2020届新都区高宁学校高三英语下学期期末考试试题及答案解析35308.pdf

2020 届新都区高宁学校高三英语下学期期末考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项ATop Four MarathonsPortland MarathonThe marathon welcomes 8 000 peopleeveryfall.Its a greateventforfirst-timersbecauseeveryoneischeeredon withenthusiasmno matterhow longittakesto crossthe finish line.The time limit forthe fullmarathon is now at a pace of minutes per mile,or 6 hours and 33 minutes,but in the past it had an open timelimit.They promiseyoull still receive yourmedal ifyou fall behindthepace,but you have tofinish usingthesidewalks.TCS New York City MarathonAs theworlds biggest marathon,theTCS New YorkCityMarathon attracts over50,000peopletotheBigApple each November.The time limit isgenerouseightand a halfhours,but participantsmust move to thesidewalk if they drop below 15-minute mile.The famous course snakes through five boroughs(行政区)of the cityand crosses five bridges to end in Central Park.Honolulo MarathonThe marathon attracts over 30,000 participants each December.The race starts on Ala Moana Boulevard indowntown Honolulu and snakes its way along the breathtaking Hawaiian coastline to the finish line in KapiolaniPark.The start time is at 5:00 am with finish line services officially open until 2:00 pm.However,the organizersallow everyone to finish and have waiters on hand until 4:00 pm.Boston MarathonThe marathon is held in May every year.For this event running isnt allowed as the city streets arent closedoff.Participantsmust instead make their way alongsidewalks under theguidanceofeventorganizers and citypolice.The event attracts over 8,000 people who can choose anything from three-mile walk to the full 26.2-mileBoston Marathon route.1.Where is a new marathon runner most likely to receive enthusiastic cheers?A.In Portland.B.In New York.C.In Honolulu.D.In Boston.2.What can we know about TCS New York City Marathon?A.It is extremely popular.B.It has an open time limit.C.It starts and ends in a park.D.It forbids using the sidewalk.3.Which marathon is held the earliest in a year?A.Portland Marathon.B.TCS New York City Marathon.C.Boston Marathon.D.Honolulu Marathon.BPlease take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal.Imagine telling someone you meet todaywhat youre going to do.Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you.Doesnt it feel good to say itout loud?Dont you feel one step closer already?Well,bad news:you should have kept your mouth shut,becausethat good feeling will make you less likely to do it.Any time you have a goal,there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it.Ideally,you would not besatisfied until youd actually done the work.But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(认可)it,psychologists have found its called a“social reality”.The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that its already done.And then,because youve felt that satisfaction,youre less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary.Thisgoes againstthe traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals,right?In 1982,Peter Gollwitzer,a Professor of Psychology,wrote a whole book about this.And in 2009,he did somenew tests that were published.It goes like this:163 people across four separate testseveryone wrote down theirpersonal goal.Then half of them announced their commitment(许诺)to this goal to the room,and half didnt.Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal,but they were toldthat they could stop at any time.Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average,and when asked afterwards,said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal.But those who hadannounced it quit after only 33 minutes on average,and when asked afterwards,said that they felt much closer toachieving their goal.4.What do the words“social reality”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Completion of the goal.B.Necessary hard work.C.Peoples acknowledgement.D.A sense of satisfaction.5.What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?A.Writing down the goal is very helpful.B.Achieving personal goal needs more time.C.Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.D.Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.6.How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about peoples goal?A.By giving figures.B.By giving examples.C.By making a survey.D.By making comparison tests.7.What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?A.You will be more confident.B.You will not gain satisfaction.C.You are less likely to realize it.D.Youll be much moremotivated.CPreventing heart disease is a topic I think about all the time,given my family history of heart disease.So lastsummer,I travelled toBolivia.The natives,called the Tsimane,were reported to have the healthiest hearts in theworld.I wanted to learn what they could teach me about preventing heart disease.Getting to the Tsimane wasnt easy.They lived in small family groups of about 60 people along river banks.We finally found one of the villages