高中英语语法名词性从句111.ppt

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句句(NounClauses）。）。名词从句的功能名词从句的功能相当于名词词组相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任主语主语、宾语宾语、表语表语、同位语同位语等，因此等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句句、表语从句和和同位语从句。同位语从句。名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3.My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句Which clause do these sentences belongto?名词性从句的连词名词性从句的连词引导名词性从句的引导名词性从句的连词连词可分为三类：可分为三类：连接词连接词：that(不充当从句的任何成分不充当从句的任何成分,无实际含义）无实际含义）whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分，有是否含义）不充当从句的任何成分，有是否含义）连连接接代代词词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.(在从句充当主语在从句充当主语、宾语宾语、表语表语、定语等，有字面含义）定语等，有字面含义）连接副词连接副词：when,where,how,why(在从句充当状语等，有字面本身含义）在从句充当状语等，有字面本身含义）小小结结：连连接接代代词词和和连连接接副副词词在在从从句句中中充充当当一一定定的的句句子子成成分分，而而连连接接词词在在从从句句中中不不充充当当句句子成分，只起连接作用子成分，只起连接作用宾语从句宾语从句1.由连词由连词that引导引导:that常可省略。常可省略。Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.由由连连词词andand连连接接的的两两个个由由thatthat引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句中中,第二个第二个thatthat不省略不省略.He said(that)he had finished reading thisnovelandthathewouldborrowanotherone.当当that引引导导的的从从句句作作复复合合宾宾语语的的第第一一个个成成分分时时，需需用用先先行行词词it作作形形式式宾宾语语，把把从从句句放放到到句末，句末，that不能省略。不能省略。Weconsideritpossiblethatheisill.We must make it clear that we meanwhatwesay.2.由由wh-疑问词引导。疑问词引导。Wefullyunderstoodwhat he meant.Goandaskwhy he was late yesterday.Iaskedhow he was getting on.Heaskedmewhether or not I was busy.Iwanttoknowwhom you were talking with.Wewillchoosewhoever is fit.whether与与if有有时时可可以以换换用用，但但下下列列情情况况只只能能用用whether.1.介词后的宾从介词后的宾从.Everything depends on whether it is finetomorrow.2.whetherornot的宾从的宾从.Idontknowwhetherornotshelllikeit.3.复合不定式只能用复合不定式只能用whether.Telluswhethertogoorstayhere.4.习习惯惯上上作作discuss的的宾宾从从只只用用whether.但但:宾语从句否定时常用宾语从句否定时常用if引导引导.Heaskedifyouwouldnotgoandseehim.2.用if 或whether 填空1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether/ifwhetherwhether 表语从句表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词从表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词从句句,放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主主语语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语。可以接表语从句的系动词有从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。所有引导宾语从句的连词等。所有引导宾语从句的连词（除（除if外）都可以引导表语从句，以外）都可以引导表语从句，以及及as if,because等。等。Thequestioniswhowouldliketohaveatry.Thatdaywasjustwhenshewasborn.The biggest problem is whom you canrelyon.Thefactisthatyoumakeamistake.注意：注意：1.that引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句.3.seem,appear后后可可接接that引引导导的的从从句句,而而look则不可则不可.这这三三个个词词后后都都可可用用asif/asthough引引导导从从句句.Itseems/appearsthathewaslateforthetrainyesterday.Itseems/appears/looksasifwehavetogohomeonfoot.另另外外，在在名名词词性性从从句句中中，我我们们还还须须特特别别注注意以下问题：意以下问题：填填空空:1.Thereason_wedidnttrusthimis_hehasoftenlied2.Thereason_hegaveforhisabsentis_hewasill.reason后后面面的的表表语语从从句句只只能能用用that引引导导,不不能能用用why引引导导,但但reason后后面面的的定定语语从从句句可可以用以用why或者或者that引导。引导。whythatthatthat注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用“whether”不能用不能用“If”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3.It is/was because.4.It is/was why.5.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.6.4 The reason is because/whythat .5.that和what引导的表语从句的区别：That 在引导的表语从句中充当连词的作用，没有实际意义，不作句子成分；what在引导的表语从句中，充当连接代词的作用，代替the thing(s)that，作句子成分。Her wish is that she could lose weight soon.Thats what he said.语序问题语序问题1.The photographs will show you_（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikev2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news.vA.how he was excitedvB.how was he excitedvC.how excited he wasvD.he was how excited3.Heasked_foraviolin.（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid小小结结：在在名名词词性性从从句句中中，通通常常用用陈陈述述语语序。序。课堂强化训练课堂强化训练Finishtheexercises.1.Can you tell me-?A.did he whether pass the examination B.did whether he pass the examination C.whether did he pass the exam D.whether he pass the exam2.He told should read.A.me what I B.me I what C.what me I D.what I me3.I couldnt understand with me.A.the matter was what B.what was the matterC.what the matter was D.that was the matter4.He looks he hadnt had a good meal for a month.A.that B.as if C.when D.so far5.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.I got wet through.A.Its the reason B.Thats why C.Theres why D.Its how DABBB 6.A modern city has been set up in was wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.where7.The fact is he has not been seen recently.Whats wrong with him?A.what B.that C.why D.if8.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is I disagree.A.whatever B.where C what D.how9.A computer is a machine,which can only do you have told it to do.A.how B.after C.when D.what 10.I care for nothing but he can finish it on time.A.if B.that C.when D.whetherABBDD11.He asked for the violin.A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid12.Do you remember _he came?Yes,I do.He came by car.A.how B.when C.that D.if13.One reason he told me for his being late is he didnt catch the early bus.A.that;because B.why;because C.why;that D.that;that14.The soldiers soon reached was once an old temple the villagers used as a school.A.where;what B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 15.Ill take wants to go.A.that B.who C.whoever D.whomeverDADBC16.I consider a great honor that I have been invited to give a speech.A.it B.that C.this D.what 17.He said he had eaten nothing for a longtime and he was very hungry.A.that;不填不填 B.