考研英语的材料_逻辑衔接词重点讲解1.doc

第二节 常见逻辑衔接词总结 一衔接词从作用上主要分为以下四类：起、承、转、合。1表示“起”的词语，用于开篇引出扩展句：at first 最初firstly 第一at the very beginning 起初in the beginning 起初first of all 首先at present 现在，当今presently 现在，此刻now 现在lately 最近recently 最近currently 最近，目前to begin with 首先，第一in the first place 首先，第一to start with 首先，第一for one thing(for another) 首先（其次）in general 一般说来generally speaking 一般说来on the whole 总的说来on the one hand(on the other hand) 一方面（另一方面）it goes without saying 不用说it is said that 据说a proverb goes well 俗话说的好2表示“承”的词语，用来承接上文：at the same time 同时meanwhile 同时by this time 此时after a while 过了一会after / after that / afterwards 此后from now on 从此later 后来soon 不久after a few days / years 几天/几年后also / too 并且，又at any rate 无论如何besides 此外in addition 此外further more 此外，而且moreover 此外，而且whats more 此外，而且in addition to 除之外for another 其次then 然后certainly 无疑地，当然地no doubt 无疑的of course 当然obviously 明显的indeed 的确consequently 因此，结果so 所以for example 例如for instance 例如such as 正如in fact 事实上truly 事实上in the same manner / way 同样的similarly 同样的in particular 特别的particularly 特别的still 仍然second / secondly 第二，第二点third / thirdly 第三，第三点in other words 换句话说for this purpose 为了这个目的incidentally 顺便提一句unlike 不像，和不同3表示“转”的词语，用来表示不同或相反的意见：after all 毕竟at the same time 同时，然而anyway 无论如何but 但是by this time 此时even though 即使though / although 尽管despite 尽管虽然nonetheless 尽管如此in fact 事实上as a matter of fact 事实上especially 特别地in particular 特别地fortunately 幸运地unfortunately 不幸地in other words 换句话说in spite of 尽管虽然in the same way 同样地luckily 幸运地whereas 然而yet 然而，但是however 然而，无论如何nevertheless 不过，虽然如此no doubt 无疑地in / by contrast 对比之下on the contrary 相反地conversely 相反地on the other hand 另一方面otherwise 否则perhaps 或许unlike 不像，和不同4表示“合”的词语，用来小结上文或结束本段落的内容：accordingly 于是as a consequence 因此consequently 因此hence 因此therefore 因此thus 因此as a result 结果as has been stated 如前所述as above mentioned 如上如述as I have said 如我所述at last 最后at length 最后，终于eventually 最后finally 最后briefly 简单扼要的in brief 简言之in short 简言之in summary 简要地说in conclusion 总之，最后in a word 总之in sum 总之，简言之to sum up 总而言之to summarize 总而言之to conclude 总而言之all in all 总而言之on the whole 总的来说by and large 一般来说above all 最重要to speak frankly 坦白地说frankly speaking 坦白地说surely 无疑no doubt 毫无疑问undoubtedly 无疑certainly 无疑，肯定truly 的确for this reason 所以so 所以obviously 显然by doing so 如此二衔接词从逻辑意义上主要分为以下十四类： 1. 表次序关系first(ly) / first of allFirst(ly) / First of all, “A good book is a good friend.”above allAbove all, remember to finish the work today.second(ly) / in the second placeSecond(ly) / In the second place, knowledge is power.furthermoreFurthermore, a little learning is a dangerous thing.moreoverMoreover, its never too late to learn.finallyFinally, “To open a book is always beneficial.”last but not leastLast but not least, wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.lastly Lastly, “He laughs best who laughs last.”in the endIn the end, the president made a farewell speech.eventuallyEventually, the man was released from the prison.to concludeTo conclude, lost time is never found again. 2. 表举例关系for exampleThe government has reduced spending in several areas, for example, education and health.for instanceYou cant depend on her, for instance, she arrived late for an important meeting yesterday.such asHe has some strange hobbies such as collecting bottles.a case in pointThere are many tourist attractions in Nanjing. Dr.Sun Yetsens Mausoleum is a case in point.as followsThe reasons are as follows.includingThere are five people, including two babies.as an illustrationHe is a kind person, as an illustration, he is always ready to help others.to illustrateTo illustrate, I will give you many examples. 3. 表转折关系butPatience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet .howeverIts raining hard. However, I think we should go out.yetShes a funny girl, yet you cant help liking her.though He spoke firmly though pleasantly.even thoughEven though its hard work, I enjoy it.althoughAlthough he is young, he knows a lot.even soIts raining. Even so, we have to go out.regardless ofThe plane will take off, regardless of the weather.whileTheir country has plenty of oil, while ours has none.at the same timeThis little girl can be very naughty but at the same time you cant help liking her.despiteHe came to the meeting despite his illness.in spite ofI have to go to school in spite of the bad weather.stillIts raining. Still, I have to go out.neverthelessI cant go. Nevertheless, thank you for inviting me.notwithstandingNotwithstanding any other agreements, we will make a new contract with the firm.otherwiseThe soup was too salty, but otherwise the meal was excellent.on the contraryI thought he was a teacher, on the contrary, he was a student. 4. 