大学英语六级模拟测试题model-text0210763.pdf

Model Test TwoPart IWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthis part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled The ValueofDetails bycommentingon theremark“One ant-hole maycausethecollapseof a thousand-li dam.”Youcancite examples toillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200 words.Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)SectionADirections:In this section,you will hearthreenews reports.At the end of each conversation,you will hearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestions will be spoken only once.After you heara question,you mustchoose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A),B),C)andD).Thenmark the correspondingletteronAnswer Sheet 1witha singlelinethroughthecentre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)Hewantsto gettheheatingfixedin hisroom.B)Hewantsto callroomservice.C)Hewantsto praisethehallporter.D)Hewantsto get hismoneyrefunded.2.A)Heis too oldto know howto respecttheothers.B)Heis treatedunjustlyby allcustomers.C)Hedoesnt know howto respectthecustomers.D)Heis verymuchqualifiedfor hiswork in thehotel.3.A)Heis satisfied except thebadfood.B)Heisnt satisfied withtherestaurant.C)Hethinks thewaitersarehelpful.D)Hefeels beingcheatedbythemanager.4.A)Heisnt satisfied withthemoneycharged.B)Helikes to throwhisweightaround.C)Heis criticalof theothers.D)Heloses patiencewiththewoman.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)Isis hotnow.C)Is washotandsunnythismorning.B)Is wascoldthismorning.D)Isis sunnynow.6.A)Surprised.B)Skeptical.C)Disgusted.D)Alarmed.7.A)Theycanuse thelightmoreeffectively.B)Theyarestrongerthanthecommonmaterials.C)Theycanstoreandreleaseheat.D)Theycanabsorbwaterif necessary.8.A)Theybecomelighter whenthetemperature is low.B)Theirchemical compositionchangeswiththetemperature.C)Theircolor darkens whenthetemperature is high.D)Theirstructuresarerearranged asthetemperature fluctuates.Section BDirections：In thissection,you willheartwo long conversations.At theendof eachconversation,you willhearfour questions.Both the conversationandthe questions willbe spoken only once.After you heara question,youmustchoose thebestanswerfrom thefour choices marked A),B),C),andD).Thenmark thecorrespondingletteronAnswer Sheet 1witha single line throughthecentre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)Itguaranteesfederalinvestmentin schools.B)It is a universal law thatapplies to everyuniversity.C)It stopsgenderdiscrimination in manyschools.D)It helps to save federalmoneyon educationprograms.10.A)Title Ninemakes girls joinin sportsprograms.B)Title Ninehasa verygood effectonsports.C)Title Nineis veryeffectivein highschools.D)Title Nineis wellobeyedby highschools.11.A)Participation in sportsis relevant to positiveeffects.B)Participation in sportsincreasefemalecollegeattendance.C)Participation in sportspreventsobesityamongadults.D)Participation varyamongdifferentstatesandages.12.A)Theygive girls a chanceto leveltheplaying field.B)Theyreveal thatTitle Nineis aseffectiveaspeople think.C)Far moreboysthangirls joinsportsteams.D)Theyshowthetrendof girlsparticipation in sports.Passage TwoQuestions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A)Seta limit to themoneyspenteachdaybychildren.B)Make surechildren dont spenditatonce.C)Learnaboutwhatchildren wantto payfor withthemoney.D)Teachchildren to make a budgetfrom theirexperience.14.A)Childrencanlearn howa businessworks in social life.B)Childrenmayunderstand whata normalfamilylifeis.C)Childrenmaylearn to save moneyratherthanspendit.D)Childrencant expect anotherallowancein ashorttime.15.A)They willbe morecarefulin buyingpresents.B)Theywilllearn howto budgetandinvestin thefuture.C)Theywillbe morelikelyto setgoals for theirlife.D)Theywillknow howto bargainwhendoingbusiness.Section CDirections:In thissection,you willhearthreerecordingsof lectures ortalksfollowedby threeorfour questions.Therecordingswillbe played only once.After you heara question,you mustchoosethebestanswerfrom thefourchoices marked A),B),C),D).Then mark the correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet 1with a single linethroughthecentre.Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)Theyareaboutphilosophyin life.B)Theyadvisepeopleto learnphilosophy.C)Theyintroducesome difficultjargons.D)Theyteachsome jargonsusedin life.17.A)Everybody will feel centered.B)Nobodywill get bored.C)Everybody will talk alot.D)Everybody will talk a lot.18.A)Others mayfollow yourstep.C)Others will lose interestin philosophy.B)Others maynotunderstand you.D)Others will notdiscussphilosophywithyou.19.A)Explainenoughaboutwhatwe thought.B)Sumupourthoughtsandlet otherstalk.C)Letotherstalk firstandwe give comments.D)Keepourwordsquickandsimple.Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.20.A)Look in themirroranddotheself-talk.B)Get well prepared beforemaking anychange.C)Make littlechangesin theirlifestyle.D)Changeanythingthatmakes themunhappy.21.A)Helpothersfornothingin return.C)Try to make moremoney.B)Savemoneyto helpothers.D)Gethelpfromtherichones.22.A)Theycaretoo muchaboutpeopletheyloveB)Theyaretroubledbywhatotherssay.C)Theyaremoreeasilyto beratedby others.D)Theytendto betheobjectof envy.