不填不填;that C.不填；不填不填；不填 D.what;what18.See the flags on top of the building?That was we did this morning.A.when B.which C.where D.what19.As soon as he comes back,Ill tell him when and see him.A.you will come B.will you come C.you come D.do you come20.I still doubt the price of house in BeiJing will go down,but just wait and see.A.how B.why C.whether D.whenABDACGrammarWhatpartdoestheunderlinedpartserveasineachsentence?Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Youareastudent.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.Smokingisbadforyou.“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.We can see from these sentences that a sentence serves as subject,so we call it Subject Clause.主语从句主语从句（NounClausesastheSubject）定义：定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词连词that,whether；连接代词连接代词who,what和和which；连接副词连接副词when,where,how和和why。用法：用法：1)由由what等代词引起的主语从句：等代词引起的主语从句：Whattheteachersaidtodaywasquiteright.老师今天说的话是十分正确的。老师今天说的话是十分正确的。2)由连词由连词that引起的主语从句：引起的主语从句：Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。作形式主语。3)由连接代词或连接副词以及由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。引起的主语从句。Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotyetdecided.他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。4)whatever,whoever也可引导主语从句。也可引导主语从句。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.这里说的话都应当保密。这里说的话都应当保密。Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。注意注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免避免“头重脚轻头重脚轻”,常用常用it作形式主语作形式主语,而而把从句放在后面。把从句放在后面。例如例如:Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了这样一个错误她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。真是遗憾。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+adj./n.+从句从句Itisapity/shamethat.遗憾的是遗憾的是Itispossiblethat.很可能很可能Itisunlikelythat.不可能不可能2)It+不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句Itseems/appearsthat.似乎似乎Ithappenedthat.碰巧碰巧3)It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句Itissaidthat.据说据说Itisknowntoallthat.众所周知众所周知Itisreportedthat.据报道据报道Itisbelievedthat.据信据信;人们相信人们相信Itissuggestedthat.有人建议有人建议Itmustbepointedoutthat.必须指出必须指出Ithasbeenprovedthat.已证明已证明.如如:Itisbelievedthatatleastascoreofbuildingsweredamagedordestroyed.据信据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。底毁掉。5).用于用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat.句型中句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式,should有有时有感情色彩。时有感情色彩。1._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.2._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.3._the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.4._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.5._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever填空。填空。6._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.7.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.8.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_isourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”9.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.ItthatItwhat1.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how解析解析:what引导主语从句引导主语从句,在从句中在从句中做做do的宾语的宾语高考链接高考链接2.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that解析解析:Ithought是插入语是插入语,可以把它去掉可以把它去掉不考虑不考虑.what引导宾语从句引导宾语从句,在从在从句中作主语句中作主语.宾语从句作宾语从句作at的宾语的宾语.3._intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires解析解析:“Itisrequiredthat”是一个是一个固定句式，固定句式，it作形式主语作形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。引导的从句为真正的主语。4._the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That答案是答案是C。“2000年奥林匹克运动会年奥林匹克运动会是否在北京举行还不知道。是否在北京举行还不知道。”5._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter答案是答案是C。“他在会上的发言使到会他在会上的发言使到会的每一个人都感到惊讶的每一个人都感到惊讶”what表示表示“(所说的话所说的话)”,相当于相当于Thewords(that+/which)hesaidatthemeeting6._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who答案是答案是C。“谁最后离开房间应关灯。谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为意为“无论谁无论谁”,引导主语从句引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。若选并在从句中作主语。若选A或或B,anyone或或theperson后应回后应回who,使其成为由使其成为由who引导引导的定语从句的定语从句,修饰修饰anyone或或person.注：这些词还可引导副词性从句。注：这些词还可引导副词性从句。7._hehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.A.BecauseB.ThatC./D.What答案是答案是B。“他变成了富翁他变成了富翁,这是我们这是我们镇上下班人人皆知的事。镇上下班人人皆知的事。”根据句意根据句意,须用须用that引导的主语从句。引导的主语从句。that在从在从句中不担任任何成分句中不担任任何成分,只起连接作用只起连接作用.8._Ineedismoretime.A.ThatB.WhatC./D.Which答案是答案是B。“我所需要的是更多的时间。我所需要的是更多的时间。”根据题意根据题意,应选应选what引志的主语从句引志的主语从句,what在职从句中作宾语在职从句中作宾语(what=thethingwhich).主语从句的关联词不能省略主语从句的关联词不能省略,故故排除排除C。which表示表示“哪一个哪一个”,that无无词义词义,都与句意不符都与句意不符,故排除。故排除。