英语语法PPT课堂课件-定语从句.ppt

1.The fish which is buried in the mud died of drought.2.The lady who is talking is our teacher.3.There are many flies on the baby whose face is dirty.1.The picture was taken at the moment when the accident happened.2.This accident took place in Xiamen where the BRT bus station is located.3.This is the reason why we have to obey the rules.定语从句定语从句l五大概念：五大概念：l概念一、什么是定语从句？概念一、什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句从句叫做定语从句。l在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。做先行词。l在定语从句中的引导词引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词又分关系代词和关系副词。概念二、关系词有哪些？概念二、关系词有哪些？l1、关系代词：which，that，who，whom，whose,as;l注意注意:做宾语的时候，做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。关系代词可以省略。l2、关系副词：when，where，why概念三、关系词通常有下列三个作用？概念三、关系词通常有下列三个作用？l1.引导定语从句；l2.代替先行词；l 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。lEg.The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.概念四、关系代词和关系副词有何区别及方法概念四、关系代词和关系副词有何区别及方法？l主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语作状语。l方法一方法一：句子成份法：关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。l方法二方法二：句子完整法：关系代词引导的定语从句不完整；关系副词引导的定语从句是完整的。lI will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.lI will never forget the days that/which we spent together.l概念五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语概念五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别从句的区别lA.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。lB.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“的的”通常译成主句的并列句。通常译成主句的并列句。在非限制性定语从句中，通常用who,whom,whose 指人，用指人，用 which 指物指物。lEg.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.l她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）lHer brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.l她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）五大考点：五大考点：l考点一考点一.先行词为人时引导词先行词为人时引导词who和和that la.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：l(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。lHe who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.lThose who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practice more.考点二考点二.先行词为物时引导词先行词为物时引导词that和和which la.只用只用that不用不用which 的情况的情况：l 定语从句中只用定语从句中只用that,that,不用不用whichwhich的情况的情况1.当先行词是不定代词，当先行词是不定代词，如如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,the one等等All THAT can be done has been done.I didnt want this recorder;I want the one THAT was borrowed yesterday.2.先行词（指物的）前面先行词（指物的）前面有有only,few,one of,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时等词修饰时Theres no difficulty THAT we cant overcome.Ive read all the books THAT can be borrowed here.This is the very man THAT I want to see.3.先行词被序数词先行词被序数词first,last,next等等或形容词的最高级修饰或形容词的最高级修饰时时This is the first letter THAT Ive written in English.She is the most careful girl THAT Ive ever known.4.当先行词既有人又有物当先行词既有人又有物时时They talked about the people and places THAT they had visited.5.当先行词是系动词当先行词是系动词be后后面表语或面表语或关系词本身是从句的表关系词本身是从句的表语时语时Shanghai isnt the city THAT it used to be 60 years ago.He is no longer the man THAT he used to be.6.当主句是以当主句是以who,which或或what开开头的特殊疑问句时头的特殊疑问句时Who is the man THAT is waiting at the school gate?Which is the car THAT ran over a dog yesterday?What did you see THAT made you so angry?7.当主句以当主句以There be结结构开头时或关系代词在构开头时或关系代词在there be结构中作结构中作义主语，先行项为物义主语，先行项为物There is a seat in the corner THAT is still free.There are two books on history THAT are for you.8.当先行词是基数词时当先行词是基数词时Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin ofwater.Now you can see the two THAT are still alive.Exercises:1.He is the only man _ can do the work.2.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He opened the door,in front of _ sat a boy.5.Any person _ has the money can join the group.6.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others upset.thatthat thatthat thatthat whichwhich thatthat which 提问1.This is all_I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2Is there anything else_you want?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it4.Please take the second chair_is over there.A.where B.which C.who D.that 5.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it 6.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police A.which B.what C.whatever D.that b.只能用只能用which不用不用that的情况的情况:l1.介词后面介词后面 2.逗号后面逗号后面.l(1)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.l(2)The machine,which I have looked after for many year,is still working perfectly.l3.3.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用thatthat引导，引导，引导，引导，另一个用另一个用另一个用另一个用whichwhich引导；引导；引导；引导；He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.考点三：考点三：介词介词+关系代词关系代词(which/whom)l*关系代词前介词的确定方法：关系代词前介词的确定方法：l1.定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系，或者从句的动词、形容词的习惯性搭配。lEg.The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new lookl Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands?l Ours is a beautiful country,of which we are greatly proud.Can you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1.The sun gives us heat and light,_ which we cant live.2.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3.Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?withoutaboutonfor53.Above the trees are the hills,_ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.A.whereB.of whose C.whose D.which53.The party,_ I was the guest of honor,was extremely enjoyable.A.by which B.for which C.to which D.at whichl2.