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Therightbrainhemisphereremainsawake allnightlong.B)Bothhemispheresof thebrainremainactiveallnightlong.C)The leftbrainhemisphereremainsawake duringdeepsleep.D)Onebrainhemisphereremainsmoreawake thantheotherduringdeepsleep.24.A)Six times.C)Fourteen times.B)Two times.D)Seventomes.25.A)There wasnothingdifferentin alertnessoractivityin eitherhemisphere.B)There wasnoobviousdifferencebetweenbothbrainhemispheres.C)Theleft hemisphereremainedactiveindeepsleepphase.D)Therighthemisphereremainedactivein deepsleepphase.Part Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)SectionADirections:In thissection,thereis a passagewith tenblanks.Youarerequired to select one wordforeachblankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage throughcarefullybeforemaking your choices.Eachchoice in the bank is identifiedby a letter.Please mark the correspondingletterforeach item onAnswer Sheet 2with a single line throughthe centre.Youmay not use any of the wordsin thebank morethanonce.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Until recently,the medical community believedthatmosthearing loss was caused byhearcellsin the eardegradingas we age.But evidence is emergingthatsound levelsat sporting events,concerts,nightclubsandonpersonal devicescan causelastingdamage to the connections betweenhear cellsin the ear and the nervesthat_26_soundsto thebrain.Over 1.1billionteenagers andyoung adultsworldwide couldbeatrisk of hearingloss as a resultof _27_tounsafe levelsof recreationalnoise,according to a recentWorld HealthOrganizationreport.Tomake matters worse,thiskind of hearing loss doesnt show up on_28_tests.Researchers arecallingita hiddenepidemic.“We think thisproblemis _29_prevalent,but its difficultto measure because thetools wehaveavailabletoday are not sensitiveenough,”says KonstantinaStankovic,an auditory neuroscientist andsurgeonatMassachusetts EyeandEar,andHarvardMedical School,in Boston.Stankovic is now working with colleaguesat the Swiss FederalInstituteof Technologyin Lausanne todevelopimaging_30_thatwouldallowusto see this kind of neuraldamage in livingbrains.Thiscouldhelpwith early diagnosis.Othersaredevelopingdrugsthatcouldhelp_31_theconnectionsbetween the earandthebrain.Toproperly_32_ourears,loudnoises shouldbe banned in manypublicplaces justas smokingis now,saysStankovic.Somecountries have laws in place to protect_33_inbars andclubsbymonitoring noise levels.Lastyear,Minneapolis CityCouncilmadeit_34_forbars andclubsto offerfreeearbuds to patrons.Stankovicthinksmorewillneed to change_35_acceptednormsaround recreationalnoise.“Ithink it willrequirea publichealtheffort similar to the efforts for limitingsmoking,because of the peer pressure associatedwith loudmusic andnoisyenvironments,”shesays.A)compulsoryI)sociallyB)condenseJ)standardC)exposureK)techniquesD)incrediblyL)transmitE)independentlyM)treatF)protectionN)uneasyG)restoreO)workersH)safeguardSection BDirections:In this section,youare going to reada passage with ten statementsattachedto it.Eachstatementcontainsinformation given in one of theparagraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhichtheinformation is derived.You maychoose a paragraph morethanonce.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions bymarkingthecorresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.Why Depression Needs a New DefinitionAManypsychiatristsbelievethata new approachto diagnosingandtreating depressionlinkingindividualsymptomsto their underlyingmechanismsisneeded for research to moveforward.Inhis Aphorisms,Hippocrates definedmelancholia(忧郁症)，an early understandingof depression,as a stateof“fears andlosingcourage,if they last a longtime.”It was caused,he believed,byan excessof bile(胆汁)in the body(theword“melancholia”is ancientGreek for“blackbile”).BEversince then,doctorshave struggledto createa morepreciseandaccurate definitionof theillnessthatstillisnt wellunderstood.In the 1920s,the German psychiatristKurt Schneiderarguedthatdepressioncouldbedivided into two separateconditions,each requiringa differentformof treatment:depressionthatresultedfromchanges in mood,whichhe called“inner depression”,anddepressionresultingfromreactionsto outside events,or“reactivedepression”.Histheorywas challengedin 1926,whentheBritishpsychologistEdward Mapotherarguedin theBritishMedical Journalthattherewas no evidence fortwo distincttypesof depression,andthattheapparentdifferencesbetween depressionpatientswerejustdifferencesin theseverity of thecondition.CToday,Schneiders subtypes have largely fallen out of favor,but over the years,many more definitionswere offered in their place.In 1969,the American psychologist Rollo May wrote in his book Love and Will that“depression is the inability to construct a future,”while