汽车专业英语(第2版)教学课件汇总完整版电子教案全书整套课件幻灯片(最新).pptx

2023/3/4汽车专业英语 高等职业教育高等职业教育“十三五十三五”规划教材规划教材 2023/3/4四冲程发动机基础知识介绍发动机构造认识燃油直喷系统发动机冷却系统和润滑系统认识发动机点火系统和起动系统认识任务一任务二任务三任务四任务五任务六任务七任务八底盘构造认识汽车检测设备认识KT600汽车诊断系统任务九汽车市场调查分析进出口交易的一般流程来人来电购车接待汽车产品配置介绍汽车保险办理汽车销售礼仪任务十任务十一任务十二任务十三任务十四任务十五任务十六汽车产品售后服务出国手续办理 任务一 四冲程发动机基础知识介绍Brief IntroductionWord ListText learning-exampleProper Names1234Translation of difficult sentence5Practical Reading6 Brief Introduction1.introduction,ntrdk()nn.介绍，传入，导言，绪论，入门2.unitjuntn.元件，部件，零件，装置3.vehiclevikln.交通工具，车辆4.engineendnn.发动机5.cylinderslndn.气缸，圆筒，圆柱体bustionkmbst()nn.燃烧7.burnbnvi.,vt.燃烧8.convertknvtvt.使转变，转换.9.pistonpst()nn.活塞10.crankshaftkrkftn.曲轴11.ignitiongn()nn.点火，点燃 Word List2023/3/4 Word List12.intakentekn.入口，进口13.starter/sttn.起动机14.clockwiseklkwazadj.顺时针方向的adv.顺时针方向地15.movementmuvm()ntn.运动，动作，运转16.vacuumvkjmn.真空，adj.真空的17.gasolinegslinn.汽油18.manifoldmnfldn.进、排气歧管19.strokestrkn.冲程，行程20.remainrmenvi.保持，逗留，剩余21.chargetdn.充气，装料22.draw/drvt.吸引，吸入2023/3/4 Word List23.constituteknsttjutvt.组成，构成presskmpresvt.压缩，浓缩25.traveltrv()lv.旅行，传播，行进26.powerpa n.能量，动力27.ignitegnatv.点火，点燃28.sparkspkn.火花29.revolutionrevlu()nn.旋转，转数，旋转一周30.expandkspnd;ek-vt.使膨胀，详述，扩张31.expendkspend;ek-vt.消耗，花费，支出32.passagepsdn.通道，通路33.portptn.通道，港口，端口34.continuouslykntnjsliadv.不断地，连续地2023/3/4 Word List35.attachttvt.安装上，系上，贴上36.resistrzstvt.抵抗，反抗，抗，忍得住37.inertia/nn.惯性，惯量38.eveniv()n adj.平滑的，偶数的，平均的39.automobiletmbiln.汽车40.arrangerendv.排列，安排41.flywheelflawiln.飞轮42.arrangementren(d)m()ntn.排列，安排43.adjacentdes()ntadj.邻近的，接近的44.coolantkul()ntn.冷却液45.mediummidmn.媒体，媒介，介质2023/3/4 Word List46.radiatorredetn.散热器47.tanktkn.水箱48.camshaftkmftn.凸轮轴 Text learning-example The engine is a self-contained power unit which converts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy for moving the vehicle.Because fuel is burned within the engine,it is known as an internal combustion engine.In the internal combustion engine,air/fuel mixture is introduced into a closed cylinder where it is compressed and then ignited.The burning of the fuel causes a rapid rise in cylinder pressure which is converted to useful mechanical energy by the piston and crankshaft.The most common engine is the four-stroke piston engine.These four strokes are intake stroke,compression stroke,power stroke and exhaust stroke.Internal Combustion EngineInternal Combustion Engine2023/3/4Text learning-exampleThe intake stroke of a four-stroke engine begins with the piston at top dead center(TDC).The starter causes the crankshaft to rotate in a clockwise direction.The crankshaft,through the connecting rod,forces the piston to move downward.This downward movement of the piston creates a vacuum,a difference in pressure,in the space above the piston.The engine manufacturer times the intake valve action so that it opens automatically at or slightly before the piston starts down.Intake StrokeIntake Stroke2023/3/4After the piston reaches bottom dead center(BDC),it moves upward again as the starter continues to turn the crankshaft in a clockwise direction.As the piston is beginning to move upward,the intake valve closes,and the exhaust valve remains closed.Since both valves are closed,the piston compresses the air/fuel mixture in the small space between the top of the piston and the cylinder head.As the piston reaches TDC again during its upward travel,the compression stroke of the piston is over.The air/fuel charge is now under compression so that it will produce a great deal of power when the spark plug ignites it.Text learning-exampleCompression StrokeCompression Stroke2023/3/4Just as or slightly before the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke with the air/fuel mixture fully compressed,a timed electrical spark appears at the spark plug.This spark ignites the compressed