2015高考英语二轮课件-阅读-第一章第一节-事实细节题的解题技巧.ppt

第二篇第二篇阅读阅读第一节事实细节题的解题技巧第一节事实细节题的解题技巧1Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?2Which of the following(sentences/statements)is NOT true according to the passage?3According to the passage，all of the following are TRUE except/but_4 The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT_一、常见的设问形式一、常见的设问形式5 In the passage，the author states that _6According to the passage，when(where，why，how，who，etc.).1描写类细节题。描写类细节题。2数据计算题。数据计算题。3排序题。排序题。4信息寻找、广告阅读题。信息寻找、广告阅读题。5图文转换题。图文转换题。6表格理解题。表格理解题。二、常见题型二、常见题型1语语意意转转换换。细细节节理理解解题题设设题题时时为为了了避避免免出出现现原原文文中中所所用用的的词词汇汇，常常常常使使用用一一些些同同义义词词、近近义义词词或或反反义义词词(双重否定双重否定)。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。2设设题题顺顺序序。一一般般来来说说，题题序序与与其其相相关关信信息息在在文文中中的的顺顺序序一一致致，如如某某题题的的答答案案信信息息往往往往会会在在下下一一小小题题的的答答案信息之前。案信息之前。三、设题方式三、设题方式3设题干扰项。设题干扰项。(1)正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。(2)扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求。扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求。(3)偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。(4)以以偏偏概概全全：与与原原句句的的内内容容极极其其相相似似，但但在在程程度度、态态度、褒贬色彩上有变动。度、褒贬色彩上有变动。(5)无无中中生生有有：明明显显不不是是文文章章的的信信息息，与与文文章章事事实实不不符符或相反。或相反。1迅迅速速定定位位，缩缩小小范范围围。通通过过寻寻读读法法(scanning)，用用题题干干中中的的关关键键词词在在文文中中搜搜索索，迅迅速速确确定定相相关关词词句句或或信信息息点点所所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。在的位置，缩小阅读范围。2理理解解其其意意，对对照照选选项项。在在找找到到关关键键词词句句后后，要要仔仔细细阅读，准确理解，对照选项，看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。阅读，准确理解，对照选项，看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。3排排除除干干扰扰，选选出出答答案案。在在作作出出选选择择的的过过程程中中，要要善善于辨别真伪，排除干扰，不断缩小范围，选出正确答案。于辨别真伪，排除干扰，不断缩小范围，选出正确答案。四、解题步骤四、解题步骤注注意意：解解题题时时要要留留意意否否定定词词，如如果果题题干干中中含含有有否否定定意意义义的的词词，如如NOT，EXCEPT等等，应应特特别别留留心心。在在解解答答排排序序题题时时，可可采采用用“首首尾尾定定位位法法”，即即先先找找到到第第一一个个动动作作和和最最后后一一个个动动作作，缩缩小小范范围围以以便便能能迅迅速选出正确答案。速选出正确答案。例例1 Tuition Fees(学费学费)Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from$5，000 to$6，000 a year.For further information：tuiwaikato.ac.nz.Accommodation(住宿住宿)You can have a room in a 4bedroom flat，which will cost about$100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.For further information：accwaikato.ac.nz.五、典例精析五、典例精析 You have to pay at least _a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A$5，250 B$8，000C$9，000 D$11，000解析：解析：数数据据计计算算题题。本本篇篇是是介介绍绍Waikato大大学学的的广广告告。从从“Tuition Fees(学学费费)：Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from$5，000 to$6，000 a year.”和和“Accommodation(住宿住宿)：You答案：答案：Bcan have a room in a 4bedroom flat,which will cost about$100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.”可可知知，在在那那儿儿学学习习一一年年 的的 费费 用用 是是：$5，000(学学 费费)$100(住住 宿宿 费费)12(months)$150(生活费生活费)12(months)$8，000。例例2 People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store，a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system(系系统统)that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks，you type in the word or pick it from a list，and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.The devices also keeps a record of what you buy.When youve finished，the device figures out your bill.Then you go to the checker or place your card into a selfcheckout stand and pay.Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping card?aStart the system.bMake a shopping list.cFind the things you want.dGo to a selfcheckout stand.Aabdc BbacdCacbd Dbcad解析：解析：答案：答案：B 排排序序题题。由由第第一一段段第第一一句句话话可可知知第第一一件件事事是是make a shopping list。去去到到商商店店后后“start the system”，根根据据指指引引“you can find them”，最最后后去去结结账账，故故顺顺序序为为bacd。本本题题也也可可采采用用排排除除法法，c和和d是是相相邻邻且且为为先先后后的的顺顺序序，故故排排除除A、C、D。本本题题还还可可结结合合自自己己的的购购物常识进行快速判断。物常识进行快速判断。例例3 In the animal kingdom,weakness can bring about aggression in other animal.This sometimes happens with humans also.But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me,pour cream into my coffee,or help me to put on my coat.And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience,I see the best in people,but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily.They dont get to see this soft side of others.Often，we try every possible way to avoid showing our weakness,which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.1The author has discovered that people will feel happy when _Athey offer their helpBthey receive others helpCthey feel others kindnessDthey show their weakness 事事实实细细节节题题。由由第第一一段段最最后后一一句句可可知知，关关键键是是理理清清该该句句中中的的it，它它指指的的是是前前文文中中的的“the kindness in people”，其其具具体体行行为为是是“people hold doors for me，pour cream into my coffee，or help me to put on my coat”，人人们们的的这这些些行行为为概概括括起起来来，就就是是they offer their help，故故选选A。文文中中信信息息与与选选项项表表述述的的关关系系是是具具体体与与概概括的关系。括的关系。解析：解析：答案：答案：A2 The author feels sad sometimes because _Ahe has a soft heartBhe relies much on othersCsome people pretend to be kindDsome people fail to see the kindness in others 事事实实细细节节题题。