2023年湖北在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（2）.docx

2023年湖北在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Passage 8 Excitement, fatigue, and anxiety can all be detected from someones blinks, according to psychologist John Stern (1) Washington University in St. Louis. Stern specialized in the study on these tiny twitches, using them as sensitive (2) of how the brain works. "I use blinks as a psychological measure to make (3) about thinking because I have very little (4) in what you tell me about what you ,are thinking." He says. "If I ask you the question, what does the phrase a rolling stone gathers no moss mean you cant tell me (5) youve started looking for the answer. But I can, by watching your eyes." Blinks also tell Stem when you have understood his question-often long before hes finished asking it-and when youve found an answer or part of (6) . "We blink at times (7) are psychologically important." He says. "You have listened to a question, you understand it, (8) you can take time out for a blink. Blinks are (9) marks. Their timing is tied to what is going on in your (10) ." Stem has found that (11) suppress blinks when they are absorbing or anticipating (12) but not when theyre reciting it. People blink later, for example, (13) they have to memorize six numbers instead of two. "You dont blink," he says, "until you have (14) the information to some short-term memory store." And if subjects are cued (15) the set of numbers is coming, say, five seconds, theyll curb their blinks until the task is (16) Similarly, the more important the information that people are taking in, the more likely they are to put their blinks on hold for (17) . Pilots blink less when theyre (18) for flying a plane than when they (19) their eyes from the road to the rearview mirror. But if they see the flashing lights of a state trooper behind them, their (20) will move fast unmoistened to the speedometer and back to the mirror. AoverBupCoffDin 2.Passage 5 The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do (1) that is meaningful and that serves as a (2) to our inherent abilities. It is easiest to see this (3) the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or (4) . You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and (5) the product of his personal skill. But even (6) there is no obvious end product that is (7) attributable to one persons skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that (8) the housekeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the (9) that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people-and thus accomplishing a good deal. Were often misled by the complaints (10) difficult work; deep (11) most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique (12) Complaining is just (13) of working. After all, how (14) do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your (15) to control you limbs and hands and words You are, (16) significant measure, what you can do. Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up (17) , to rest and save (18) as much as possible. Just the (19) . It is energy (20) that is satisfying. AmanyBmuchCelseDother 3.Passage 7 A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal (1) an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his (2) and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, (3) up the best territory in the order of "first come, first (4) ." The late arrivals may acquire (5) territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the (6) of the enemies of the species. (7) there is really insufficient food or the danger is very great, the animal will not (8) . In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring. When there is conflict (9) territory, animals will commonly use force, or a (10) of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, however, that animals seem to use (11) the minimum amount of force (12) to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the (13) of those animals which are capable of doing each other great harm, (14) is a system for the losing animal to show the winning animals that he (15) to submit. When he shows this, the (16) normally stops fighting. Animals (especially birds), which can easily escape from conflict seem to have. (17) obstacle against killing, and equally no mechanism (18) submission. The losing bird simply flies away. However, if two doves are (19) in a cage, and they start fighting, they will continue to fight until one kills the other. We all think of the dove as a symbol of peace and, in its natural habitat, it is peaceful. But the "peace" mechanism does not (20) in a cage. AkillerBloserCvictorDsuccessor 4.Passage 8 Excitement, fatigue, and anxiety can all be detected from someones blinks, according to psychologist John Stern (1) Washington University in St. Louis. Stern specialized in the study on these tiny twitches, using them as sensitive (2) of how the brain works. "I use blinks as a psychological measure to make (3) about thinking because I have very little (4) in what you tell me about what you ,are thinking." He says. "If I ask you the question, what does the phrase a rolling stone gathers no moss mean you cant tell me (5) youve started looking for the answer. But I can, by watching your eyes." Blinks also tell Stem when you have understood his question-often long before hes finished asking it-and when youve found an answer or part of (6) . "We blink at times (7) are psychologically important." He says. "You have listened to a question, you understand it, (8) you can take time out for a blink. Blinks are (9) marks. Their timing is tied to what is going on in your (10) ." Stem has found that (11) suppress blinks when they are absorbing or anticipating (12) but not when theyre reciting it. People blink later, for example, (13) they have to memorize six numbers instead of two. "You dont blink," he says, "until you have (14) the information to some short-term memory store." And if subjects are cued (15) the set of numbers is coming, say, five seconds, theyll curb their blinks until the task is (16) Similarly, the more important the information that people are taking in, the more likely they are to put their blinks on hold for (17) . Pilots blink less when theyre (18) for flying a plane than when they (19) their eyes from the road to the rearview mirror. But if they see the flashing lights of a state trooper behind them, their (20) will move fast unmoistened to the speedometer and back to the mirror. AitBthemCusDthemselves 5.Passage 10 In the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointing (1) that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot (2) Skyscrapers are also enormous (3) , and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition (4) 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the (5) daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts-enough to (6) the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-walled skyscraper can be especially (7) . The heat Still, people (19) to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them-personal ambition and the 20 of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space. ApointBtopCsummitDpeak 6.Passage 6 An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality (1) our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are (2) . Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, (3) being seen. There is a type of authority which can be (4) . from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. (5) there is movement and action, the true leaders is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the (6) for anecdotes, whether true or (7) ; an important character. One of the simplest devices is to be absent (8) the occasion when the leader might be (9) to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business (10) has detained him. To (11) up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display (12) things which other folks might (13) as trivial. With this gift for (14) curiosity, the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is (15) in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all (16) is relevant. He never leaves a party (17) he has mentally field a minimum dossier (档案) on (18) present, ensuring that he knows (19) to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen (20) talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof. AwhichBthatCwhatDone 7.Passage 9 One of the most interesting of all studies is the study of words and word origins. Each language is (1) of several earlier languages, and the words of a language can sometimes be traced (2) through two or three different languages to their (3) Again, a word from one language may pass into other languages and (4) a new meaning. The word "etiquette", which is (5) French origin and originally meant a label, (6) a sign, passed into Spanish and kept its original meaning. So in Spanish the word "etiquette" today is used to (7) the small tags which a store (8) to a suit, a dress or a bottle. The word "etiquette" in French, (9) , gradually developed a different meaning. It (10) became the custom to write directions on small cards or "etiquette" as to how visitors should dress themselves and (11) during an important ceremony at the royal court. (12) , the word "etiquette" began to indicate a system of correct manners for people to follow. (13) this meaning, the word passed into English. Consider the word "breakfast". "To fast" is to go for some period of time without (14) . Thus, in the morning, after many hours (15) the night without food, one (16) ones fast. Consider the everyday English (17) "Good-bye". Many years ago, people would say to each other (18) parting: "God be with you." As this was (19) over and over millions of times, it gradually became (20) to "good-bye". AforBonCatDduring 8.Passage 7 A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal (1) an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his (2) and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, (3) up the best territory in the order of "first come, first (4) ." The late arrivals may acquire (5) territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the (6) of the enemies of the species. (7) there is really insufficient food or the danger is very great, the animal will not (8) . In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring. When there is conflict (9) territory, animals will commonly use force, or a (10) of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, however, that animals seem to use (11) the minimum amount of force (12) to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the (13) of those animals which are capable of doing each other great harm, (14) is a system for the losing animal to show the winning animals that he (15) to submit. When he shows this, the (16) normally stops fighting. Animals (especially birds), which can easily escape from conflict seem to have. (17) obstacle against killing, and equally no mechanism (18) submission. The losing bird simply flies away. However, if two doves are (19) in a cage, and they start fighting, they will continue to fight until one kills the other. We all think of the dove as a symbol of peace and, in its natural habitat, it is peaceful. But the "peace" mechanism does not (20) in a cage. AanyBsomeCeveryDno 9.Passage 5 The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do (1) that is meaningful and that serves as a (2) to our inherent abilities. It is easiest to see this (3) the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or (4) . You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and (5) the product of his personal skill. But even (6) there is no obvious end product that is (7) attributable to one persons skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that (8) the housekeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the (9) that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people-and thus accomplishing a good deal. Were often misled by the complaints (10) difficult work; deep (11) most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique (12) Complaining is just (13) of working. After all, how (14) do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your (15) to control you limbs and hands and words You are, (16) significant measure, what you can do. Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up (17) , to rest and save (18) as much as possible. Just the (19) . It is energy (20) that is satisfying. AheartBthoughtCmindDbrain 10.Passage 6 An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality (1) our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are (2) . Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, (3) being seen. There is a type of authority which can be (4) . from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. (5) there is movement and action, the true leaders is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the (6) for anecdotes, whether true or (7) ; an important character. One of the simplest devices is to be absent (8) the occa