James-Joyce詹姆斯-乔伊斯.ppt

James Joyce(18821941)By 李文慧、江静、王欢、王晋、张思君李文慧、江静、王欢、王晋、张思君James Joyce(2 February 1882 13 January 1941)Irish novelist and poetone of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century.James Joyces introductionuBirth and Death:2 February 1882 13 January 1941uFamily:Born in Dublin,Ireland.His family was initially well off as Dublin merchants.uNationality:IrishuOccupation:Novelist,poet,teacheruWorks:the short-story：collection Dubliners(1914)都柏林人the novel：Ulysses(1922)尤利西斯 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man(1916)一个青年艺术家的画像 Finnegans Wake(1939)芬尼根守灵夜other writings:poetry,play,occasional journalism,and his published lettersuLover:Nora Barnacle(a chambermaid),married in 1931Introduction and LifetimeAesthetic Concept and Artistic PursuitWriting Style and Major Works The Influences of James JoycecontentscontentsJames Joyces lifetimeJoyces familyGain educationExperienceLive in exileJoyces familyHis fathers family,originally from Fermoy in Cork,had once owned a small salt and lime works.Joyces father and paternal grandfather both married into wealthy familiesm.His mothers family was a middle-class family.Gain educationGain educationIn 1888,he began at Clongowes Wood College,a Jesuit boarding school.In 1892,he studied at home and briefly studied at the Christian Brothers OConnell School.In 1893,he was offered a place in the Jesuits Dublin school,Belvedere College.The philosophy of Thomas Aquinas had a strong influence on Joyce for most of his life.In 1898,he studied at University College Dublin(UCD),studying English,French and Italian.Theatrical and literaryExperienceExperienceIn 1891 Joyce wrote a poem on the death of Charles Stewart Parnell.In November of that same year,Joyce was entered in Stubbs Gazette.In 1893,John Joyce was dismissed.Joyces fathers drinking problem the mismanagement of family property.Joyces family changed from rich to poorLive in exileLive in exileIn 1902,Joyce left for ParisParis to study medicine.In 1903,his mother was diagnosed with cancer(died on 13 August),Joyce returned to Ireland Ireland.He and Nora went to pulapula in Yugoslavia first and then moved the TriesteTrieste,made a living by teaching English.In 1915,Joyce was in Zrich in SwitzerlandZrich in Switzerland,taught English at the Berlitz Language School.(with Nora)In 1920,He moved back to ParisParis.He remained there for the rest of yearsJoyces aesthetic conceptaesthetic concept(美学思想)and artistic pursuit 1：The principle of stasis艺术的“静态平衡”原则；2：The nature of art3：“impersonality”and“the authors withdrawing from novels”(作家退出小说)4：Three characteristics of the artistic beauty5：Three forms of art1:The principle of stasisIn his view,causing staticstatic（静态的）emotion emotion is appropriate,and leading the dynamic emotion dynamic emotion is not appropriate.Further,he said the dramatic emotion is static,the same as aesthetic emotion desires and dislikes are definitely not a beautiful emotion2：The nature of art Art is not to escape but expression of lifeexpression of life.In other words,art art comes from life,heighter than life.Art comes from life,heighter than life.Art effects and guids life.effects and guids life.Art creates beauty,and beauty refined by artist through their felling and comprehension.Art is aesthemic.3：“impersonalityimpersonality”and“the the authors withdrawing from novelsauthors withdrawing from novels”(作家退出小说)ImpersonalityImpersonality it means,when writer in creation,should be hide himself.Dont use the authors idea to write the story,write the character who in the story.Because,when the story have been built,after the story beginning,characters have their characteristics,they have lives,they can decide their destiny.Not the author.Relationship between author and works:artist,first as a shout,a rhythm,or a mood,then they will become a gleaming narrative,and finally artist out of work.Work just expresses authors mind.4 Three characteristics of the artistic beauty:wholnesswholness (完整)harmoneyharmoney (和谐)radienceradience (光彩)5 T Three forms of arthree forms of artthe lyrical formthe epical formthe dramatic formWriting StyleWriting StyleIn his writings,Joyce likes to use references to ancient stories and adopts a completely new style of writing which allows the reader to move inside the minds of the characters,and presents their thoughts and feelings in a continuous dream.This style is known as“stream of consciousness”,and it has had a powerful influence on the work of many other modernist writers.Major WorksDublinersDubliners都柏林人 Writing backgroundFeatures Brief summary to 15 collectionsMajor themes Tell us somethingWriting backgroundWriting backgroundThe stories were written when Irish nationalism was at its peak.At the crossroads of history and culture,Ireland was jolted（颠覆）by various converging ideas and influences.Meanwhile,the Irish were confused about their national identity.FeaturesFeaturesDubliners is consist of 15 stories.In a sense,each story shows the cute,dirty Dublin and a spiritual paralysed city.Every story is a drama about a souls frustration and failure.All story together show the moral falling in the whole process of the death.Joyce in this collections creats all kinds of characters;adolescent boys,middle-aged alcoholic,the governments small staff,university lecturer,laundry