2023年黑龙江大学英语考试模拟卷（4）.docx

2023年黑龙江大学英语考试模拟卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Navigation computers, now sold by most car makers, cost $ 2000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technology-meaning prices should eventually drop-and the market does seem to be growing. Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive, It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn by-turn directions spoken by a clear human sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver. The computer works with an antenna that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the cars location can be pinned down within 100 meters. The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the cars position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, land marks and points of interest are included. Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware-the way the computer accepts the drivers request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it. BMWs system offers set of cross hairs that can be moved across the map (you have several Choices of map scale) to pick a point youd like to get to. Audis screen can be switched to TV reception. Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMWs and Lexuss having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch arid, Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways, for example.We learn from the passage that navigation computers _.Awill greatly promote sales of automobilesBmay help solve potential traffic problemsCare likely to be accepted by more driversDwill soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury 2.The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. these wide modem roads are generally and well maintained, with sharp curves and many straight , a direct route is not always the most one. Large highways often pass scenic areas and interesting small towns, Furthermore, these highways generally large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with traffic during rush hours, the "fast, direct" route becomes a very slow mute. However, there is always another route to take you are not in a hurry. Not far from the new "superhighways, there are often older, heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high , or down frightening hillsides to towns in deep valleys, Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a to get a fresh, clean of the world.ArocksBcliffsCroadsDpaths 3.What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America-breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal," spatial" thinking about things technological. Why mention the elementary schools Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics ,especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry. Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported," With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman." A further stimulus to invention came from the "premium" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives. In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out," A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process. The designer and the inventor are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist." This nonverbal "spatial" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote," The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea." When all these shaping forces- schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking - interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic, emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics_.Abenefited a lot from their mathematical knowledgeBshed light on disciplined school managementCwas brought about by privileged home trainingDowed a lot to the technological development 4.Navigation computers, now sold by most car makers, cost $ 2000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technology-meaning prices should eventually drop-and the market does seem to be growing. Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive, It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn by-turn directions spoken by a clear human sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver. The computer works with an antenna that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the cars location can be pinned down within 100 meters. The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the cars position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, land marks and points of interest are included. Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware-the way the computer accepts the drivers request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it. BMWs system offers set of cross hairs that can be moved across the map (you have several Choices of map scale) to pick a point youd like to get to. Audis screen can be switched to TV reception. Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMWs and Lexuss having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch arid, Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways, for example.With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to his destination _.Aby inputting the exact addressBby indicating the location of his carCby checking his computer databaseDby giving vocal orders to the computer 5.What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America-breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal," spatial" thinking about things technological. Why mention the elementary schools Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics ,especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry. Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported," With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman." A further stimulus to invention came from the "premium" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives. In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out," A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process. The designer and the inventor are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist." This nonverbal "spatial" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote," The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea." When all these shaping forces- schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking - interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic, emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.A technologist can be compared to an artist because_.Athey are both winners of awardsBthey are both experts in spatial thinkingCthey both abandon verbal descriptionDthey both use various instruments 6.Navigation computers, now sold by most car makers, cost $ 2000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technology-meaning prices should eventually drop-and the market does seem to be growing. Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive, It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn by-turn directions spoken by a clear human sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver. The computer works with an antenna that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the cars location can be pinned down within 100 meters. The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the cars position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, land marks and points of interest are included. Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware-the way the computer accepts the drivers request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it. BMWs system offers set of cross hairs that can be moved across the map (you have several Choices of map scale) to pick a point youd like to get to. Audis screen can be switched to TV reception. Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMWs and Lexuss having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch arid, Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways, for example.Despite their varied designs, navigation computers used in cars _.Aare more or less the same priceBprovide directions in much the same wayCwork on more or less the same principlesDreceive instructions from the same satellites 7.The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. these wide modem roads are generally and well maintained, with sharp curves and many straight , a direct route is not always the most one. Large highways often pass scenic areas and interesting small towns, Furthermore, these highways generally large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with traffic during rush hours, the "fast, direct" route becomes a very slow mute. However, there is always another route to take you are not in a hurry. Not far from the new "superhighways, there are often older, heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high , or down frightening hillsides to towns in deep valleys, Through these less direct