at sunset.That night,we set up our tents in the middle of the village.Thatchedhuts surrounded us,with no electricity or modem conveniences.At first,I thought they mainly got their calorics from meat.However,I found food such as rice and com madeup nearly 70%of their diet.The food was not processed,lacking added sugars or salts.During my stay there,I went hunting and fishing with the men and played soccer with the kids.I found theTsimane were standingor walkingnearlyallof theirwaking hours.Men spentlotsof time tracking animals.Fanning and gathering,mostly done by children and women,were all-day affairs.I also got a clear idea of how they rested.As soon as the sun went down,people returned to their huts andwent to sleep.And with the call of the cock in the morning,another day began.The lifespan of the Tsimane is actually much shorter than those living in theUS.Various factors,like animalattacks and infections,bring down the lifespan.But up until the day they die,they are often very healthy.Whileheart disease kills thousands of Americans every year and costs nearly a billion dollars a day,the Tsimane remindus that wealth doesnt necessarily buy health.8.Why does the author pay so much attention to preventing heart disease?A.He dreams of becoming a doctor.B.He wants to teach others about the topic.C.His family members encourage him to do so.D.He was born with a high risk of heart disease.9.Which factors did the author mainly focus on in his research?A.Housing,food and cooperation.B.Diet,activity and rest.C.Physical work,social life and lifespan.D.Group size,family history and consumption10.What was the Tsimane s sleep-wake cycle mainly based on?A.Natural sound.B.Routine activity.C.Animal behaviour.D.Natural light.11.What might the author advise us to do after his travels inBolivia?A.Take in less sugar and salt.B.Stand less and walk more.C.Eat white meat instead of red meat.D.Live in the middle of the community.DOn World Oceans Day,which falls on June 8,the US NationalGeographicSocietyannounced itwouldrecognize the Southern Ocean in Antarctica,bringing the global total to five.Unlikethe Arctic,Atlantic,Indianand PacificOceanswhichare definedby the continents thatboundthemthe Southern Ocean is instead characterized by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current（南极洋流）.Accordingto the National Geographic,the SouthernOcean includes most of the waterssurrounding Antarcticaout to 60degrees south latitude（纬度）.Encircled by the powerfully swift ACC,it is the only ocean to touch three others and to completely embracea continent rather than being embraced by them,Sylvia Earle,a marine biologist and oceanographer,told theDaily Mail.Those familiar with the Southern Ocean know its unlike any other.Anyone who has been there will struggleto explain whats so charming about it,but theyll all agree that the glaciers are bluer,the air colder,the mountainsmore awfuland the landscapesmorecaptivatingthan anywhere elseyou can go,SethSykora-Bodie,a marinescientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,told National Geographic.National Geographic hopes their revised maps will bring public awareness to the region,thereby encouragingSouthern Ocean conservationbut its significance is beyond that.We think its really important from an educational standpoint,as well as from a map-labeling standpoint,tobring attention to the Southern Ocean as a fifth ocean,Alex Tait,National Geographic Society geographer,toldThe Post.So when students learn about parts of the ocean world,they learn its an interconnected ocean,andthey learn there are these regions called oceans that are really important,and theres a distinct one in the icywaters around Antarctica.12.Why is the Southern Ocean different from other oceans?A.It has never been explored before.B.It surrounds the Antarctic all around.C.It is enclosed by the fast-flowing ACC.D.It has ecologically distinct environment.13.What does the underlined word captivating in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Strange.B.Unusual.C.Attractive.D.Informal.14.What does the National Geographic think of the Southern Ocean?A.It will be instructive for students.B.It will promote tourism development.C.It will encourage public to treasure water.D.It will draw scientists to study in the Antarctic.15.What is the best title for the text?A.World Oceans DayB.Revised Antarctic MapsC.Adding a New OceanD.New Discovery under the Sea第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项A study plan is an effective way to help you get through your college education in an organized way.Eachstudent will develop a different study plan._16_When creating your personalized(个性化的)study plan,youwill need to do some self-evaluation of your current schedule and time management.Follow the step-by-stepinstructions below will help you.Create a time chart of your current activities.Creating a time chart will allow you to see how you spend your time from day to day.For a one-week period,take notes about your daily activities.Record things like when you are at work,school,or home withfamily._17_Develop a schedule.Now that you have determined available days and times for studying,make a mark in your calendar.Usedetailed notes to block out(概略画出)times on your calendar so that you are reminded every time you look atit._18_Seeing it written down can make it seem more important,like a doctors appointment you cant miss.Determine your study goals.At the beginning of each week,determine why you need to study and what you plan to accomplish in eachclass.Do you want to raise your average in a particular class in order to maintain a certain GPA(平均分)?