由由第第二二段段第第一一句句but后后的的内内容容可可知知，D选选项项中中用用some people代代替替了了文文中中“those who appear independent”，用用fail to see代替了文中的代替了文中的miss。解析：解析：答案：答案：D3What does the underlined word“it”refer to?AAnimal kingdom.BWeakness.CAggressive behavior.DKindness.意意义义猜猜测测。it指指代代前前面面的的the kindness in people。解析：解析：答案：答案：D例例4 In a world with limited land，water and other natural resources (资资源源),the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually，the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm.People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed,and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可可持持续续的的)ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words，we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _Ait makes the world warmerBit consumes natural resourcesCit brings severe damage to forestsDit makes growth hard to continue 事事实实细细节节解解。根根据据“the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm.”可可知知：传传统统经经济济发发展展模模式式的的危危害害是是使使全全球球气气候候变变暖暖、不不能能持持续续发发展展、给给未未来来发发展展造造成成损损失失。B不不选选，过过度度使使用用自自然然资源才是有害的。资源才是有害的。解析：解析：答案：答案：B阅阅读读下下列列文文段段，从从题题后后所所给给的的A、B、C、和和D项项中中选出最佳选项。选出最佳选项。(一一)Mothers，doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies.All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed.In this state,the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible.The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.u即学即练即学即练According to the Paragraph，one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _Asick BupsetCsleepy Dhungry 事事实实细细节节题题。由由该该段段最最后后一一句句“The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.”可可知知。hungry是是searching for food的近义替换。的近义替换。解析：解析：答案：答案：D(二二)When Frida Kahlos paintings were on show in London,a poet described her paintings as“a ribbon(丝丝带带)around a bomb”.Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time.Sadly,she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City,Kahlo suffered from polio(小小 儿儿 麻麻 痹痹 症症)at the age of seven.Her spine(脊脊柱柱)became bent as she grew older.Then,in 1925,her back was broken in several places in a schoolbus accident.Throughout the rest of her life,the artist had many operations,but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.However,the accident had an unexpected side effect.While lying in her bed recovering,Kahlo taught herself to paint.In 1929,she got married to Diego Rivera,another famous Mexican artist.Riveras strong influence on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works，but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works,show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately,her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s,even in her home country.Her first onewoman show in Mexico was not held until 1953.For more than a decade after her death in 1954,Kahlos works remained largely unnoticed by the world，but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.1The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by _.ApolioBher bent spineCback injuriesDthe operation she had 事事实实细细节节题题。根根据据第第二二段段“her back was broken in several places in a shoolbus accident.but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back”可知选可知选C。解析：解析：答案：答案：C 2Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the _A1930s B1940sC1950s D1970s 事事实实细细节节题题。根根据据第第三三段段“but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works，show less influence from her husband”可知选可知选B。解析：解析：答案：答案：B (三三)The valuepacked,allinclusive sightseeing package that combines the best of Sydneys harbour,city,bay and beach highlights.A Sydney Pass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses.The“red”Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the“blue”Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches.Take to the water on one of three magnificent dailyharbour cruises(游游船船).You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses,Sydney Ferries or City Rail services(limited area),so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour,sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise.The possibilities and plans are endless with a Sydney Pass.Wherever you decide to go,remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in,first seated basis.Sydney Passes are available for 3.5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period.With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it.All Sydney Passes include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days,and the return trip is valid(有效的有效的)for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.Sydney Pass FaresAdultChild*Family*3 day ticket$90$45$2255 day ticket$120$60$3007 day ticket$140$70$350*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years.Children under 4 years travel free.