air/fuel mixture.The burning mixture begins to expand;the pressure in the combustion chamber above the piston immediately increases.This results in a high pressure applied to the top of the piston.Now,both valves remain closed during the power stroke.This assures that the total force of the expanding gas applies itself to the head of the piston.Text learning-examplePower StrokePower Stroke2023/3/4Near the end of the downward movement of the piston on the power stroke,the camshaft opens the exhaust valve,but the intake valve remains closed.Although much of the gas pressure has expended itself driving the piston downward,some pressure still remains when the exhaust valve opens.This remaining pressurized gas flows comparatively freely from the cylinder through the passage(port)opened by the exhaust valve.Text learning-exampleExhaust StrokeExhaust Stroke2023/3/4For identification purposes,manufacturers classify automobile engines by their cylinder arrangement,valve arrangement,and type of system used to cool the engine.Engine manufacturers basically use three distinct ways to arrange the cylinders in an engine:in-line,V-shape,or opposed.Text learning-exampleEngine Classification Engine Classification 2023/3/4A liquid-cooled engine uses a liquid coolant as the medium to remove heat from the engine.With this system,the engine has the water jackets in the block and head,which surround the cylinders and combustion chambers and through which coolant circulates freely.7 This coolant enters the engine from the bottom of the radiator and circulates throughout the engine,where it absorbs heat.Then it exits from the upper water jackets and pours into the upper portion of the radiator.As the coolant passes through the radiator,it picks up the heat contained in the coolant and passes this heat to the air flowing around the radiator passages or tubes.Thus,the coolant leaving the lower tank is cool ready to flow through the engine again.Text learning-exampleWater-cooled EngineWater-cooled Engine Proper Names1.self-contained自备的2.internalcombustionengine内燃机3.heatenergy热能4.mechanicalenergy机械能5.air/fuelmixture空气燃油混合物（可燃混合气）6.intakestroke进气行程pressionstroke压缩行程8.powerstroke 作功行程9.exhauststroke排气行程10.topdeadcenter(TDC)上止点11.connectingrod连杆2023/3/4 Proper Names12.intakevalve进气门13.atmosphericpressure大气压力14.intakemanifold进气歧管15.exhaustvalve排气门16.bottomdeadcenter(BDC)下止点17.sparkplug火花塞bustionchamber燃烧室pressionratio压缩比20.cylinderhead气缸盖21.engineblock气缸体22.waterjacket水套Translation of difficult sentence1.Theengineisaself-containedpowerunitwhichconvertstheheatenergyoffuelintomechanicalenergyformovingthevehicle.翻译：发动机属于自备动力型装置，该装置将燃料的热能转换成机械能，用于推动车辆前进。语法：whichconverts引导定语从句。2.Thedrawingofanair/fuelchargeintothecylinderinthismanner,duringthedownwardmovementofthepiston,constitutestheintakestrokeofthepiston.翻译：在活塞向下运动时，可燃混合气以上述方式被吸入气缸，该过程就是进气行程。语法：duringthedownwardmovementofthepiston作时间状语从句。2023/3/4Translation of difficult sentence3.Thistremendousforcepushesthepistondownwardonthepowerstroke,causingtheconnectingrodtorotatethecrankshaft.翻译：在作功行程时，巨大的气体压力推动着活塞向下运动，带动连杆转动曲轴。语法：causingtheconnectingrodtorotatethecrankshaft是现在分词作结果状语从句。4.Thisremainingpressurizedgasflowscomparativelyfreelyfromthecylinderthroughthepassage(port)openedbytheexhaustvalve.翻译：带残余压力的废气从已被排气门开启的排气道中较为顺畅地中排出。2023/3/4Translation of difficult sentence5.Tokeepthecrankshaftturningsmoothlybetweentwopowerstrokes,theflywheelisattachedtotheendofthecrankshaft.翻译：为了使曲轴在两个相邻的作功行程间平稳地转动，在曲轴的后端安装了飞轮。6.Foridentificationpurposes,manufacturersclassifyautomobileenginesbytheircylinderarrangement,valvearrangement,andtypeofsystemusedtocooltheengine.翻译：发动机制造商将汽车发动机按气缸排列、气门布置以及冷却系统的类型进行分类。语法：foridentificationpurposes作目的状语。