表递进关系in additionHe needs our help. In addition, he requires emotional support.additionallyI like playing chess, additionally, surfing the Internet is also my favorite.besides/alsoA qualified teacher should have good manners. Beside, he should have extensive knowledge.as wellThe book tells about Mark Twains writings and about his life as well. moreoverThe price is too high, and moreover, the house isnt in a suitable position.furthermore / furtherThe house is too small, and furthermore, its too far from the city.likewiseYou must pack warm clothes for the journey. Likewise, youll need plenty of food.that is ( to say ) /in other wordsYour performance in the exam didnt reach the required standard, that is ( to say ) /in other words, you failed.equally importantTo run a company successfully, we should employ employees with a high sense of responsibility, and equally important, meet every need of the customers.whats moreHe is handsome, and whats more, he is humorous.not onlybut alsoThe weather was not only cold, but also wet.last but not leastLast but not least, I appreciate all your help. 5. 表过渡关系as to /forYou can have a bed, but as for her, shell have to sleep on the floor.by the wayBy the way, what channel did you watch on television last night?concerningConcerning your request, I am pleased to inform you thattalking ofTalking of chemistry, he knows much about it.with reference toWith reference to any other problems during your study here, please let me know.with regard toWith regard to your future, you should make your own decision.as regardsI dont quite agree with you as regards your idea.regardingIts a book regarding energy.incidentallyI have to go now. Incidentally, if you want to borrow the book, Ill bring it next time. 6. 表同位关系that isThere are two girls, that is Lily and Lucy.that is to sayShe is a very efficient secretary, that is to say, she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.namelyWe visit two famous cities, namely New York and London. in other wordsYou cant imagine who will be killed finally. In other words, this movie has a dramatic ending. 7. 表推理关系if soIf so, you will win.if notSay you are sorrow, if not, get out now.or elseWear your coat, or else youll be cold.otherwiseDo it now. Otherwise, it will be too late.under such circumstancesShe may come to Shanghai, under such circumstances, you should stay here.to put it more preciselyHe has much money, to put it more precisely, he is wealthy. 8. 表因果关系because(of)I went back not because of the bad weather, but because I was feeling uncomfortable.henceVery few people attended the meeting. Hence, we couldnt make a decision.thusIve never been to America. Thus, I know very little about it.sinceSince you cant help me, I will ask someone else.now thatNow ( that ) Davids arrived, we can begin.so thatHe speaks loudly so that everyone in the room could hear him.on account ofWe had to stay inside on account of the rain.consequentlyThe rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.as a resultHe worked very hard, and as a result he passed the last examination without effort.as a result ofHe was killed as a result of traffic accident.accordinglyThere are the rules. Please act accordingly.thereforeI dont know much about America, therefore, I cant advise you about it.so long asYou could make it so long as you work hard.so I was feeling bad, so I went to bed.owing toOwing to lack of money, these transactions must now be delayed.due toHis failure was due to his lack of work.thanks toThanks to his help, she succeeded in her career. 9. 表比较关系insteadIts too wet to walk, so well go swimming instead.whileThey have much money, while we have very little.equallyAs a teacher, you should teach well, but equally, you should remember to study yourself.in comparison(with)In comparison with Shanghai, Nanjing is small.in the same wayIt is such a coincidence that we work the math problem out in the same way.in contrast with/toIn contrast with / to your belief that well fail, I know we will succeed.on the contraryBefore I took my new job, I thought that I would like it; on the contrary, when I started it, I found it was terribly uninteresting.in/by contrastIt was cold yesterday, but in contrast its very hot today. 10. 表解释关系namelyOnly one person can do the job, namely you.as a matter of factShe doesnt want to make friends with John, as a matter of fact, she hates him.in other wordsThey dont have an extra bike for you, in other words, you should buy one yourself.in this caseIn this case, I will go home.frankly speaking / to be frankFrankly speaking / To be frank, I dont like you. 11. 表强调关系of courseOf course I love you.indeedI am indeed very glad to hear from you soon.above allAbove all, you should remember that where there is a will, there is a way.most importantMost important, it is the best book for beginners.with great emphasis(on)He delivered a speech with great emphasis on the education.in factIn fact, you are wrong. 12. 表选择关系rather thanIn fact, Lily should be praised rather than John. alternativelyYou may go home. Alternatively, you can stay here.instead ofYou should be at school instead of lying here in bed.notbutHe is not a teacher but a student.whetherorPlease tell me whether or not you like it.eitherorThe baby will be either a boy or a girl.neithernorNeither my mother nor I were there. 13. 表时间关系after a whileAfter a while, he came back sadly.at lengthAt length he give his daughter leave to take a trip alone.at that time