非限制性定语从句中，表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词数词/代词代词+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构，l e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.l3.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,l但词序不同，即即whose+n=the+n+of which=of which+the+n.le.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.lThey lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.lThey lived in a house,Of which the door open to the south.沙场练兵1.The house,_ was destroyed in the terrible fire,has been repaired.A the roof of which B which roof C the roof of whose D that roof2.I decided to write about Chaplin,one of _ films I had seen several years before.A whose B whom C that D which3,There are two small rooms in the house,_ serves as a kitchen.A the smaller of which B the small of which C the smaller of them D the smaller one4,He fell from his horse,as a result of _ he could not go to work.A that B which C whose D whom5,The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ are sold abroad.A of which B which of C of them D of that6,American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B as C about which D with whom考点五：考点五：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句l两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，as 放在句首句中都可放在句首句中都可以以，which 必需放在句中必需放在句中，但下列情况多用as。l1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.l2.当与such,as或the same连用时，一般用as。le.g.Thats the same tool as I used last week.lI am not so strong a man as I was.我已经没有从前那么强壮了。l3.当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。l Eg.Tom was late for school again and again,which made his teacher very angry.关系副词关系副词When _When _Where _Where _Why _Why _时间时间地点地点原因原因(一般情况一般情况)可以与介词可以与介词+关系代词替换关系代词替换考点四考点四:关系副词的运用关系副词的运用l 先行词为“时间的名词”用when：time（day,night,morning,week,month,year等）whenlEg.I dont remember the day when he left.(on which)l 先行词为“表示地点的名词”place（case,point,situation,condition,scene,stage,country,room,house,hotel,museum,school,street等）wherelEg.That is the house where he lived two years ago.(In which)l 先行词为“表示原因的名词”why：reasonwhy（表示原因的名词只有一个）lThats the reason why I helped him.（why=for which）WhenWhen：eg:1)Ill never forget the day when/on which I first went to Beijing.2)Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum?试比较：试比较：I will never forget the year which we spent together.I will never forget the year in which when we work together.1)Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find itwherewhereThis is the factory which I visited yesterday.This is the factory to which where I paid a visit.2)This is the factory where(in which)my father once worked.试比较：试比较：This is the reason why/for which he didnt come to the meeting.whywhyThis is the reason why he was late.This is the reason which that he gave to me试比较：试比较：1.Have you visited the house _ 1.Have you visited the house _ the famous writer was born.the famous writer was born.A.inA.in that that B.whereB.where C.whenC.when D.onD.on which which2.Do you still remember the day 2.Do you still remember the day _ we first met?_ we first met?A.thatA.that B.onB.on that that C.whereC.where D.whenD.when3.I shall never forget those days 3.I shall never forget those days _I lived in the country with _I lived in the country with the farmers.the farmers.A.thatA.that.B.whenB.when.C.whichC.which.D.whenD.when.5.After living in Paris for 5.After living in Paris for fifties years he returned to the fifties years he returned to the small small town_hetown_he grew up as a grew up as a child.child.A.whichA.which B.whereB.where C.thatC.that D.whenD.when6.The film brought the hours back 6.The film brought the hours back to to me_Ime_I was taken good care of was taken good care of in that far-away village.in that far-away village.A.untilA.until B.thatB.that C.whenC.when D.whereD.where三大区别：三大区别：l1.the same.as 和和 the same.that的用法辨异的用法辨异.lThats the same tool as I used last week.（同类事物）lThats the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。（指原物）l2.定语从句与强调句型的区别定语从句与强调句型的区别 判断是否是强调结构的方判断是否是强调结构的方法是采用删除法法是采用删除法l分析：分析：强调句句型：It is/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分去掉 It is/was.that/who,句子照样成立。lIt is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport lIt is the factory _ Mr Wang works l3、定语从句与习惯句型的区别、定语从句与习惯句型的区别lIt is the first time _ she has been in Shanghail（It iswas the firstsecond time that从句）lIt was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life三大注意：三大注意：l1.the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由做先行词时，定语从句可由that,in which 引导或不用引导词。引导或不用引导词。l2.定语从句中主谓一致问题：从句中的动词在人定语从句中主谓一致问题：从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。lHe is one of the teachers who know English well.l He is the only one of the teachers who knows English well.(特殊特殊)l3.疑问句的解题思路疑问句的解题思路：先把疑问句还原成：先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。正确答案。l1.Is this factory _ we visited last week?l2.Is this the factory _ we visited last Week?lA、where B、that C、to which D、the one小试牛刀小试牛刀lThat is the factory where produces 100,000TV sets a year.lThat is the factory that his father once worked.lIll never forget the days when we spent on that lonely island.lIll never forget the day when/on which I joined the Party.