2023/3/47.With this system,the engine has the water jackets in the block and head,which surround the cylinders and combustion chambers and through which coolant circulates freely.翻译：在水冷式发动机上，发动机气缸体和气缸盖内均有水套，水套包围着气缸和燃烧室，水套内部有自由循环流动的冷却液。语法：which引导的定语从句修饰the water jackets。Translation of difficult sentence2023/3/4Practical ReadingDescription The 2ZZ-GE engine is an in-line,4-cylinder,1.8-liter,16-valve DOHC engine.1 This engine meets the European STEP regulations.The VVTL-i system(Variable Valve Timing and Lift-intelligent)system,the DIS(Direct Ignition System),and an Air Injection system have been adopted on this engine in order to improve performance,fuel economy and reduce exhaust emissions.Layout of Main Engine Components2023/3/4 THANK YOU2023/3/4汽车专业英语 高等职业教育高等职业教育“十三五十三五”规划教材规划教材 2023/3/4四冲程发动机基础知识介绍发动机构造认识燃油直喷系统发动机冷却系统和润滑系统认识发动机点火系统和起动系统认识任务一任务二任务三任务四任务五任务六任务七任务八底盘构造认识汽车检测设备认识KT600汽车诊断系统任务九汽车市场调查分析进出口交易的一般流程来人来电购车接待汽车产品配置介绍汽车保险办理汽车销售礼仪任务十任务十一任务十二任务十三任务十四任务十五任务十六汽车产品售后服务出国手续办理 任务二 发动机构造认识Brief IntroductionWord ListText learning-exampleProper Names1234Translation of difficult sentence5Practical Reading6 Brief Introduction1.frameworkfremwkn.构架，框架，结构2.foundationfande()nn.基础，根本3.nickelnk()ln.镍4.chromiumkrmm n.铬5.aluminumlumnmn.铝6.castkstv.浇铸7.sleeveslivn.套管，轴套，衬套，缸套8.borebn.内径，枪膛v.钻孔9.servesvvt.服务，可做，适于，具有作用10.crankcasekrkkesn.曲轴箱11.bolt/bltn.螺钉，v.用螺栓紧固 Word List2023/3/4 Word List12.sealsiln.封铅，封条，密封13.reciprocatingrsprketadj.往复的14.circumference/skmf()r()nsn.圆周，周围15.slapslpvt.拍，拍击16.expansionkspn()n;ek-n.扩充，膨胀17.plusplsprep.加上，以及18.ccessorykses()rn.附件，零件，附加物19.viava，viprep.经，通过，经由20.sprocketsprktn.链轮齿21.chaintenn.链(条)22.crankpinkrkpnn.曲柄销，连杆轴颈2023/3/4 Word List23.counterweightkantwetn.平衡物，平衡重24.flangefln(d)n.凸缘，边缘，轮缘25.functionf(k)()nn.功能，作用26.camkmn.凸轮27.eccentricksentrk;ek-n.偏心轮28.geargn.齿轮,传动装置29.lifterlftn.挺杆ponentkmpnntn.部分，部件，零件，元件 Text learning-exampleThe engine block forms the main framework,or foundation,of the engine.The block is cast mainly from gray iron or iron alloyed with other metals such as nickel or chromium.However,some blocks have been made from aluminum.In any case,the block itself has many components.Engine BlockEngine Block2023/3/4Text learning-exampleThe cylinder head is bolted to the block.The manufacturer casts the cylinder head in one piece from iron,from iron alloyed with other metals,or from aluminum alloy.Aluminum has the advantage of combining lightness with rather high heat conductivity.Depending on the style of engine,the cylinder head serves many functions.Cylinder HeadCylinder Head2023/3/4The engine manufacturer fits a piston into each cylinder of the engine.The piston is a movable part or plug that receives the pressure from the burning air/fuel mixture and converts this pressure into reciprocating(up-and-down)motion.Manufacturers make most engine pistons from aluminum,which is less than half the weight of iron.Iron pistons were common in early automotive engines.Text learning-examplePistonsPistons2023/3/4Piston clearance is the distance between the outer circumference of the piston and the cylinder wall itself.In operation,oil fills this clearance so that the piston moves on films of lubricating oil.If this clearance is too small,several problems can develop.On the other hand,excessively large clearance can result in piston slap as the piston starts down on the power strokes.The piston itself operates many degrees hotter than the adjacent cylinder wall and therefore expands more.Manufacturers must control this expansion in order to avoid the loss of adequate piston clearance.Text learning-examplePiston ClearancePiston Clearance2023/3/4Some operating clearance must exist between the piston and the cylinder wall;however,some form of seal is necessary between the piston and the cylinder wall to prevent blowby.Consequently,piston rings are used to