_19_For example,if you are studying for an important mid-term exam,change yourstudy plan two weeksbefore the test to include reviews of old tests and notes in your sessions(课程)._20_A study plan works best if it is followed on a consistent(一致的)basis.You should try to develop a study planthat you can follow for the lengthof each term of college.Since most students enroll in different classes each term,you will have to reevaluate your plan and fine-tune it each term.A.Stick to your schedule.B.Even note when you eat and sleep.C.Are you preparing for a big exam?D.There is no correct study plan for everyone.E.It is best to have a schedule written down so you wont forget.F.So be sure to analyze what you plan to get out of each study session.G.However,it is helpful to write down which subject you plan to study.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项A mouse looked through a hole in the wall to see the farmer and his wife opening a package.He was veryfrightened that it was a mousetrap._21_to the farm yard,the mouse announced the_22_“There is amousetrap in the house!There is a mouse trap in the house!Raising her head,the_23_who was looking forfood said,“Mr.Mouse,this is a_24_problem for you,but it is of no importance to me;I cannot be botheredby it.”The mouse_25_the pig and told him,“There is a mousetrap in the house.”“I am so_26_,Mr.Mouse,”sympathized the pig,“but there is nothing I can do about it to_27_you.”The mouse turned to the cow,whoreplied,“Does a mousetrap have_28_to do with me?Am I in great danger?”The mouse wasvery_29_and then he returned to the house to_30_the mousetrap alone.That very night a sound of the mousetrap_31_its prey was heard._32_the farmers wife rushedto see what was caught,she was_33_by the poisonous snake the trap had caught.In the darkness,she didnot see it was a big poisonous snake whose tail the trap had caught.She got a high fever soon,so the farmer killedthe chicken to cook_34_chicken soup for her.Her_35_became worse so that friends and neighborscame to_36_with her day and night.To_37_them,the farmer killed the pig.However,the farmerswife did not get well,unfortunately,she_38_and many people came for her funeral so that the farmer hadthe cow killed to provide_39_for all of them to eat._40_the next time you hear that someone is facing a problem,you should try your best to help him orher because it may concern you in a larger degree.21.A.TravelingB.LeadingC.PointingD.Returning22.A.ideaB.mindC.warningD.story23.A.cowB.pigC.snakeD.chicken24.A.seriousB.differentC.strangeD.normal25.A.arrive atB.turned toC.asked forD.moved to26.A.sorryB.gladC.excitedD.honest27.A.giveB.helpC.showD.teach28.A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing29.A.tiredB.ashamedC.disappointedD.satisfied30.A.buyB.protectC.hideD.face31.A.findingB.meetingC.catchingD.watching32.A.BeforeB.IfC.AfterD.When33.A.encouragedB.attractedC.bittenD.beaten34.A.saltyB.freshC.bitterD.sweet35.A.sicknessB.workC.temperatureD.problem36.A.quarrelB.sitC.sleepD.go37.A.feedB.pleaseC.supportD.invite38.A.diedB.escapedC.recoveredD.changed39.A.boneB.breadC.meatD.soup40.A.ButB.AndC.ForD.So第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Every day people throw away a lot of household garbage paper,cans,kitchen waste,used batteries andglass_41._sorting it.There are many problems_42._(cause)by unsorted garbage.On one hand,its_43._great waste of resources.On the other hand,the disposal of unsorted garbage can cause seriousenvironmental pollution,_44._does harm to peoples health.Now our government has realized theimportance of garbage sorting.So far many activities_45._(hold)to teach people how to sortgarbage_46._(proper).People in cities,like Beijing and Shanghai,are required to sort garbage into four categories kitchenwaste,_47._(danger)waste,recyclable waste and other waste.Also,they can get certain points for sortingtheir garbage.When they accumulate enough points,they can go to the community_48._(exchange)themfor some gifts of daily use.However,still a lot of people in China lack the_49._(aware)of garbage sorting.Changing peoples mindsets and habits will take a long time.But once one person_50._(develop)thehabit of garbage sorting,more may be influenced to do the same.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40 分）第一节短文改错（满分10 分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下