room of women,young businessman.Most characters are belong to lower class.15 collections15 collectionsDublinersThe Sisters姐妹们姐妹们An Encounter偶遇偶遇 Araby阿拉比阿拉比Eveline伊夫琳伊夫琳After the Race车赛之后车赛之后Two Gallants两个浪子两个浪子The Boarding House 寄宿公寓寄宿公寓 A Little Cloud一朵浮云一朵浮云Counterparts 无独有偶无独有偶Clay粘土粘土 A Painful Case痛心的往事痛心的往事 Ivy Day in the Committee Room会议室里的常春藤日会议室里的常春藤日A Mother一位母亲一位母亲Grace圣恩圣恩 The Dead 死者死者Major ThemesMajor ThemesThe Stages of LifePoverty and Class DifferencesColonization and Irish PoliticsDefeat,Powerlessness,Imprisonment,and ParalysisLonging for Escape What does the author want to convey to the reader in this short story?The author wants to reveal:“escape”,“frustration”and“paralysis”or living death.Environmental force determines a persons existence and fate.Perplexity and timidity will not lead to happiness or that a hopeful marriage can be destroyed by conservativeness and spiritual paralysis.Freedom can only be obtained by breaking the bondage or confinement of unreasonable conventions and burdens.Ulysses(尤利西斯尤利西斯)structureUlysses comes from Greek mythology.He is the king of Ithaca island(伊塔卡岛）in western Greece,named Odysseus.Ulysses is the Latin version.He had participated in the Trojan war(特洛伊之战).Ten years in the Greek war against Troy,Odysseus was brave,resourceful and spectacular(惊动一时的).He offered a Trojan horse(木马计)to break Troy collaborate with forces from outside.After victory,on his way home he offended Poseidon(海神波塞冬),Because of her obstruction,he experienced all kinds of hardships and distress.Fortunately,In the tenth years he finally back to his homeland.Each chapter of Joyces Ulysses takes a parallel structure(平行结构)with it to show a philosophical significance.Main characterLeopold Blum:advertising salesmanDedalus Stephen:a young poetMolly:Blums wife,singerContent:three leading characters a day of life experience in DublinTime:1904-6-16 as early as eight am to 2 oclock in the morningContent8 am:Blooms life situation10 am:Bloom to find their own spiritual comfort(精神安慰精神安慰)11 am:Bloom attended the funeral,causing a lot of memories and associationsNoon:Bloom met Stephen and Stephens sister 1 pm:Bloom met an acquaintance(熟人熟人)Flynn in the restaurant 2 pm:Bloom pass through the streets and alleys,and saw all kinds of people he knew4 pm:Blum follow Oboylan to a bar5 pm:Bloom in order to maintain the dignity of Jews argue with a rascal(无赖无赖)8 pm:summer evening at the beach,Bloom met the girl Gertie,falls in love with her10 in the evening:Bloom visit the patient and met Stephen againUnder the middle of the night:Blum and Stephen spend a long nigh on a carriage,the two people have a happy conversation.EndingStephen and Bloom found spiritual comfort in each other.Molly feel guilty to her husband,decided to give her husband another chanceThe whole novel began with Stephens messy,confused and blurred(迷离)consciousness flow,and end with Molly s torrent(急流)of consciousness flow up to 40 pages without punctuationStream of consciousnessStream of consciousness novel do not pay attention to shape the characters,weaving stories,but focus on the excavation of deep consciousness and subconscious activities.It is often used to describe the complex symbolic structure,the inner activities of the characters,and the description of the nature of the characters,which are shown in front of the reader is a figure of the consciousness of the screen,the world is reflected in this screen,causing the feelings of the characters,reflect and associate.These associations,sometimes,are very clear and complete,sometimes they are fragmented,and even obscure.Featurestruly reflects the general state of the realities of life,showing the psychological complexity of the ordinary people,modern society and peoples loneliness and despair and the collapse(倒塌)of the spirit.It reveals the era of the Irish crisis,but also indicates the human crisis.Blooms family situation reflects the National Outlook at that time.Through the creation to create a new national spiritReflect the spirit of rebellion and resistance(叛逆和反抗)People have a good side(the affirmation of love),also have the evil side,reveals the theme of the anti myth.(反神话)The Influences of James JoyceThe Appraisal of Ulysses A demonstration and summation of the entire movenment.An unique work,a pure prose.The stream of consciousness technique In Vladimir Nabokovs opinion,Ulysses was brilliant.The French philosopher Jacques Derrida has written a book on the use of language in Ulysses.The psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan used Ulyssess writings to explain his concept of the sinthome(symptom).In 1998,the Modern Library,US publisher of Joyces works,ranked Ulysses NO.1.The influences of James Joyce An Irish novelist and poet,one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant garde of the early 20th century,Joyces influence is also evident in fields other than literature.Joyces influence over the other writers both of his own and later generation can never be overrated.The writers writer One of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century,and stated Joycerevolutionised 20th century fiction.Bloomsday which hold in Dublin and in an increasing number of cities worldwide.Central Bank of Ireland issued a silver commemorative coin.Thank you for you watching!