provide the necessary seal to eliminate blowby and to control oil consumption.Text learning-examplePiston RingsPiston Rings2023/3/4As mentioned earlier,the piston moves up and down in the cylinder,in a reciprocating motion.In order to rotate the drive wheels,a connecting rod and crankshaft must change reciprocating motion to rotary.The connecting rod itself attaches at one end to the piston and on the other end to the crankpin section of the crankshaft.Text learning-exampleConnecting Rods Connecting Rods 2023/3/4The crankshaft is the main rotating member,or shaft,of the engine.Its function,along with the connecting rod,is to change the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary.In addition,the crankshaft is responsible for driving the camshaft through timing gears,plus operating the accessories via a system of belts and pulleys.Lastly,the crankshaft carries the total torque-turning or twisting effort and delivers it to the flywheel.From the flywheel the torque then passes either to the friction clutch assembly or to the torque converter.Text learning-exampleCrankshaftCrankshaft2023/3/4The flywheel is a comparatively heavy wheel,bolted to the flange on the rear end of the crankshaft.Its function is to keep the engine running smoothly between power strokes.Its inertia tends to keep the flywheel rotating at a constant speed.Text learning-exampleFlywheelFlywheel2023/3/4The manufacturer machines a cam lobe into a given shape that produces a given amount of valve-open duration and overlap.Furthermore,meshing the timing gears or installing the chain onto the sprockets at a specific place will time the valves to open and close at the proper moment in the engines cycle.Text learning-exampleTiming GearsTiming Gears Proper Names1.grayiron灰口铁2.waterpump 水泵3.oilpan机油盘4.heatconductivity热传导性5.fasteningdevice紧固件6.drivewheel 驱动轮7.valvetiming 气门正时8.frictionclutchassembly摩擦式离合器9.torqueconverter液力变矩器10.mainbearingjournal主轴承轴颈11.drivinghub驱动毂2023/3/4 Proper Names12.fanpulley风扇皮带轮13.timinggear 正时齿轮14.fuelpump 燃油泵15.pistonclearance活塞间隙16.pistonring活塞环pressionring气环18.oilcontrolring油环19.vibrationdamper扭转减振器20.torsionalvibration扭转振动21.oilpump机油泵22.ignitiondistributor点火分电器2023/3/4 Proper Names23.valvestem气门杆24.pushrod气门推杆25.valvetip气门杆顶端26.valveseat气门座27.valvespring气门弹簧28.rockerarm气门摇臂29.camlobe凸轮凸起部，凸轮工作部分Translation of difficult sentence1.Theengineblockformsthemainframework,orfoundation,oftheengine.翻译：发动机气缸体构成发动机的主要框架或基础。2.Thepistonisamovablepartorplugthatreceivesthepressurefromtheburningair/fuelmixtureandconvertsthispressureintoreciprocating(up-and-down)motion.翻译：活塞是运动部件，它承受可燃混合气燃烧时产生的压力，并将该力转化成活塞的上下往复式运动。3.Pistonclearanceisthedistancebetweentheoutercircumferenceofthepistonandthecylinderwallitself.翻译：活塞间隙是指活塞外圆表面到气缸壁之间的距离。4.Consequently,pistonringsareusedtoprovidethenecessarysealtoeliminateblowbyandtocontroloilconsumption.翻译：因此，使用活塞环来对活塞和气缸壁间进行必要的密封，以防止发动机窜气和减小发动机机油消耗。2023/3/4Translation of difficult sentence5.Theconnectingroditselfattachesatoneendtothepistonandontheotherendtothecrankpinsectionofthecrankshaft.翻译：连杆一头与活塞相连，另一头与曲轴的曲柄销相连。6.Inaddition,therearsurfaceoftheflywheelservesasthedrivingmemberoftheclutchassembly.翻译：此外，飞轮的后端面还作为离合器总成的驱动件。7.Theliftermaybeindirectcontactwiththetipofthevalvestem,oritmaybearagainstapushrodthatfunctionsalongwitharocker-armassemblytoopenavalve.翻译：气门挺杆或是直接与气门杆顶端接触，或者与推杆相连，推动推杆与摇臂总成一起开启气门。8.Tolengthenthetimeandtoacceleratetheair/fuelmixtureflowintothecylinders,boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesmustbeopenatthesametimeforashortperiod.翻译：为了延长可燃混合气进入气缸的时间和加速混合气的进入，在同一小段时间内使进、排气门同时开启。2023/3/4Practical ReadingEngine Gaskets and Engine RadiatorIn an automobile,gaskets are thin sheets of flexible materials that are used to separate two metal components.They allow metal part