the cognitive psychologist Albert Ellis argued in 1987 thatdepression,unlike“appropriate sadness”,stemmed from“irrational beliefs”that left sufferers ill-equipped to dealwith even mild setbacks.DIn 1952,the American Psychiatric Association tried to standardize the definitions of mental illnesses,including depression,by creating a taxonomy(分类法)of mental illnesses.In the first edition of the Diagnosticand Statistical Manual,depression was listed under the broad category of“disorders without clearly definedphysical cause”.The DSM-III,published in 1980,was the APAs first attempt to clarify the definitions of specificdisorders by listing their symptoms;the new edition included guidelines for differentiating depression from otherdisorders,and outlined eight symptoms of depression,included“poor appetite or significant weight loss”and“complaints or evidence of diminished ability to think or concentrate”.If an adult met four of the eight symptoms,the manual counseled,he or she would meet the criteria for clinical depression.In the DSM-V,published in 2013,depressive disorders were finally allocated their own chapter.The diagnostic criteria were mostly unchanged,withthe exception of one additional symptom:“Depressed mood most of the day,nearly every day,as indicated byeither subjective report(e.g.,feels sad or empty)or observation made by others(e.g.,appears tearful).”E Some scientists believe that the DSM-V definition is still too vague.As the psychiatrist Daniel Goldbergnoted in the journal World Psychiatry in 2011,many of the DSM symptoms are opposites,which can make itdifficult for researchers working to develop a more precise understanding of the condition.“A patient who haspsychomotor retardation(精神运动性阻滞)，hypersomnia(嗜睡)，and gaining weight is scored as having identicalsymptoms as another who is agitated,sleeping badly,and has weight loss,”Goldberg wrote.FMany recent studies have verified Goldbergs concerns.In 2000,for example,a group of researchers atJohns Hopkins University attempted to identify subtypes of depression by studying the symptoms ofnearly2,000patients.However,the researchers were unable to find much of a pattern connecting gender,familyhistory,symptoms,and the degree of the condition(mild to severe).“Depression is of different kind,”theyconcluded,adding that“the severity of an episode appears to be more informative than the pattern of symptoms.”And in 2010,researchers in Germany testing the validity of the DSM-IV definition found that the criteria captureda huge population of patients with“widely varying associations with the pattern of co-morbidity(共 病)，personality traits,features of the depressive episode and demographic characteristics.”The results,they argued.“challenge our understanding of major depression as a similar categorical entity.”GPart of the problem,said Scott Monroe,a professor of psychology at the University of Notre Dame,is thatin medical term,depression is considered a syndrome rather than a disease.While a disease is a specific conditioncharacterized by a common underlying cause and consistent physical traits,a syndrome is a collection of signs andsymptoms known to frequently appear together,but without a single known cause.In a paper published in June inthe journal Current Directions in Psychological Science,Monroe called for scientists to begin defining depressionwith more precision.“It is in this vague and imprecise realm that problems can arise,”he wrote,“and vagueinsights based on imperfect similarities and differences eventually may prove to be clear oversights.”HPart of the reason that scientists are still working in the“vague and imprecise realm”.as Monroe put it,isbecause they still dont have a clear answer for what causes depression.In the 1960s,the dominant hypothesis wasthat it stemmed from a chemical imbalance in the brain,specifically from lower levels of the neurotransmitterserotonin(血清素).As a result,drug companies poured resources into developing“selective serotonin reuptakeinhibitors”(SSRIs),drugs that increased type of antidepressantdespite the fact that research has shown that lowerof serotonin do not necessarily cause depression for all individuals.And in 2010,a review of three decades worthof studies on antidepressants found that while SSRIs can be helpful for severely depressed people,theireffectiveness“may be minimal or nonexistent”in those with mild or moderate depression.IBruce Cuthbert,the director of adult translational(平 动)research and treatment development at theNational Institute of Mental Health(NIMH),thinks that part of the problem is that researchers have largely focusedtheir attention on finding a one-size-fits-all treatment that doesnt exist.“When you do a clinical trial,youregetting a bunch of people who are depressed,but theyre actually very different,”he said.“Its like comparingapples,pears,and oranges.Youre not going to see a significant effect.Youre not going to be able to say,Thistreatment works for fruits.”Trying to create a singular treatment for dep