*A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.1A Sydney Pass doesnt offer unlimited rides on _Athe Explorer BusesBthe harbour cruisesCregular Sydney BusesDCity Rail services 事事实实细细节节题题。根根据据第第二二段段最最后后一一句句话话“.City Rail services(limited area)”可可知知，这这个个旅旅行行游游览览项项目目是是不不提供无限制乘坐的。提供无限制乘坐的。解析：解析：答案：答案：D2With a Sydney Pass，a traveller can _Asave fares from and to the airportBtake the Sydney Explorer to beachesCenjoy the famous seafood for freeDreserve seats easily in a restaurant 事事实实细细节节题题。根根据据第第四四段段“.a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days，and the return trip is valid for two months from the first day your ticket is used.”可知答案为可知答案为A。解析：解析：答案：答案：A3If 5day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children，aged 3，6 and 10，what would the lowest cost be?A$225.B$330.C$360.D$420.数数据据计计算算题题。计计算算票票价价花花费费，成成年年人人每每人人$120，两两个个成成年年人人为为$240，3岁岁的的孩孩子子免免费费，所所以以两两个个孩孩子子费费用用是是$120，总共花费是总共花费是$360。解析：解析：答案：答案：C(四四)Its everywhere.Indoors，advertising is in magazines and newspapers，on television，and even popping up on computer screens outdoors，advertising means billboards.They are in train stations and on the sides of buildings.They are along highways in the countryside.Billboards were once large painted signs that urged customers to buy anything from fried chicken to dish soap.Nowadays billboards are hightech devices that advertise the products of the modern world，from cellular phone service to perfume.Billboards have changed along with technology.Originally painted directly onto wooden boards or the sides of buildings，billboards were first improved by attaching large printed vinyl strips to a structure to form an advertisers message.Later，mechanical billboards were developed which could display three different images.As one image changed to the next，the movement caught the eye of anyone passing by.More recently，electronic technology has produced backlit billboards which shine a light through an image printed on a sheet of plastic，and digital billboards that can display huge images similar to those on a television screen.The latest trend in billboards is interactivity.In Belgium，a billboard that looked like a pinball machine had people on the street using text messaging to answer a question the billboard sent to their cell phones.If they answered correctly，they had a chance to win a new car.In Japan，some billboards feature QR(Quick Response)codes，a newer version of bar codes，which can be read by specially programmed camera cell phones.When a person takes a picture of a billboard with a QR code，the advertiserswebsite appears on their phone.A billboard in New Yorks Times Square lets people on the street play a video game using their cell phones，and a huge digital sign in Londons Piccadilly Circus responds when someone waves at it and displays different images depending on the weather.Billboards do not always get a positive reaction，however.The large number of billboards along American highways led to the Highway Beautification Act of 1965.This group of laws aimed to preserve the scenic beauty of the countryside as well as the safety of people driving in cars by limiting the number and location of billboards.In Athens，Greece，city officials ordered the removal of hundreds of downtown billboards before the 2004 Olympic Games in an effort to restore the citys historical beauty.Billboards may be a favourite of advertisers，but not everyone wants to look at them.1Where will you probably not see a billboard?AOn a building.BIn the countryside.CIn a magazine.DIn a train station.事事实实细细节节题题。第第一一段段“They are in train stations and on the sides of buildings.They are along highways in the countryside.”可知选可知选C。解析：解析：答案：答案：C 2Which type of billboard is the oldest?AA digital billboard.BA painted billboard.CA mechanical billboard.DA printed billboard.事事实实细细节节题题。根根据据第第二二段段“Originally painted directly on to wooden boards.”可知选可知选B。解析：解析：答案：答案：B 3Which billboard could people without a cell phone interact with?AThe one in Belgium.BThe one in Japan.CThe one in New York.DThe one in London.事事实实细细节节题题。第第三三段段倒倒数数第第一一句句讲讲到到在在伦伦敦敦的的Piccadilly Circus的的一一个个巨巨大大的的数数字字符符号号依依靠靠天天气气产产生生相相互作用。互作用。解析：解析：答案：答案：D 4Why were billboards in Athens removed before the 2004 Olympic Games?AThe billboards were too old.BThe billboards could not be removed during the games.CThe advertisers did not want to support the games.DThe government wanted downtown Athens to look better.事事实实细细节节题题。最最后后一一段段倒倒数数第第二二句句“restore the citys historical beauty”说说明明是是政政府府希希望望雅雅典典市市中中心心看看起起来来更好。更好。解析：解析：答案：答案：D