The greatest U (58) /U of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale dives to the bottom for his U (59) /U food, the octopus (章鱼). In that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the U (60) /U is 1,400 pounds, to a square inch. Doing so he will U (61) /U underwater long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this: storing up enough U (62) /U (all whales are air-breathed) and tolerating the great change in pressure. Just how he does it scientists have not U (63) /U. It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special U (64) /U of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that U (65) /U adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But since you cant bring a live whale into the laboratory, for study, no one knows just how these things work. AatBinCofDwith 2.下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。B第一篇/B BTechnology Transfer in Germany/B When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的) record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in AAsia.BUSA.CEurope.DAfrica. 3.阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BMother Nature Shows Her Strength/B Tornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. "I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared," Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. "I knew something was wrong," she said." I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection." The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was. so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them. "This was a really intense storm," said Snyder. "People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed."Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. AARightBBWrongCCNot mentioned 4.B第三篇/BBThe Science of the Future/B Until recently, the "science of the future" was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology. Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic (合成的) materials. However, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also to absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects. Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in "growing" a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be "biotech hearts and eyes" which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans. The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In 1996 the famous science-fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of whose previous predictions have come true, said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energy. Some of these power sources will be biological. Clarke and others have warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources. Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient. However, using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollution. It will be impossible to meet the growing demand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic (灾难性的) levels unless we develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner. It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other "science of the future" can solve our problems. Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power. Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless, cheap and safe energy. Today those promises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl, in the Ukraine. Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerous way.In 1996, Arthur C. Clarke predicted that Abiological power sources would be put into use soon.Boil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future.Cdependence on non-renewable power sources would be reduced soon.Dthe Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years. 5.B第二篇/BBSuperconducting Ceramic (陶瓷)/B An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击) of a switch, 30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroits example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power. The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors dont. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does. Making superconductors isnt easy. A superconducting material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius. The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen, bismuth (铋), strontium (锶), and calcium (钙). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance. The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance, they waste much less power. Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too.What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature ACopper.BLiquid nitrogen.CClay.DCalcium. 6.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。BThe Greatest Mystery Of Whales/B The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them-and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many U (51) /U of this. Its front flippers (鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet. Immense strength is U (52) /U into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whales body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whales pulling strength has been estimated U (53) /U 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for seven hours at the U (54) /U of eight knots (节). An angry whale will U (55) /U a ship. A famous example of this was the fate of whaler Essex, U (56) /U was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have U (57) /U their plates buckled (使弯曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鲸) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them. The greatest U (58) /U of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale dives to the bottom for his U (59) /U food, the octopus (章鱼). In that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the U (60) /U is 1,400 pounds, to a square inch. Doing so he will U (61) /U underwater long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this: storing up enough U (62) /U (all whales are air-breathed) and tolerating the great change in pressure. Just how he does it scientists have not U (63) /U. It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special U (64) /U of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that U (65) /U adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But since you cant bring a live whale into the laboratory, for study, no one knows just how these things work. AnumberBdegreeCdistanceDrate 7.下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。B第一篇/B BTechnology Transfer in Germany/B When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的) record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented b